First Generation  

1. Godwulf, [Mythological] ¹ was born about 0080.

Godwulf married someone.

His child was:

+ 2 M    i. Flocwald, [Mythological] ² was born about 100 in <Asgard or Asia or East Europe>.

  Second Generation  

2. Flocwald, [Mythological] ² (Godwulf, [Mythological]¹) was born about 100 in <Asgard or Asia or East Europe>.

Flocwald married someone.

His child was:

+ 3 M    i. Finn, [Mythological] ³ was born about 130 in <Asgard or Asia or East Europe>.

  Third Generation  

3. Finn, [Mythological] ³ (Flocwald, [Mythological]², Godwulf, [Mythological]¹) was born about 130 in <Asgard or Asia or East Europe>.

Finn married someone.

His child was:

+ 4 M    i. Freothalaf, [Mythological] ⁴ was born about 160 in <Asgard or Asia or East Europe>.

  Fourth Generation  

4. Freothalaf, [Mythological] ⁴ (Finn, [Mythological]³, Flocwald, [Mythological]², Godwulf, [Mythological]¹) was born about 160 in <Asgard or Asia or East Europe>.

Freothalaf married someone.

Freothalaf next married someone.

His child was:

+ 5 M    i. Frithuwald, [Mythological] ⁴ was born about 190 in <Asgard or Asia or East Europe>.

  Fifth Generation  

5. Frithuwald, [Mythological] ⁴ (Freothalaf, [Mythological]⁴, Finn, [Mythological]³, Flocwald, [Mythological]², Godwulf, [Mythological]¹) was born about 190 in <Asgard or Asia or East Europe>. Another name for Frithuwald was Bor.

Frithuwald married Beltsa, [Mythological].⁵ Beltsa was born about 194 in <Asgard or Asia or East Europe>.

The child from this marriage was:

+ 6 M    i. Odin, [Mythological] ^{6 7} was born about 215 in <Asgard or Asia or East Europe>.

  Sixth Generation  

6. Odin, [Mythological] ^{6 7} (Frithuwald, [Mythological]⁵, Freothalaf, [Mythological]⁴, Finn, [Mythological]³, Flocwald, [Mythological]², Godwulf, [Mythological]¹) was born about 215 in <Asgard or Asia or East Europe>. Other names for Odin were Woden, Wotan, and Woutan.

Research Notes: The Norse god Odin.

From Wikipedia - Odin :

Odin (pronounced /'o?d?n/ from Old Norse Óðinn), is considered the chief god in Norse paganism . Homologous with the Anglo-Saxon Woden and the Old High German Wotan , it is descended from Proto-Germanic *Wodinaz or *W. The name Odin is generally accepted as the modern translation; although, in some cases, older translations of his name may be used or preferred. His name is related to oðr , meaning "fury, excitation", besides "mind", or "poetry". His role, like many of the Norse gods, is complex. He is associated with wisdom , war , battle, and death, and also magic , poetry , prophecy , victory, and the hunt.

Origins
Worship of Odin may date to Proto-Germanic paganism . The Roman historian Tacitus may refer to Odin when he talks of Mercury . The reason is that, like Mercury, Odin was regarded as Psychopompos ,"the leader of souls."

As Odin is closely connected with a horse and spear, and transformation/shape shifting into animal shapes, an alternative theory of origin contends that Odin, or at least some of his key characteristics, may have arisen just prior to the sixth century as a nightmareish horse god (Echwaz), later signified by the eight-legged Sleipnir . Some support for Odin as a late comer to the Scandinavian Norse pantheon can be found in the Sagas where, for example, at one time he is thrown out of Asgard by the other gods - a seemingly unlikely tale for a well established "all father". Scholars who have linked Odin with the "Death God" template include E. A. Ebbinghaus , Jan de Vries and Thor Templin . The later two also link Loki and Odin as being one-and-the-same until the early Norse Period. Odin only has one eye.

Scandinavian Óðinn emerged from Proto-Norse *W during the Migration period , artwork of this time (on gold bracteates ) depicting the earliest scenes that can be aligned with the High Medieval Norse mythological texts. The context of the new elites emerging in this period aligns with Snorri 's tale of the indigenous Vanir who were eventually replaced by the Æsir , intruders from the Continent.[1]


Parallels between Odin and Celtic Lugus have often been pointed out: both are intellectual gods, commanding magic and poetry. Both have ravens and a spear as their attributes, and both are one-eyed. Julius Caesar (de bello Gallico, 6.17.1) mentions Mercury as the chief god of Celtic religion . A likely context of the diffusion of elements of Celtic ritual into Germanic culture is that of the Chatti , who lived at the Celtic-Germanic boundary in Hesse during the final centuries before the Common Era. (It must be remembered that Odin in his Proto-Germanic form was not the chief god, but that he only gradually replaced Týr during the Migration period .)

Prose Edda

Odin had three residences in Asgard. First was Gladsheim , a vast hall where he presided over the twelve Diar or Judges, whom he had appointed to regulate the affairs of Asgard. Second, Valaskjálf , built of solid silver , in which there was an elevated place, Hlidskjalf , from his throne on which he could perceive all that passed throughout the whole earth. Third was Valhalla (the hall of the fallen), where Odin received the souls of the warriors killed in battle, called the Einherjar . The souls of women warriors, and those strong and beautiful women whom Odin favored, became Valkyries , who gather the souls of warriors fallen in battle (the Einherjar ), as these would be needed to fight for him in the battle of Ragnarök . They took the souls of the warriors to Valhalla. Valhalla has five hundred and forty gates, and a vast hall of gold , hung around with golden shields, and spears and coats of mail.

Odin has a number of magical artifacts associated with him: the spear Gungnir , which never misses its target; a magical gold ring (Draupnir ), from which every ninth night eight new rings appear; and two ravens Huginn and Muninn (Thought and Memory ), who fly around Earth daily and report the happenings of the world to Odin in Valhalla at night. He also owned Sleipnir , an octopedal horse , who was given to Odin by Loki , and the severed head of Mímir , which foretold the future. He also commands a pair of wolves named Geri and Freki , to whom he gives his food in Valhalla since he consumes nothing but mead or wine. From his throne, Hlidskjalf (located in Valaskjalf ), Odin could see everything that occurred in the universe . The Valknut (slain warrior's knot) is a symbol associated with Odin. It consists of three interlaced triangles.

Odin is an ambivalent deity. Old Norse (Viking Age ) connotations of Odin lie with "poetry, inspiration" as well as with "fury, madness and the wanderer." Odin sacrificed his eye (which eye he sacrificed is unclear) at Mímir 's spring in order to gain the Wisdom of Ages. Odin gives to worthy poets the mead of inspiration, made by the dwarfs, from the vessel Óð-rœrir.[2]


Odin is associated with the concept of the Wild Hunt , a noisy, bellowing movement across the sky, leading a host of slain warriors.

Consistent with this, Snorri Sturluson 's Prose Edda depicts Odin as welcoming the great, dead warriors who have died in battle into his hall, Valhalla , which, when literally interpreted, signifies the hall of the slain. The fallen, the einherjar , are assembled and entertained by Odin in order that they in return might fight for, and support, the gods in the final battle of the end of Earth, Ragnarök . Snorri also wrote that Freyja receives half of the fallen in her hall Folkvang .

He is also a god of war, appearing throughout Norse myth as the bringer of victory.[citations needed ] In the Norse sagas , Odin sometimes acts as the instigator of wars, and is said to have been able to start wars by simply throwing down his spear Gungnir , and/or sending his valkyries , to influence the battle toward the end that he desires. The Valkyries are Odin's beautiful battle maidens that went out to the fields of war to select and collect the worthy men who died in battle to come and sit at Odin's table in Valhalla, feasting and battling until they had to fight in the final battle, Ragnarök . Odin would also appear on the battle-field, sitting upon his eight-legged horse Sleipnir , with his two ravens, one on each shoulder, Hugin (Thought) and Munin (Memory) , and two wolves (Geri and Freki ) on each side of him.

Odin is also associated with trickery, cunning , and deception. Most sagas have tales of Odin using his cunning to overcome adversaries and achieve his goals, such as swindling the blood of Kvasir from the dwarves .

Odin married Freya, [Mythological].^{8 9} Freya was born about 219 in <Asgard or Asia or East Europe>. Other names for Freya were Frea, Freia, Freyja, and Friege.

Research Notes: Mythological wife of Odin.

From Wikipedia - Freyja :

Freyja (sometimes anglicized as Freya), cognate to Sanskrit Priya , is a major goddess in Norse Paganism , a subset of Germanic Paganism . Because the documented source of this religious tradition, the Norse Mythology , was transmitted and altered by Christian medieval historians,[1][2][3] the actual role, heathen practices and worship of the goddess are uncertain.

In the Eddas , Freya is portrayed as a goddess of love [4], beauty [4], and fertility [4]. Blonde,[5] blue-eyed,[6] and beautiful,[4] Freyja is described as the fairest of all goddesses,[7] and people prayed to her for happiness in love.[8] She was also called on to assist childbirths[9] and prayed to for good seasons.[10]

Freyja was also associated with war , battle , death , magic , prophecy , and wealth . She is cited as receiving half of the dead lost in battle in her hall Fólkvangr , whereas Odin would receive the other half at Valhalla .[11] The origin of Seid was ascribed to Freyja.[12][13]

Frigg and Freyja are the two principal goddesses in Norse religion,[14] and described as the highest amongst the Asynjur .[15] Freyja is the goddess most honoured after or along with Frigg, and her worship seems to have been even the more prevalent and important of the two.[16] In the Droplaugarsona Saga , it is described that in a temple at Ölvusvatn, Iceland , statues of Frigg and Freyja have been seated upon higher thrones opposite those of Thor and Freyr. These statues were arrayed in drapery and ornaments of gold and silver.

In Heimskringla , Freyja is also presented as a mythological Princess of Sweden . Her father Njörðr is seen as the second mythological King of Sweden , and her brother Freyr is the third. Freyr and Freyja's mother is Njörðr's sister (who has been often linked to the ancient Germanic goddess Nerthus [17]), as it is a custom of the Vanir and allowed by their laws.[12]
Further in Heimskringla, it is written that many temples and statues of native pagan gods and goddesses were raided and destroyed by Olaf Tryggvason and Saint Olaf during the gradual and violent process of the Christianization of Scandinavia . During and after the extent that the process of Christianization was complete, Freyja and many things associated with her were demonized [18] by the growing influence of Christian missionaries. After Christian influence was cemented in law, traces of belief went increasingly underground into mainly rural areas, surviving into modern times in Germanic folklore and most recently reconstructed to varying degrees in Germanic neopaganism .

Etymology
The names Freyr and Freyja come from Germanic words meaning "the Lord" and "the Lady" respectively (Germanic cognates include Gothic Fráuja "lord, master", Fráujo "lady, mistress", Old Norse Frú "mistress, lady, woman", Danish Frue, Swedish Fru, German Frau "miss, woman, wife", Old High German Frouwa, Dutch Vrouw "woman", Frisian Frou "woman", Anglo-Saxon Freo, Frea).[16] Like the French word "Dame" (from Latin "domina"), whose masculine form (Latin "dominus") had perished, the meaning of "Lord" is also no longer in use, while the title "Frau" still survives today in many Germanic languages.

Appearances in Myths
Freyja appears in many myths recorded in the Prose Edda.

Divine twins born after the war of the gods: The war between the Æsir and the Vanir was ignited by the ill treatments of the Æsir to Gullveig, as written in Völuspá . The war ended in a peace treaty, and both sides exchanged hostages. Njörðr was chosen by the Vanir, and sent from Vanaheim to Asgard where he later begot two fair children, as written in Gylfaginning (23 & 24):

The feast of the Æsir : When Ægir came to Asgard, the Æsir invited him in to their banquet. Many gods and goddesses are mentioned here: "And in the high-seats sat them down those twelve Æsir who were appointed to be judges; these were their names: Thor , Njörðr, Freyr, Týr , Heimdallr, Bragi , Vidar , Váli , Ullr , Hœnir , Forseti , Loki; and in like manner the Asynjur: Frigg, Freyja, Gefjun , Iðunn , Gerd , Sigyn , Fulla, Nanna ... The man seated next to Ægir was Bragi, and they took part together in drinking and in converse: Bragi told Ægir of many things which had come to pass among the Æsir." (Skáldskaparmál (1))

The robbery of Brísingamen : The skaldic poem Húsdrápa partially preserved in Skáldskaparmál relates the story of the theft of Brísingamen by Loki: "One day when Freyja wakes up and finds Brísingamen missing, she enlists the help of Heimdallr to help her search for it. Eventually they find the thief, who turns out to be Loki who has transformed himself into a seal. Heimdallr turns into a seal as well and fights Loki. After a lengthy battle at Singasteinn , Heimdallr wins and returns Brísingamen to Freyja." The rivalry of Loki and Heimdallr for Brísingamen is an important event, as they are destined to fight again and slay each other at the end of Ragnarök . Snorri quoted this poem, saying that because of that legend, Heimdallr is called "Seeker of Brísingamen" and Loki is called "Thief of Brísingamen": "How should one periphrase Heimdallr ? By calling him Son of Nine Mothers, or Watchman of the Gods [...] or White God, Foe of Loki, Seeker of Freyja's Necklace [...] Heimdallr is the Possessor of Gulltoppr; he is also Frequenter of Vágasker and Singasteinn, where he contended with Loki for the Necklace Brísingamen, he is also called Vindlér." (Skáldskaparmál (8)) "How should one periphrase Loki ? [...] Thief of the Giants, of the Goat, of Brísingamen, and of Iðunn's Apples, Kinsman of Sleipnir, Husband of Sigyn, Foe of the Gods, Harmer of Sif's Hair, Forger of Evil, the Sly God." (Skáldskaparmál (16))

This myth, which takes place at the sea, is maybe related to the origin of Freyja's name "Mardöll" (Sea-Bright), the bright here is maybe the glittering of the stolen Brísingamen (brísinga means "glittering, twinkling, flaming"). In Heimdallr 's name, the word dallr (light) is masculine of döll, and heim means "earth" or "land" (cf. Vanaheim , Alfheim ). This is maybe one of the lost tales of Freyja's journey in search for her husband (as Snorri wrote: "She has a great variety of names, for having gone over many countries in search of Óðr , each people gave her a different name".)[21] In Gesta Danorum is another story of a beautiful woman named Sýr (Latinized as Syritha) seeking for Óðr/Óttar (Latinized as Otharus).[16][21]

The owner of Svadilfari : This giant came to offer to build a citidel for the gods in three seasons. He demanded to marry fair Freyja, also the sun and the moon as his rewards. Following Loki's ill advice, the gods accepted the deal, but they later urged Loki to deceive the giant to protect Freyja. Loki turned into a mare and seduced Svadilfari, the huge steed of the giant. Without his horse, the giant could not complete his job, he was enraged, insulted the gods, and eventually got slain by Thor before the deal was completed. Loki's prank ultimately backfired on him, and he bore the son of the horse Svadilfari, Sleipnir . (Gylfaginning (42))

The abduction of Iðunn : The giant Thjazi captured Loki and forced him to lure Iðunn out to kidnap her along with the golden apples. Without the apples of youth, the gods grew old and they soon found out that Iðunn was missing. She was last seen going with Loki, so they cornered the giant and threathened to slay him. Loki had to borrow the hawk's plumage of Freyja to go and free Iðunn. Thjazi chased after them in eagle form, but he was roasted by the gods' fire. Thjazi is father of Skaði , who later became Freyr and Freyja's stepmother. Skaði's march to Asgard for vengeance ended in a marriage with Njörðr. (Skáldskaparmál (1))

Thor 's duel: After his race with Odin, which he lost, the champion of the giants, Hrungnir , came to Asgard. Thor is absent, so he boasted that he would destroy Valhalla , slay all the gods, and take Freyja and Sif home with him. Of all goddesses, Freyja alone was brave enough to stand and pour ale for the giant to waste time while Thor is summoned. The god of thunder, with the help of his clever servant Þjálfi , later slew Hrungnir in a duel, but Thor himself was struck by the giant's horn and also wounded. This is one of the reasons why the Hill Giants are amongst the gods' enemies at the final battle. (Skáldskaparmál (17))

Baldur 's funeral: Baldur, the best of the Æsir, can not be harmed by anything. Loki turned himself into a woman to trick Frigg into revealing that Baldur can only be hurt by the mistletoes. Loki then tricked the blind god Hödr to shoot his brother with a mistletoe twig, thus Baldur was murdered by the evil giant Loki's trickery. "People of many races visited this burning. First is to be told of Odin, how Frigg and the Valkyries went with him, and his ravens; but Freyr drove in his chariot with the boar called Gold-Mane, or Fearful-Tusk, and Heimdallr rode the horse called Gold-Top, and Freyja drove in her chariot drawn by cats..." (Gylfaginning (49))

Homologues
It has been proposed that Freyja may be the most direct mythological descendant from Nerthus .[17] Nerthus, a goddess associated with a number of Germanic tribes as described by Tacitus in the 1 AD in his work Germania , is sometimes identified with Njörðr through etymological connections. The first name is the exact older linguistical stage of the latter. Njörðr married his sister; they have a son, Freyr, and a daughter, Freyja. This secondary pair of deities may be an "emanation" of the first.[54] Like Freyja's chariot, the early Germanic goddess Nerthus was also often described as riding a wagon.

Britt-Mari Näsström posits in her "Freyja: the Great Goddess of the North" that there is a tenable connection from Freyja to other goddesses worshiped along the migration path of the Indo-Europeans who consistently appeared with either one or two cats/lions as companions, usually in the war goddess aspect but occasionally also as a love goddess. These would include: Durga , Ereshkegal , Sekhmet , Menhit , Bast , Anat , Asherah , Nana , Cybele , Rhea , and others.[55]

The child from this marriage was:

+ 7 M    i. Skjöldr, King of Denmark [Legendary] ^{10 11} was born about 237 in <Hleithra, Denmark>.

  Seventh Generation  

7. Skjöldr, King of Denmark [Legendary] ^{10 11} (Odin, [Mythological]⁶, Frithuwald, [Mythological]⁵, Freothalaf, [Mythological]⁴, Finn, [Mythological]³, Flocwald, [Mythological]², Godwulf, [Mythological]¹) was born about 237 in <Hleithra, Denmark>. Other names for Skjöldr were Skioldus and Skjold King of the Danes.

Research Notes: First legendary Danish king, supposedly the son of Odin and Friege.

From Wikipedia - Skjöldr :

Skjöldr (Latinized as Skioldus, sometimes Anglicized as Skjold or Skiold) was among the first legendary Danish kings . He is mentioned in the Prose Edda , in Ynglinga saga , in Chronicon Lethrense , in Sven Aggesen 's history, in Arngrímur Jónsson 's Latin abstract of the lost Skjöldunga saga and in Saxo Grammaticus ' Gesta Danorum . Under the name Scyld he also appears in the Old English poem Beowulf . The various accounts have little in common.
In the Skjöldunga and the Ynglinga sagas , Odin came from Asia and conquered Northern Europe. He gave Sweden to his son Yngvi and Denmark to his son Skjöldr. Since then the kings of Sweden were called Ynglings and those of Denmark Skjöldungs (Scyldings ).

Skjöldr married Gefion.¹² Gefion was born in <Hleithra, Denmark>.

The child from this marriage was:

+ 8 M    i. Fridleif Skjoldsson ¹³ was born about 259 in <Hleithra, Denmark>.

  Eighth Generation  

8. Fridleif Skjoldsson ¹³ (Skjöldr, King of Denmark [Legendary]⁷, Odin, [Mythological]⁶, Frithuwald, [Mythological]⁵, Freothalaf, [Mythological]⁴, Finn, [Mythological]³, Flocwald, [Mythological]², Godwulf, [Mythological]¹) was born about 259 in <Hleithra, Denmark>.

Research Notes: Supposed the grandson of Odin, but I doubt it. Either it's mythical or Odin was not a god.

Fridleif married someone.

His child was:

+ 9 M    i. Frodi Fridleifsson ¹⁴ was born about 281 in <Hleithra, Denmark>.

  Ninth Generation  

9. Frodi Fridleifsson ¹⁴ (Fridleif⁸, Skjöldr, King of Denmark [Legendary]⁷, Odin, [Mythological]⁶, Frithuwald, [Mythological]⁵, Freothalaf, [Mythological]⁴, Finn, [Mythological]³, Flocwald, [Mythological]², Godwulf, [Mythological]¹) was born about 281 in <Hleithra, Denmark>.

Frodi married someone.

His child was:

+ 10 M    i. Fridleif Frodasson ¹⁵ was born about 303 in Hleithra, Denmark.

  Tenth Generation  

10. Fridleif Frodasson ¹⁵ (Frodi⁹, Fridleif⁸, Skjöldr, King of Denmark [Legendary]⁷, Odin, [Mythological]⁶, Frithuwald, [Mythological]⁵, Freothalaf, [Mythological]⁴, Finn, [Mythological]³, Flocwald, [Mythological]², Godwulf, [Mythological]¹) was born about 303 in Hleithra, Denmark.

Fridleif married someone.

His child was:

+ 11 M    i. Havar Fridleifsson ¹⁶ was born about 325 in Denmark.

  11th Generation  

11. Havar Fridleifsson ¹⁶ (Fridleif¹⁰, Frodi⁹, Fridleif⁸, Skjöldr, King of Denmark [Legendary]⁷, Odin, [Mythological]⁶, Frithuwald, [Mythological]⁵, Freothalaf, [Mythological]⁴, Finn, [Mythological]³, Flocwald, [Mythological]², Godwulf, [Mythological]¹) was born about 325 in Denmark.

Havar married someone.

His child was:

+ 12 M    i. Frodi Havarsson ¹⁷ was born about 347 in Denmark.

  12th Generation  

12. Frodi Havarsson ¹⁷ (Havar¹¹, Fridleif¹⁰, Frodi⁹, Fridleif⁸, Skjöldr, King of Denmark [Legendary]⁷, Odin, [Mythological]⁶, Frithuwald, [Mythological]⁵, Freothalaf, [Mythological]⁴, Finn, [Mythological]³, Flocwald, [Mythological]², Godwulf, [Mythological]¹) was born about 347 in Denmark.

Frodi married someone.

His child was:

+ 13 M    i. Vermund Frodasson ¹⁸ was born about 369 in Denmark.

  13th Generation  

13. Vermund Frodasson ¹⁸ (Frodi¹², Havar¹¹, Fridleif¹⁰, Frodi⁹, Fridleif⁸, Skjöldr, King of Denmark [Legendary]⁷, Odin, [Mythological]⁶, Frithuwald, [Mythological]⁵, Freothalaf, [Mythological]⁴, Finn, [Mythological]³, Flocwald, [Mythological]², Godwulf, [Mythological]¹) was born about 369 in Denmark.

Vermund married someone.

His child was:

+ 14 M    i. Olaf Vermundsson ¹⁹ was born about 391 in Denmark.

  14th Generation  

14. Olaf Vermundsson ¹⁹ (Vermund¹³, Frodi¹², Havar¹¹, Fridleif¹⁰, Frodi⁹, Fridleif⁸, Skjöldr, King of Denmark [Legendary]⁷, Odin, [Mythological]⁶, Frithuwald, [Mythological]⁵, Freothalaf, [Mythological]⁴, Finn, [Mythological]³, Flocwald, [Mythological]², Godwulf, [Mythological]¹) was born about 391 in Denmark.

Olaf married Danpi ²⁰ about 411 in Denmark. Danpi was born about 395 in <Denmark>.

The child from this marriage was:

+ 15 M    i. Dan Olafsson ²¹ was born about 412 in Denmark.

  15th Generation  

15. Dan Olafsson ²¹ (Olaf¹⁴, Vermund¹³, Frodi¹², Havar¹¹, Fridleif¹⁰, Frodi⁹, Fridleif⁸, Skjöldr, King of Denmark [Legendary]⁷, Odin, [Mythological]⁶, Frithuwald, [Mythological]⁵, Freothalaf, [Mythological]⁴, Finn, [Mythological]³, Flocwald, [Mythological]², Godwulf, [Mythological]¹) was born about 412 in Denmark.

Dan married someone.

His child was:

+ 16 M    i. Frodi Dansson ²² was born in 433 in Denmark.

  16th Generation  

16. Frodi Dansson ²² (Dan¹⁵, Olaf¹⁴, Vermund¹³, Frodi¹², Havar¹¹, Fridleif¹⁰, Frodi⁹, Fridleif⁸, Skjöldr, King of Denmark [Legendary]⁷, Odin, [Mythological]⁶, Frithuwald, [Mythological]⁵, Freothalaf, [Mythological]⁴, Finn, [Mythological]³, Flocwald, [Mythological]², Godwulf, [Mythological]¹) was born in 433 in Denmark.

Frodi married someone.

His children were:

+ 17 M    i. Halfdan Frodasson ²³ was born about 454 in Denmark.

+ 18 M    ii. Fridleif Frodasson ²⁴ was born about 456 in Denmark.

  17th Generation  

17. Halfdan Frodasson ²³ (Frodi¹⁶, Dan¹⁵, Olaf¹⁴, Vermund¹³, Frodi¹², Havar¹¹, Fridleif¹⁰, Frodi⁹, Fridleif⁸, Skjöldr, King of Denmark [Legendary]⁷, Odin, [Mythological]⁶, Frithuwald, [Mythological]⁵, Freothalaf, [Mythological]⁴, Finn, [Mythological]³, Flocwald, [Mythological]², Godwulf, [Mythological]¹) was born about 454 in Denmark.

18. Fridleif Frodasson ²⁴ (Frodi¹⁶, Dan¹⁵, Olaf¹⁴, Vermund¹³, Frodi¹², Havar¹¹, Fridleif¹⁰, Frodi⁹, Fridleif⁸, Skjöldr, King of Denmark [Legendary]⁷, Odin, [Mythological]⁶, Frithuwald, [Mythological]⁵, Freothalaf, [Mythological]⁴, Finn, [Mythological]³, Flocwald, [Mythological]², Godwulf, [Mythological]¹) was born about 456 in Denmark.

Fridleif married someone.

His child was:

+ 19 M    i. Frodi Fridleifsson ²⁵ was born about 479 in Denmark.

  18th Generation  

19. Frodi Fridleifsson ²⁵ (Fridleif¹⁸, Frodi¹⁶, Dan¹⁵, Olaf¹⁴, Vermund¹³, Frodi¹², Havar¹¹, Fridleif¹⁰, Frodi⁹, Fridleif⁸, Skjöldr, King of Denmark [Legendary]⁷, Odin, [Mythological]⁶, Frithuwald, [Mythological]⁵, Freothalaf, [Mythological]⁴, Finn, [Mythological]³, Flocwald, [Mythological]², Godwulf, [Mythological]¹) was born about 479 in Denmark.

Frodi married someone.

His children were:

+ 20 M    i. Ingjald Frodasson ²⁰ was born about 501 in <Denmark>.

+ 21 M    ii. Halfdan Frodasson ²⁶ was born about 503 in Denmark.

  19th Generation  

20. Ingjald Frodasson ²⁰ (Frodi¹⁹, Fridleif¹⁸, Frodi¹⁶, Dan¹⁵, Olaf¹⁴, Vermund¹³, Frodi¹², Havar¹¹, Fridleif¹⁰, Frodi⁹, Fridleif⁸, Skjöldr, King of Denmark [Legendary]⁷, Odin, [Mythological]⁶, Frithuwald, [Mythological]⁵, Freothalaf, [Mythological]⁴, Finn, [Mythological]³, Flocwald, [Mythological]², Godwulf, [Mythological]¹) was born about 501 in <Denmark>.

Ingjald married someone.

His child was:

+ 22 M    i. Hraerek "Hnauggvanbaug" Ingjaldsson ²⁰ was born about 533 in <Hleithra, Denmark>.

21. Halfdan Frodasson ²⁶ (Frodi¹⁹, Fridleif¹⁸, Frodi¹⁶, Dan¹⁵, Olaf¹⁴, Vermund¹³, Frodi¹², Havar¹¹, Fridleif¹⁰, Frodi⁹, Fridleif⁸, Skjöldr, King of Denmark [Legendary]⁷, Odin, [Mythological]⁶, Frithuwald, [Mythological]⁵, Freothalaf, [Mythological]⁴, Finn, [Mythological]³, Flocwald, [Mythological]², Godwulf, [Mythological]¹) was born about 503 in Denmark.

Halfdan married Sigris ²⁶ about 523 in Denmark.

Children from this marriage were:

+ 23 M    i. Hroar Halfdansson ²⁷ was born about 526 in <Roskilde, Denmark>.

+ 24 M    ii. Helgi Halfdansson ²⁸ was born about 528 in Denmark.

  20th Generation  

22. Hraerek "Hnauggvanbaug" Ingjaldsson ²⁰ (Ingjald²⁰, Frodi¹⁹, Fridleif¹⁸, Frodi¹⁶, Dan¹⁵, Olaf¹⁴, Vermund¹³, Frodi¹², Havar¹¹, Fridleif¹⁰, Frodi⁹, Fridleif⁸, Skjöldr, King of Denmark [Legendary]⁷, Odin, [Mythological]⁶, Frithuwald, [Mythological]⁵, Freothalaf, [Mythological]⁴, Finn, [Mythological]³, Flocwald, [Mythological]², Godwulf, [Mythological]¹) was born about 533 in <Hleithra, Denmark>.

Hraerek married someone.

His child was:

+ 25 M    i. Frodi Hraereksson ²⁰ was born about 565 in <Hleithra, Denmark>.

23. Hroar Halfdansson ²⁷ (Halfdan²¹, Frodi¹⁹, Fridleif¹⁸, Frodi¹⁶, Dan¹⁵, Olaf¹⁴, Vermund¹³, Frodi¹², Havar¹¹, Fridleif¹⁰, Frodi⁹, Fridleif⁸, Skjöldr, King of Denmark [Legendary]⁷, Odin, [Mythological]⁶, Frithuwald, [Mythological]⁵, Freothalaf, [Mythological]⁴, Finn, [Mythological]³, Flocwald, [Mythological]², Godwulf, [Mythological]¹) was born about 526 in <Roskilde, Denmark>.

Hroar married Ogne, Princess of Northumberland,²⁷ daughter of Norbrii, King of Northumberland and Unknown, about 546 in Denmark. Ogne was born about 530 in <Northumberland, England>.

The child from this marriage was:

+ 26 M    i. Valdar Hroarsson ²⁷ was born about 547 in <Denmark>.

24. Helgi Halfdansson ²⁸ (Halfdan²¹, Frodi¹⁹, Fridleif¹⁸, Frodi¹⁶, Dan¹⁵, Olaf¹⁴, Vermund¹³, Frodi¹², Havar¹¹, Fridleif¹⁰, Frodi⁹, Fridleif⁸, Skjöldr, King of Denmark [Legendary]⁷, Odin, [Mythological]⁶, Frithuwald, [Mythological]⁵, Freothalaf, [Mythological]⁴, Finn, [Mythological]³, Flocwald, [Mythological]², Godwulf, [Mythological]¹) was born about 528 in Denmark.

Helgi married someone.

His child was:

+ 27 F    i. Yrsa Helgasson ²⁹ was born about 565 in <Denmark>.

  21st Generation  

25. Frodi Hraereksson ²⁰ (Hraerek "Hnauggvanbaug"²², Ingjald²⁰, Frodi¹⁹, Fridleif¹⁸, Frodi¹⁶, Dan¹⁵, Olaf¹⁴, Vermund¹³, Frodi¹², Havar¹¹, Fridleif¹⁰, Frodi⁹, Fridleif⁸, Skjöldr, King of Denmark [Legendary]⁷, Odin, [Mythological]⁶, Frithuwald, [Mythological]⁵, Freothalaf, [Mythological]⁴, Finn, [Mythological]³, Flocwald, [Mythological]², Godwulf, [Mythological]¹) was born about 565 in <Hleithra, Denmark>.

Frodi married someone.

His child was:

+ 28 M    i. Halfdan Frodasson ²⁰ was born about 597 in <Hleithra, Denmark>.

26. Valdar Hroarsson ²⁷ (Hroar²³, Halfdan²¹, Frodi¹⁹, Fridleif¹⁸, Frodi¹⁶, Dan¹⁵, Olaf¹⁴, Vermund¹³, Frodi¹², Havar¹¹, Fridleif¹⁰, Frodi⁹, Fridleif⁸, Skjöldr, King of Denmark [Legendary]⁷, Odin, [Mythological]⁶, Frithuwald, [Mythological]⁵, Freothalaf, [Mythological]⁴, Finn, [Mythological]³, Flocwald, [Mythological]², Godwulf, [Mythological]¹) was born about 547 in <Denmark>.

Valdar married someone.

His child was:

+ 29 M    i. Harald Valdarsson ²⁷ was born about 568 in <Jutland, Denmark>.

27. Yrsa Helgasson ²⁹ (Helgi²⁴, Halfdan²¹, Frodi¹⁹, Fridleif¹⁸, Frodi¹⁶, Dan¹⁵, Olaf¹⁴, Vermund¹³, Frodi¹², Havar¹¹, Fridleif¹⁰, Frodi⁹, Fridleif⁸, Skjöldr, King of Denmark [Legendary]⁷, Odin, [Mythological]⁶, Frithuwald, [Mythological]⁵, Freothalaf, [Mythological]⁴, Finn, [Mythological]³, Flocwald, [Mythological]², Godwulf, [Mythological]¹) was born about 565 in <Denmark>.

Yrsa married Adils Ottarsson,³⁰ son of Ottar Egilsson and Unknown,. Adils was born about 572 in <Sweden>.

The child from this marriage was:

+ 30 M    i. Eystein Adilsson ³¹ was born about 594 in <Sweden>.

  22nd Generation  

28. Halfdan Frodasson ²⁰ (Frodi²⁵, Hraerek "Hnauggvanbaug"²², Ingjald²⁰, Frodi¹⁹, Fridleif¹⁸, Frodi¹⁶, Dan¹⁵, Olaf¹⁴, Vermund¹³, Frodi¹², Havar¹¹, Fridleif¹⁰, Frodi⁹, Fridleif⁸, Skjöldr, King of Denmark [Legendary]⁷, Odin, [Mythological]⁶, Frithuwald, [Mythological]⁵, Freothalaf, [Mythological]⁴, Finn, [Mythological]³, Flocwald, [Mythological]², Godwulf, [Mythological]¹) was born about 597 in <Hleithra, Denmark>.

Halfdan married someone.

His child was:

+ 31 M    i. Hraerek "Slaunvanbauga" Halfdansson ²⁰ was born about 629 in <Am, Denmark>.

29. Harald Valdarsson ²⁷ (Valdar²⁶, Hroar²³, Halfdan²¹, Frodi¹⁹, Fridleif¹⁸, Frodi¹⁶, Dan¹⁵, Olaf¹⁴, Vermund¹³, Frodi¹², Havar¹¹, Fridleif¹⁰, Frodi⁹, Fridleif⁸, Skjöldr, King of Denmark [Legendary]⁷, Odin, [Mythological]⁶, Frithuwald, [Mythological]⁵, Freothalaf, [Mythological]⁴, Finn, [Mythological]³, Flocwald, [Mythological]², Godwulf, [Mythological]¹) was born about 568 in <Jutland, Denmark>.

Harald married Hildur Heidreksdatter,²⁷ daughter of Heidrek "Ulfhamr" Angantyrsson and Amfleda "the Younger", about 589 in <Jutland, Denmark>. Hildur was born about 572 in <Jutland, Denmark>. Other names for Hildur were Hervor Heidreksdatter and Hildis Heidreksdatter.

The child from this marriage was:

+ 32 M    i. Halfdan Haraldsson, King in Sweden ²⁷ was born about 590 in <Jutland, Denmark> and died about 650 about age 60.

30. Eystein Adilsson ³¹ (Yrsa Helgasson²⁷, Helgi²⁴, Halfdan²¹, Frodi¹⁹, Fridleif¹⁸, Frodi¹⁶, Dan¹⁵, Olaf¹⁴, Vermund¹³, Frodi¹², Havar¹¹, Fridleif¹⁰, Frodi⁹, Fridleif⁸, Skjöldr, King of Denmark [Legendary]⁷, Odin, [Mythological]⁶, Frithuwald, [Mythological]⁵, Freothalaf, [Mythological]⁴, Finn, [Mythological]³, Flocwald, [Mythological]², Godwulf, [Mythological]¹) was born about 594 in <Sweden>.

Eystein married someone.

His child was:

+ 33 M    i. Ingvar Eysteinsson ³² was born about 616 in <Sweden>.

  23rd Generation  

31. Hraerek "Slaunvanbauga" Halfdansson ²⁰ (Halfdan²⁸, Frodi²⁵, Hraerek "Hnauggvanbaug"²², Ingjald²⁰, Frodi¹⁹, Fridleif¹⁸, Frodi¹⁶, Dan¹⁵, Olaf¹⁴, Vermund¹³, Frodi¹², Havar¹¹, Fridleif¹⁰, Frodi⁹, Fridleif⁸, Skjöldr, King of Denmark [Legendary]⁷, Odin, [Mythological]⁶, Frithuwald, [Mythological]⁵, Freothalaf, [Mythological]⁴, Finn, [Mythological]³, Flocwald, [Mythological]², Godwulf, [Mythological]¹) was born about 629 in <Am, Denmark>.

Hraerek married Aud Ivarsdatter,²⁷ daughter of Ivar "Vidfame" Halfdansson, King in Sweden and Gauthild Alfsdatter, about 654 in Denmark. Aud was born about 633 in <Am, Denmark>.

The child from this marriage was:

+ 34 M    i. Harald "Hilditonn" Hraereksson ²⁰ was born about 655 in <Denmark> and died in 735 about age 80.

32. Halfdan Haraldsson, King in Sweden ²⁷ (Harald²⁹, Valdar²⁶, Hroar²³, Halfdan²¹, Frodi¹⁹, Fridleif¹⁸, Frodi¹⁶, Dan¹⁵, Olaf¹⁴, Vermund¹³, Frodi¹², Havar¹¹, Fridleif¹⁰, Frodi⁹, Fridleif⁸, Skjöldr, King of Denmark [Legendary]⁷, Odin, [Mythological]⁶, Frithuwald, [Mythological]⁵, Freothalaf, [Mythological]⁴, Finn, [Mythological]³, Flocwald, [Mythological]², Godwulf, [Mythological]¹) was born about 590 in <Jutland, Denmark> and died about 650 about age 60.

Halfdan married Moalda "Digri" Kinriksdatter ²⁷ about 611 in Denmark. Moalda was born about 594 in <Jutland, Denmark>.

The child from this marriage was:

+ 35 M    i. Ivar "Vidfame" Halfdansson, King in Sweden ²⁷ was born about 612 in <Denmark> and died in 647 about age 35.

33. Ingvar Eysteinsson ³² (Eystein Adilsson³⁰, Yrsa Helgasson²⁷, Helgi²⁴, Halfdan²¹, Frodi¹⁹, Fridleif¹⁸, Frodi¹⁶, Dan¹⁵, Olaf¹⁴, Vermund¹³, Frodi¹², Havar¹¹, Fridleif¹⁰, Frodi⁹, Fridleif⁸, Skjöldr, King of Denmark [Legendary]⁷, Odin, [Mythological]⁶, Frithuwald, [Mythological]⁵, Freothalaf, [Mythological]⁴, Finn, [Mythological]³, Flocwald, [Mythological]², Godwulf, [Mythological]¹) was born about 616 in <Sweden>.

Ingvar married someone.

His child was:

+ 36 M    i. Braut-Onund Ingvarsson ³³ was born about 638 in <Sweden>.

  24th Generation  

34. Harald "Hilditonn" Hraereksson ²⁰ (Hraerek "Slaunvanbauga"³¹, Halfdan²⁸, Frodi²⁵, Hraerek "Hnauggvanbaug"²², Ingjald²⁰, Frodi¹⁹, Fridleif¹⁸, Frodi¹⁶, Dan¹⁵, Olaf¹⁴, Vermund¹³, Frodi¹², Havar¹¹, Fridleif¹⁰, Frodi⁹, Fridleif⁸, Skjöldr, King of Denmark [Legendary]⁷, Odin, [Mythological]⁶, Frithuwald, [Mythological]⁵, Freothalaf, [Mythological]⁴, Finn, [Mythological]³, Flocwald, [Mythological]², Godwulf, [Mythological]¹) was born about 655 in <Denmark> and died in 735 about age 80.

Harald married someone.

His child was:

+ 37 M    i. Solgi Haraldsson ²⁰ was born about 730 in <Norway>.

35. Ivar "Vidfame" Halfdansson, King in Sweden ²⁷ (Halfdan, King in Sweden³², Harald²⁹, Valdar²⁶, Hroar²³, Halfdan²¹, Frodi¹⁹, Fridleif¹⁸, Frodi¹⁶, Dan¹⁵, Olaf¹⁴, Vermund¹³, Frodi¹², Havar¹¹, Fridleif¹⁰, Frodi⁹, Fridleif⁸, Skjöldr, King of Denmark [Legendary]⁷, Odin, [Mythological]⁶, Frithuwald, [Mythological]⁵, Freothalaf, [Mythological]⁴, Finn, [Mythological]³, Flocwald, [Mythological]², Godwulf, [Mythological]¹) was born about 612 in <Denmark> and died in 647 about age 35.

Ivar married Gauthild Alfsdatter,²⁷ daughter of Alf Olafsson and Unknown, about 632 in Denmark. Gauthild was born about 614 in <Denmark>. Another name for Gauthild was Gyrithe Alfsdatter.

The child from this marriage was:

+ 38 F    i. Aud Ivarsdatter ²⁷ was born about 633 in <Am, Denmark>.

36. Braut-Onund Ingvarsson ³³ (Ingvar Eysteinsson³³, Eystein Adilsson³⁰, Yrsa Helgasson²⁷, Helgi²⁴, Halfdan²¹, Frodi¹⁹, Fridleif¹⁸, Frodi¹⁶, Dan¹⁵, Olaf¹⁴, Vermund¹³, Frodi¹², Havar¹¹, Fridleif¹⁰, Frodi⁹, Fridleif⁸, Skjöldr, King of Denmark [Legendary]⁷, Odin, [Mythological]⁶, Frithuwald, [Mythological]⁵, Freothalaf, [Mythological]⁴, Finn, [Mythological]³, Flocwald, [Mythological]², Godwulf, [Mythological]¹) was born about 638 in <Sweden>.

Braut-Onund married someone.

His child was:

+ 39 M    i. Ingjald Braut-Onundsson ³⁴ was born about 660 in <Sweden>.

  25th Generation  

37. Solgi Haraldsson ²⁰ (Harald "Hilditonn"³⁴, Hraerek "Slaunvanbauga"³¹, Halfdan²⁸, Frodi²⁵, Hraerek "Hnauggvanbaug"²², Ingjald²⁰, Frodi¹⁹, Fridleif¹⁸, Frodi¹⁶, Dan¹⁵, Olaf¹⁴, Vermund¹³, Frodi¹², Havar¹¹, Fridleif¹⁰, Frodi⁹, Fridleif⁸, Skjöldr, King of Denmark [Legendary]⁷, Odin, [Mythological]⁶, Frithuwald, [Mythological]⁵, Freothalaf, [Mythological]⁴, Finn, [Mythological]³, Flocwald, [Mythological]², Godwulf, [Mythological]¹) was born about 730 in <Norway>.

Solgi married someone.

His child was:

+ 40 M    i. Hrolf Solgasson ²⁰ was born about 762 in <Norway>.

38. Aud Ivarsdatter ²⁷ (Ivar "Vidfame", King in Sweden³⁵, Halfdan, King in Sweden³², Harald²⁹, Valdar²⁶, Hroar²³, Halfdan²¹, Frodi¹⁹, Fridleif¹⁸, Frodi¹⁶, Dan¹⁵, Olaf¹⁴, Vermund¹³, Frodi¹², Havar¹¹, Fridleif¹⁰, Frodi⁹, Fridleif⁸, Skjöldr, King of Denmark [Legendary]⁷, Odin, [Mythological]⁶, Frithuwald, [Mythological]⁵, Freothalaf, [Mythological]⁴, Finn, [Mythological]³, Flocwald, [Mythological]², Godwulf, [Mythological]¹) was born about 633 in <Am, Denmark>.

Aud married Radbart, King of Garderige ²⁷ about 669 in Denmark. Radbart was born about 638 in <Garderige, Russia>.

The child from this marriage was:

+ 41 M    i. Randver Radbartsson ²⁷ was born about 670 in <Denmark>.

Aud next married Hraerek "Slaunvanbauga" Halfdansson,²⁰ son of Halfdan Frodasson and Unknown, about 654 in Denmark. Hraerek was born about 629 in <Am, Denmark>.

(Duplicate Line. See Person 31)

39. Ingjald Braut-Onundsson ³⁴ (Braut-Onund Ingvarsson³⁶, Ingvar Eysteinsson³³, Eystein Adilsson³⁰, Yrsa Helgasson²⁷, Helgi²⁴, Halfdan²¹, Frodi¹⁹, Fridleif¹⁸, Frodi¹⁶, Dan¹⁵, Olaf¹⁴, Vermund¹³, Frodi¹², Havar¹¹, Fridleif¹⁰, Frodi⁹, Fridleif⁸, Skjöldr, King of Denmark [Legendary]⁷, Odin, [Mythological]⁶, Frithuwald, [Mythological]⁵, Freothalaf, [Mythological]⁴, Finn, [Mythological]³, Flocwald, [Mythological]², Godwulf, [Mythological]¹) was born about 660 in <Sweden>.

Ingjald married Gauthild Algautsson,³⁵ daughter of Algaut Gautreksson and Unknown,. Gauthild was born about 664 in <Sweden>.

The child from this marriage was:

+ 42 M    i. Olaf Ingjaldsson ³⁶ was born about 682 in <Vaermland, Sweden>.

  26th Generation  

40. Hrolf Solgasson ²⁰ (Solgi³⁷, Harald "Hilditonn"³⁴, Hraerek "Slaunvanbauga"³¹, Halfdan²⁸, Frodi²⁵, Hraerek "Hnauggvanbaug"²², Ingjald²⁰, Frodi¹⁹, Fridleif¹⁸, Frodi¹⁶, Dan¹⁵, Olaf¹⁴, Vermund¹³, Frodi¹², Havar¹¹, Fridleif¹⁰, Frodi⁹, Fridleif⁸, Skjöldr, King of Denmark [Legendary]⁷, Odin, [Mythological]⁶, Frithuwald, [Mythological]⁵, Freothalaf, [Mythological]⁴, Finn, [Mythological]³, Flocwald, [Mythological]², Godwulf, [Mythological]¹) was born about 762 in <Norway>.

Hrolf married someone.

His child was:

+ 43 M    i. Bjarni Hrolfsson ²⁰ was born about 794 in <Amle, Sogn Og Fjordane, Norway> and died about 870 about age 76.

41. Randver Radbartsson ²⁷ (Aud Ivarsdatter³⁸, Ivar "Vidfame", King in Sweden³⁵, Halfdan, King in Sweden³², Harald²⁹, Valdar²⁶, Hroar²³, Halfdan²¹, Frodi¹⁹, Fridleif¹⁸, Frodi¹⁶, Dan¹⁵, Olaf¹⁴, Vermund¹³, Frodi¹², Havar¹¹, Fridleif¹⁰, Frodi⁹, Fridleif⁸, Skjöldr, King of Denmark [Legendary]⁷, Odin, [Mythological]⁶, Frithuwald, [Mythological]⁵, Freothalaf, [Mythological]⁴, Finn, [Mythological]³, Flocwald, [Mythological]², Godwulf, [Mythological]¹) was born about 670 in <Denmark>.

Randver married someone.

His child was:

+ 44 M    i. Sigurd "Ring" Randversson, King in Sweden ²⁷ was born about 730 in <Denmark> and died in 812 about age 82.

42. Olaf Ingjaldsson ³⁶ (Ingjald Braut-Onundsson³⁹, Braut-Onund Ingvarsson³⁶, Ingvar Eysteinsson³³, Eystein Adilsson³⁰, Yrsa Helgasson²⁷, Helgi²⁴, Halfdan²¹, Frodi¹⁹, Fridleif¹⁸, Frodi¹⁶, Dan¹⁵, Olaf¹⁴, Vermund¹³, Frodi¹², Havar¹¹, Fridleif¹⁰, Frodi⁹, Fridleif⁸, Skjöldr, King of Denmark [Legendary]⁷, Odin, [Mythological]⁶, Frithuwald, [Mythological]⁵, Freothalaf, [Mythological]⁴, Finn, [Mythological]³, Flocwald, [Mythological]², Godwulf, [Mythological]¹) was born about 682 in <Vaermland, Sweden>.

  27th Generation  

43. Bjarni Hrolfsson ²⁰ (Hrolf⁴⁰, Solgi³⁷, Harald "Hilditonn"³⁴, Hraerek "Slaunvanbauga"³¹, Halfdan²⁸, Frodi²⁵, Hraerek "Hnauggvanbaug"²², Ingjald²⁰, Frodi¹⁹, Fridleif¹⁸, Frodi¹⁶, Dan¹⁵, Olaf¹⁴, Vermund¹³, Frodi¹², Havar¹¹, Fridleif¹⁰, Frodi⁹, Fridleif⁸, Skjöldr, King of Denmark [Legendary]⁷, Odin, [Mythological]⁶, Frithuwald, [Mythological]⁵, Freothalaf, [Mythological]⁴, Finn, [Mythological]³, Flocwald, [Mythological]², Godwulf, [Mythological]¹) was born about 794 in <Amle, Sogn Og Fjordane, Norway> and died about 870 about age 76.

Bjarni married Hlif Hrolfsdatter,²⁰ daughter of Hrolf Ingjaldsson and Unknown,. Hlif was born about 798 in <Amle, Sogn Og Fjordane, Norway>.

The child from this marriage was:

+ 45 M    i. Eyvind "the Easterling" Bjarnasson ²⁰ was born about 830 in <Amle, Sogn Og Fjordane, Norway> and died in 900 in Iceland about age 70.

44. Sigurd "Ring" Randversson, King in Sweden ²⁷ (Randver Radbartsson⁴¹, Aud Ivarsdatter³⁸, Ivar "Vidfame", King in Sweden³⁵, Halfdan, King in Sweden³², Harald²⁹, Valdar²⁶, Hroar²³, Halfdan²¹, Frodi¹⁹, Fridleif¹⁸, Frodi¹⁶, Dan¹⁵, Olaf¹⁴, Vermund¹³, Frodi¹², Havar¹¹, Fridleif¹⁰, Frodi⁹, Fridleif⁸, Skjöldr, King of Denmark [Legendary]⁷, Odin, [Mythological]⁶, Frithuwald, [Mythological]⁵, Freothalaf, [Mythological]⁴, Finn, [Mythological]³, Flocwald, [Mythological]², Godwulf, [Mythological]¹) was born about 730 in <Denmark> and died in 812 about age 82.

Sigurd married Alfhild Gandolfsdatter,²⁷ daughter of Gandolf Alfgeirsson, King in Norway and Unknown, about 759 in Uppsala, Uppsala, Sweden. Alfhild was born about 735 in <Denmark>.

The child from this marriage was:

+ 46 M    i. Ragnar "Lodbrok" Sigurdsson ²⁷ was born about 765 in <Uppsala, Uppsala, Sweden> and died about 845 in <England> about age 80.

  28th Generation  

45. Eyvind "the Easterling" Bjarnasson ²⁰ (Bjarni⁴³, Hrolf⁴⁰, Solgi³⁷, Harald "Hilditonn"³⁴, Hraerek "Slaunvanbauga"³¹, Halfdan²⁸, Frodi²⁵, Hraerek "Hnauggvanbaug"²², Ingjald²⁰, Frodi¹⁹, Fridleif¹⁸, Frodi¹⁶, Dan¹⁵, Olaf¹⁴, Vermund¹³, Frodi¹², Havar¹¹, Fridleif¹⁰, Frodi⁹, Fridleif⁸, Skjöldr, King of Denmark [Legendary]⁷, Odin, [Mythological]⁶, Frithuwald, [Mythological]⁵, Freothalaf, [Mythological]⁴, Finn, [Mythological]³, Flocwald, [Mythological]², Godwulf, [Mythological]¹) was born about 830 in <Amle, Sogn Og Fjordane, Norway> and died in 900 in Iceland about age 70. Another name for Eyvind was Eyvind "Austmann"" Bjarnasson.

Eyvind married Rafertach MacCearbhall,²⁰ daughter of Cearbhall MacDunghal and Unknown, about 845 in Amle, Sogn Og Fjordane, Norway. Rafertach was born about 830 in <Ireland>. Another name for Rafertach was Rafarta MacCearbhall.

The child from this marriage was:

+ 47 F    i. Thurid Eyvindsdatter ²⁰ was born about 847 in <Amle, Sogn Og Fjordane, Norway>.

46. Ragnar "Lodbrok" Sigurdsson ²⁷ (Sigurd "Ring" Randversson, King in Sweden⁴⁴, Randver Radbartsson⁴¹, Aud Ivarsdatter³⁸, Ivar "Vidfame", King in Sweden³⁵, Halfdan, King in Sweden³², Harald²⁹, Valdar²⁶, Hroar²³, Halfdan²¹, Frodi¹⁹, Fridleif¹⁸, Frodi¹⁶, Dan¹⁵, Olaf¹⁴, Vermund¹³, Frodi¹², Havar¹¹, Fridleif¹⁰, Frodi⁹, Fridleif⁸, Skjöldr, King of Denmark [Legendary]⁷, Odin, [Mythological]⁶, Frithuwald, [Mythological]⁵, Freothalaf, [Mythological]⁴, Finn, [Mythological]³, Flocwald, [Mythological]², Godwulf, [Mythological]¹) was born about 765 in <Uppsala, Uppsala, Sweden> and died about 845 in <England> about age 80.

Ragnar married Aslaug Sigurdsdatter,²⁷ daughter of Sigurd "Fafnisbana" Sigmundsson and Brynhild Budlasdatter, about 783 in Denmark. Aslaug was born about 765 in <Denmark>.

Children from this marriage were:

+ 48 M    i. Bjorn "Ironside" Ragnarsson ³⁷ was born about 777 in <Denmark>.

+ 49 M    ii. Sigurd "Snake-Eye" Ragnarsson ²⁷ was born about 786 in <Denmark>.

  29th Generation  

47. Thurid Eyvindsdatter ²⁰ (Eyvind "the Easterling"⁴⁵, Bjarni⁴³, Hrolf⁴⁰, Solgi³⁷, Harald "Hilditonn"³⁴, Hraerek "Slaunvanbauga"³¹, Halfdan²⁸, Frodi²⁵, Hraerek "Hnauggvanbaug"²², Ingjald²⁰, Frodi¹⁹, Fridleif¹⁸, Frodi¹⁶, Dan¹⁵, Olaf¹⁴, Vermund¹³, Frodi¹², Havar¹¹, Fridleif¹⁰, Frodi⁹, Fridleif⁸, Skjöldr, King of Denmark [Legendary]⁷, Odin, [Mythological]⁶, Frithuwald, [Mythological]⁵, Freothalaf, [Mythological]⁴, Finn, [Mythological]³, Flocwald, [Mythological]², Godwulf, [Mythological]¹) was born about 847 in <Amle, Sogn Og Fjordane, Norway>.

Thurid married Thorstein "the Red" Olafsson,²⁷ son of Olaf "the White" Ingjaldsson, King of Ireland and Aud "Deep Minded" Ketilsdatter, about 868 in Dala, Iceland. Thorstein was born about 858 in <Dublin, Dublin, Ireland> and died in 888 in Hvammi, Dala, Iceland about age 30.

The child from this marriage was:

+ 50 F    i. Groa Thorsteinsdatter ²⁷ was born about 873 in <Hvammi, Dala, Iceland>.

48. Bjorn "Ironside" Ragnarsson ³⁷ (Ragnar "Lodbrok" Sigurdsson⁴⁶, Sigurd "Ring" Randversson, King in Sweden⁴⁴, Randver Radbartsson⁴¹, Aud Ivarsdatter³⁸, Ivar "Vidfame", King in Sweden³⁵, Halfdan, King in Sweden³², Harald²⁹, Valdar²⁶, Hroar²³, Halfdan²¹, Frodi¹⁹, Fridleif¹⁸, Frodi¹⁶, Dan¹⁵, Olaf¹⁴, Vermund¹³, Frodi¹², Havar¹¹, Fridleif¹⁰, Frodi⁹, Fridleif⁸, Skjöldr, King of Denmark [Legendary]⁷, Odin, [Mythological]⁶, Frithuwald, [Mythological]⁵, Freothalaf, [Mythological]⁴, Finn, [Mythological]³, Flocwald, [Mythological]², Godwulf, [Mythological]¹) was born about 777 in <Denmark>.

Bjorn married someone.

His child was:

+ 51 M    i. Refill Bjornsson ³⁷ was born about 796 in Sweden.

49. Sigurd "Snake-Eye" Ragnarsson ²⁷ (Ragnar "Lodbrok" Sigurdsson⁴⁶, Sigurd "Ring" Randversson, King in Sweden⁴⁴, Randver Radbartsson⁴¹, Aud Ivarsdatter³⁸, Ivar "Vidfame", King in Sweden³⁵, Halfdan, King in Sweden³², Harald²⁹, Valdar²⁶, Hroar²³, Halfdan²¹, Frodi¹⁹, Fridleif¹⁸, Frodi¹⁶, Dan¹⁵, Olaf¹⁴, Vermund¹³, Frodi¹², Havar¹¹, Fridleif¹⁰, Frodi⁹, Fridleif⁸, Skjöldr, King of Denmark [Legendary]⁷, Odin, [Mythological]⁶, Frithuwald, [Mythological]⁵, Freothalaf, [Mythological]⁴, Finn, [Mythological]³, Flocwald, [Mythological]², Godwulf, [Mythological]¹) was born about 786 in <Denmark>.

Sigurd married Heluna, Princess in England,²⁰ daughter of Ella, King in England and Unknown, about 799 in Jutland, Denmark. Heluna was born about 784 in <England>. Another name for Heluna was Bleja Princess in England.

Children from this marriage were:

+ 52 F    i. Thora Sigurdsdatter ²⁷ was born about 806 in <Jutland, Denmark>.

+ 53 M    ii. Knud Sigurdsson ³⁷ was born about 814 in <Hord, Jutland>, Denmark.

  30th Generation  

50. Groa Thorsteinsdatter ²⁷ (Thurid Eyvindsdatter⁴⁷, Eyvind "the Easterling"⁴⁵, Bjarni⁴³, Hrolf⁴⁰, Solgi³⁷, Harald "Hilditonn"³⁴, Hraerek "Slaunvanbauga"³¹, Halfdan²⁸, Frodi²⁵, Hraerek "Hnauggvanbaug"²², Ingjald²⁰, Frodi¹⁹, Fridleif¹⁸, Frodi¹⁶, Dan¹⁵, Olaf¹⁴, Vermund¹³, Frodi¹², Havar¹¹, Fridleif¹⁰, Frodi⁹, Fridleif⁸, Skjöldr, King of Denmark [Legendary]⁷, Odin, [Mythological]⁶, Frithuwald, [Mythological]⁵, Freothalaf, [Mythological]⁴, Finn, [Mythological]³, Flocwald, [Mythological]², Godwulf, [Mythological]¹) was born about 873 in <Hvammi, Dala, Iceland>.

Groa married Duncan, Earl of Caithness.²⁷ Duncan was born about 871 in <Caithness, Scotland>. Another name for Duncan was Dungad Earl of Caithness.

The child from this marriage was:

+ 54 F    i. Grelod Duncansdatter ²⁷ was born about 898 in <Caithness, Scotland>.

51. Refill Bjornsson ³⁷ (Bjorn "Ironside" Ragnarsson⁴⁸, Ragnar "Lodbrok" Sigurdsson⁴⁶, Sigurd "Ring" Randversson, King in Sweden⁴⁴, Randver Radbartsson⁴¹, Aud Ivarsdatter³⁸, Ivar "Vidfame", King in Sweden³⁵, Halfdan, King in Sweden³², Harald²⁹, Valdar²⁶, Hroar²³, Halfdan²¹, Frodi¹⁹, Fridleif¹⁸, Frodi¹⁶, Dan¹⁵, Olaf¹⁴, Vermund¹³, Frodi¹², Havar¹¹, Fridleif¹⁰, Frodi⁹, Fridleif⁸, Skjöldr, King of Denmark [Legendary]⁷, Odin, [Mythological]⁶, Frithuwald, [Mythological]⁵, Freothalaf, [Mythological]⁴, Finn, [Mythological]³, Flocwald, [Mythological]², Godwulf, [Mythological]¹) was born about 796 in Sweden.

Refill married someone.

His child was:

+ 55 M    i. Erik Refillsson ³⁷ was born about 814 in Sweden.

52. Thora Sigurdsdatter ²⁷ (Sigurd "Snake-Eye" Ragnarsson⁴⁹, Ragnar "Lodbrok" Sigurdsson⁴⁶, Sigurd "Ring" Randversson, King in Sweden⁴⁴, Randver Radbartsson⁴¹, Aud Ivarsdatter³⁸, Ivar "Vidfame", King in Sweden³⁵, Halfdan, King in Sweden³², Harald²⁹, Valdar²⁶, Hroar²³, Halfdan²¹, Frodi¹⁹, Fridleif¹⁸, Frodi¹⁶, Dan¹⁵, Olaf¹⁴, Vermund¹³, Frodi¹², Havar¹¹, Fridleif¹⁰, Frodi⁹, Fridleif⁸, Skjöldr, King of Denmark [Legendary]⁷, Odin, [Mythological]⁶, Frithuwald, [Mythological]⁵, Freothalaf, [Mythological]⁴, Finn, [Mythological]³, Flocwald, [Mythological]², Godwulf, [Mythological]¹) was born about 806 in <Jutland, Denmark>.

Thora married Helgi Olafsson,²⁷ son of Olaf Geirstad-Alf Gudrødsson, King of Jutland and Vestfold [Legendary] and Unknown, about 819 in <Ireland>. Helgi was born about 802 in <Dublin, Dublin, Ireland>.

The child from this marriage was:

+ 56 M    i. Ingjald "the White" Helgasson, Petty King in Ireland ²⁷ was born about 820 in <Dublin, Dublin, Ireland>.

53. Knud Sigurdsson ³⁷ (Sigurd "Snake-Eye" Ragnarsson⁴⁹, Ragnar "Lodbrok" Sigurdsson⁴⁶, Sigurd "Ring" Randversson, King in Sweden⁴⁴, Randver Radbartsson⁴¹, Aud Ivarsdatter³⁸, Ivar "Vidfame", King in Sweden³⁵, Halfdan, King in Sweden³², Harald²⁹, Valdar²⁶, Hroar²³, Halfdan²¹, Frodi¹⁹, Fridleif¹⁸, Frodi¹⁶, Dan¹⁵, Olaf¹⁴, Vermund¹³, Frodi¹², Havar¹¹, Fridleif¹⁰, Frodi⁹, Fridleif⁸, Skjöldr, King of Denmark [Legendary]⁷, Odin, [Mythological]⁶, Frithuwald, [Mythological]⁵, Freothalaf, [Mythological]⁴, Finn, [Mythological]³, Flocwald, [Mythological]², Godwulf, [Mythological]¹) was born about 814 in <Hord, Jutland>, Denmark. Another name for Knud was Harde-Knud Sigurdsson.

Knud married someone.

His child was:

+ 57 M    i. Geva Knudsson, King of Denmark ³⁷ was born about 840 in Denmark, died about 940 in Jellinge, Vejle, Denmark about age 100, and was buried in Gormshoj, Jellinge, Vejle, Denmark.

  31st Generation  

54. Grelod Duncansdatter ²⁷ (Groa Thorsteinsdatter⁵⁰, Thurid Eyvindsdatter⁴⁷, Eyvind "the Easterling"⁴⁵, Bjarni⁴³, Hrolf⁴⁰, Solgi³⁷, Harald "Hilditonn"³⁴, Hraerek "Slaunvanbauga"³¹, Halfdan²⁸, Frodi²⁵, Hraerek "Hnauggvanbaug"²², Ingjald²⁰, Frodi¹⁹, Fridleif¹⁸, Frodi¹⁶, Dan¹⁵, Olaf¹⁴, Vermund¹³, Frodi¹², Havar¹¹, Fridleif¹⁰, Frodi⁹, Fridleif⁸, Skjöldr, King of Denmark [Legendary]⁷, Odin, [Mythological]⁶, Frithuwald, [Mythological]⁵, Freothalaf, [Mythological]⁴, Finn, [Mythological]³, Flocwald, [Mythological]², Godwulf, [Mythological]¹) was born about 898 in <Caithness, Scotland>. Other names for Grelod were Gerlaf Duncansdatter and Grelauga Duncansdatter.

Grelod married Thorfinn I Rollo "Hausakliffer" Einarsson,²⁷ son of Einar "Torf" Rögnvaldsson, Earl of Orkney and Unknown, in 914 in Orkney Islands, Scotland. Thorfinn was born about 890 in <Orkney Islands, Scotland>, died after 977, and was buried in Burial Mound, Hoxa, Ronaldsay, Scotland. Another name for Thorfinn was Brico Einarsson.

The child from this marriage was:

+ 58 M    i. Hlodver Thorfinnsson, Earl of Orkney ²⁷ was born about 924 in <Orkney Islands, Scotland> and died between 980 and 988 in Hofn, Caithness, Scotland.

55. Erik Refillsson ³⁷ (Refill Bjornsson⁵¹, Bjorn "Ironside" Ragnarsson⁴⁸, Ragnar "Lodbrok" Sigurdsson⁴⁶, Sigurd "Ring" Randversson, King in Sweden⁴⁴, Randver Radbartsson⁴¹, Aud Ivarsdatter³⁸, Ivar "Vidfame", King in Sweden³⁵, Halfdan, King in Sweden³², Harald²⁹, Valdar²⁶, Hroar²³, Halfdan²¹, Frodi¹⁹, Fridleif¹⁸, Frodi¹⁶, Dan¹⁵, Olaf¹⁴, Vermund¹³, Frodi¹², Havar¹¹, Fridleif¹⁰, Frodi⁹, Fridleif⁸, Skjöldr, King of Denmark [Legendary]⁷, Odin, [Mythological]⁶, Frithuwald, [Mythological]⁵, Freothalaf, [Mythological]⁴, Finn, [Mythological]³, Flocwald, [Mythological]², Godwulf, [Mythological]¹) was born about 814 in Sweden.

Erik married someone.

His child was:

+ 59 M    i. Emund Eriksson ³⁷ was born about 832 in Sweden.

56. Ingjald "the White" Helgasson, Petty King in Ireland ²⁷ (Thora Sigurdsdatter⁵², Sigurd "Snake-Eye" Ragnarsson⁴⁹, Ragnar "Lodbrok" Sigurdsson⁴⁶, Sigurd "Ring" Randversson, King in Sweden⁴⁴, Randver Radbartsson⁴¹, Aud Ivarsdatter³⁸, Ivar "Vidfame", King in Sweden³⁵, Halfdan, King in Sweden³², Harald²⁹, Valdar²⁶, Hroar²³, Halfdan²¹, Frodi¹⁹, Fridleif¹⁸, Frodi¹⁶, Dan¹⁵, Olaf¹⁴, Vermund¹³, Frodi¹², Havar¹¹, Fridleif¹⁰, Frodi⁹, Fridleif⁸, Skjöldr, King of Denmark [Legendary]⁷, Odin, [Mythological]⁶, Frithuwald, [Mythological]⁵, Freothalaf, [Mythological]⁴, Finn, [Mythological]³, Flocwald, [Mythological]², Godwulf, [Mythological]¹) was born about 820 in <Dublin, Dublin, Ireland>.

Ingjald married someone.

His child was:

+ 60 M    i. Olaf "the White" Ingjaldsson, King of Ireland ²⁷ was born about 840 in <Dyflinni, Ireland> and died in 871 in Dublin, Dublin, Ireland about age 31.

57. Geva Knudsson, King of Denmark ³⁷ (Knud Sigurdsson⁵³, Sigurd "Snake-Eye" Ragnarsson⁴⁹, Ragnar "Lodbrok" Sigurdsson⁴⁶, Sigurd "Ring" Randversson, King in Sweden⁴⁴, Randver Radbartsson⁴¹, Aud Ivarsdatter³⁸, Ivar "Vidfame", King in Sweden³⁵, Halfdan, King in Sweden³², Harald²⁹, Valdar²⁶, Hroar²³, Halfdan²¹, Frodi¹⁹, Fridleif¹⁸, Frodi¹⁶, Dan¹⁵, Olaf¹⁴, Vermund¹³, Frodi¹², Havar¹¹, Fridleif¹⁰, Frodi⁹, Fridleif⁸, Skjöldr, King of Denmark [Legendary]⁷, Odin, [Mythological]⁶, Frithuwald, [Mythological]⁵, Freothalaf, [Mythological]⁴, Finn, [Mythological]³, Flocwald, [Mythological]², Godwulf, [Mythological]¹) was born about 840 in Denmark, died about 940 in Jellinge, Vejle, Denmark about age 100, and was buried in Gormshoj, Jellinge, Vejle, Denmark.

Geva married Thyre "Danebod" ³⁷ about 897 in Denmark. Thyre was born about 844 in Denmark, died about 935 in Jellinge, Vejle, Denmark about age 91, and was buried in Jellinghojene, Jellinge, Vejle, Denmark.

The child from this marriage was:

+ 61 M    i. Harald "the Blue Tooth" Gormsson, King of Denmark ^{37 38} was born about 910 in Denmark and died on 1 Nov 987 about age 77.

  32nd Generation  

58. Hlodver Thorfinnsson, Earl of Orkney ²⁷ (Grelod Duncansdatter⁵⁴, Groa Thorsteinsdatter⁵⁰, Thurid Eyvindsdatter⁴⁷, Eyvind "the Easterling"⁴⁵, Bjarni⁴³, Hrolf⁴⁰, Solgi³⁷, Harald "Hilditonn"³⁴, Hraerek "Slaunvanbauga"³¹, Halfdan²⁸, Frodi²⁵, Hraerek "Hnauggvanbaug"²², Ingjald²⁰, Frodi¹⁹, Fridleif¹⁸, Frodi¹⁶, Dan¹⁵, Olaf¹⁴, Vermund¹³, Frodi¹², Havar¹¹, Fridleif¹⁰, Frodi⁹, Fridleif⁸, Skjöldr, King of Denmark [Legendary]⁷, Odin, [Mythological]⁶, Frithuwald, [Mythological]⁵, Freothalaf, [Mythological]⁴, Finn, [Mythological]³, Flocwald, [Mythological]², Godwulf, [Mythological]¹) was born about 924 in <Orkney Islands, Scotland> and died between 980 and 988 in Hofn, Caithness, Scotland. Another name for Hlodver was Lodver Thorfinnsson Earl of Orkney.

Hlodver married Audna Kjarvalsdatter ²⁰ about 959 in Orkney, Orkney Islands, Scotland. Audna was born about 928 in <Orkney, Orkney Islands, Scotland>. Other names for Audna were Edna Kjarvalsdatter and Ethne Kjarvalsdatter.

Children from this marriage were:

+ 62 M    i. Sigurd II "Digri" Hlodversson ²⁰ was born about 960 in <Orkney Islands, Scotland>, died on 23 Apr 1014 in Battle of Clontarf, Dublin, Ireland about age 54, and was buried in Burial Mound, Hofry, Caithness, Scotland.

+ 63 F    ii. Hvarflad Hlodversdatter ²⁷ was born about 962 in <Orkney Islands, Scotland>.

59. Emund Eriksson ³⁷ (Erik Refillsson⁵⁵, Refill Bjornsson⁵¹, Bjorn "Ironside" Ragnarsson⁴⁸, Ragnar "Lodbrok" Sigurdsson⁴⁶, Sigurd "Ring" Randversson, King in Sweden⁴⁴, Randver Radbartsson⁴¹, Aud Ivarsdatter³⁸, Ivar "Vidfame", King in Sweden³⁵, Halfdan, King in Sweden³², Harald²⁹, Valdar²⁶, Hroar²³, Halfdan²¹, Frodi¹⁹, Fridleif¹⁸, Frodi¹⁶, Dan¹⁵, Olaf¹⁴, Vermund¹³, Frodi¹², Havar¹¹, Fridleif¹⁰, Frodi⁹, Fridleif⁸, Skjöldr, King of Denmark [Legendary]⁷, Odin, [Mythological]⁶, Frithuwald, [Mythological]⁵, Freothalaf, [Mythological]⁴, Finn, [Mythological]³, Flocwald, [Mythological]², Godwulf, [Mythological]¹) was born about 832 in Sweden. Another name for Emund was Edmund Eriksson.

Emund married someone.

His child was:

+ 64 M    i. Erik Edmundsson ³⁷ was born about 849 in Sweden and died about 900 about age 51.

60. Olaf "the White" Ingjaldsson, King of Ireland ²⁷ (Ingjald "the White" Helgasson, Petty King in Ireland⁵⁶, Thora Sigurdsdatter⁵², Sigurd "Snake-Eye" Ragnarsson⁴⁹, Ragnar "Lodbrok" Sigurdsson⁴⁶, Sigurd "Ring" Randversson, King in Sweden⁴⁴, Randver Radbartsson⁴¹, Aud Ivarsdatter³⁸, Ivar "Vidfame", King in Sweden³⁵, Halfdan, King in Sweden³², Harald²⁹, Valdar²⁶, Hroar²³, Halfdan²¹, Frodi¹⁹, Fridleif¹⁸, Frodi¹⁶, Dan¹⁵, Olaf¹⁴, Vermund¹³, Frodi¹², Havar¹¹, Fridleif¹⁰, Frodi⁹, Fridleif⁸, Skjöldr, King of Denmark [Legendary]⁷, Odin, [Mythological]⁶, Frithuwald, [Mythological]⁵, Freothalaf, [Mythological]⁴, Finn, [Mythological]³, Flocwald, [Mythological]², Godwulf, [Mythological]¹) was born about 840 in <Dyflinni, Ireland> and died in 871 in Dublin, Dublin, Ireland about age 31. Another name for Olaf was Olof "Hviti" Ingjaldsson King of Ireland.

Olaf married Aud "Deep Minded" Ketilsdatter ²⁰ about 857 in Dublin, Dublin, Ireland. Aud was born about 834 in <Raumsdal, Telemark, Norway> and died in 900 in Hvammi, Dala, Iceland about age 66. Another name for Aud was Unn Ketilsdatter.

The child from this marriage was:

+ 65 M    i. Thorstein "the Red" Olafsson ²⁷ was born about 858 in <Dublin, Dublin, Ireland> and died in 888 in Hvammi, Dala, Iceland about age 30.

61. Harald "the Blue Tooth" Gormsson, King of Denmark ^{37 38} (Geva Knudsson, King of Denmark⁵⁷, Knud Sigurdsson⁵³, Sigurd "Snake-Eye" Ragnarsson⁴⁹, Ragnar "Lodbrok" Sigurdsson⁴⁶, Sigurd "Ring" Randversson, King in Sweden⁴⁴, Randver Radbartsson⁴¹, Aud Ivarsdatter³⁸, Ivar "Vidfame", King in Sweden³⁵, Halfdan, King in Sweden³², Harald²⁹, Valdar²⁶, Hroar²³, Halfdan²¹, Frodi¹⁹, Fridleif¹⁸, Frodi¹⁶, Dan¹⁵, Olaf¹⁴, Vermund¹³, Frodi¹², Havar¹¹, Fridleif¹⁰, Frodi⁹, Fridleif⁸, Skjöldr, King of Denmark [Legendary]⁷, Odin, [Mythological]⁶, Frithuwald, [Mythological]⁵, Freothalaf, [Mythological]⁴, Finn, [Mythological]³, Flocwald, [Mythological]², Godwulf, [Mythological]¹) was born about 910 in Denmark and died on 1 Nov 987 about age 77. Other names for Harald were Harald I of Denmark and Harald I "Bluetooth" King of Denmark.

Research Notes: From Wikipedia - Harald I of Denmark :

Harald Bluetooth Gormson (Old Norse : 'Haraldr Blátönn', Danish : Harald Blåtand, Norwegian : Harald Blåtann, Swedish : Harald Blåtand) (born c. 935) was the son of King Gorm the Old and of Thyra Dannebod . He died in 985 or 986 having ruled as King of Denmark from around 958 and king of Norway for a few years probably around 970. Some sources state that his son Sweyn forcibly deposed him as king.

The Jelling stones
Harald Bluetooth caused the Jelling stones to be erected to honour his parents.[1] Encyclopedia Britannica (Britannica) considers the runic inscriptions as the most well known in Denmark.[2] The biography of Harald Bluetooth is summed up by this runic inscription from the Jelling stones:
"Harald, king, bade these memorials to be made after Gorm, his father, and Thyra, his mother. The Harald who won the whole of Denmark and Norway and turned the Danes to Christianity."

Conversion and Christianisation of Denmark

The conversion of the Danes or, rather, the conversion of King Harald Bluetooth, is a contested bit of history, not least because medieval writers such as Widukind of Corvey and Adam of Bremen give conflicting accounts of how it came about.
We know from the runestone erected at Jelling Monument that Harald claimed to have converted the Danes himself. In his "History of the Archbishops of Hamburg-Bremen," finished in 1076, Adam of Bremen claimed that Harald was himself forcibly converted by Otto I , after a defeat in battle.[3] In the Icelandic saga about the Kings of Norway called the Heimskringla , this story was changed somewhat to have Harald be converted, along with Earl Hakon , by Otto II .

However, Widukind of Corvey, writing nearly 100 years before Adam and during the lives of Otto I and Harald, mentioned no such episode in his Res gestae saxonicae sive annalium libri tres or "Deeds of the Saxons". Considering that this history was at least partly written to promote the greatness of Otto and his family, this silence is damning to Adam of Bremen's claim. Widukind himself claims that Harald was converted by a "cleric by the name of Poppa" who, when asked by Harald whether he would be tested as to his faith in Christ, supposedly carried "a great weight of iron" heated by a fire without being burned.[4] A similar story does appear in Adam of Bremen's history, but about Eric of Sweden , who had supposedly conquered Denmark (there is no evidence that this happened anywhere else), and a self-immolating cleric named Poppo.[5] The story of this otherwise unknown Poppo or Poppa's miracle and baptism of Harald is also depicted on the gilded altar piece in the Church of Tandrup in Denmark, a detail of which is at the top of this article. The altar itself has been dated to about 1200.[6] Adam of Bremen's claim regarding Otto I and Harald appears to have been inspired by an attempt to manufacture a historical reason for the archbishops of Hamburg-Bremen to claim jurisdiction over Denmark (and thus the rest of Scandinavia); in the 1070s, the Danish King was in Rome asking for Denmark to have its own arch-bishop, and Adam's account of Harald's supposed conversion (and baptism of both him and his "little son" Sweyn , with Otto serving as Sweyn's godfather) is followed by the unambiguous claim that "At that time Denmark on this side of the sea, which is called Jutland by the inhabitants, was divided into three dioceses and subjected to the bishopric of Hamburg."[7]

As noted above, Harald's father, Gorm the Old had died in 958, and he had been buried in a mound with many grave goods, after the pagan practice. The mound was itself from c. 500 BCE, but Harald had it built higher over his father's grave, and added a second mound to the south. Mound-building was a newly revived custom in the tenth century, possibly as a "self-conscious appeal to old traditions in the face of Christian customs spreading from Denmark's southern neighbors, the Germans."[8]
But after his conversion, in about the 960s, Harald had his father's body disinterred and reburied in the church he built next to the now empty mound, and erected the now famous Jelling stones described above.

Reign
During his reign, Harald oversaw the reconstruction not only of the Jelling runic stones but of other projects as well. Some believe that these projects were a way for him to preserve the economic and military control of his country. During that time, ring forts were built in five strategic locations: Trelleborg on Sjælland , Nonnebakken on Fyn , Fyrkat in central Jylland , Aggersborg near Limfjord , and Trelleborg near the city of Trelleborg in Scania in present-day Sweden . All five fortresses had similar designs: "perfectly circular with gates opening to the four corners of the earth, and a courtyard divided into four areas which held large houses set in a square pattern"[10] A sixth Trelleborg is located in Borgeby , in Scania in present-day Sweden. This one has been dated to the vicinity of 1000 AD and has a similar design, so it too may have been built by king Harald.
He also constructed the oldest known bridge in southern Scandinavia, known as the Ravninge Bridge in Ravninge meadows, which was 5m wide and 760m long.

While absolute quiet prevailed throughout the interior, he was even able to turn his thoughts to foreign enterprises. Again and again he came to the help of Richard the Fearless of Normandy (in the years 945 and 963), while his son conquered Samland and, after the assassination of King Harald Graafeld of Norway, he also managed to force the people of that country into temporary subjection to himself.
The Norse sagas presents Harald in a rather negative light. He was forced twice to submit to the renegade Swedish prince Styrbjörn the Strong of the Jomsvikings - first by giving Styrbjörn a fleet and his daughter Tyra , the second time by giving up himself as hostage and an additional fleet. Styrbjörn brought this fleet to Uppsala in Sweden in order to claim the throne of Sweden. However, this time Harald broke his oath and fled with his Danes in order to avoid facing the Swedish army at the Battle of the Fýrisvellir .
As a consequence of Harald's army having lost to the Germans in the shadow of Danevirke in 974, he no longer had control of Norway and Germans having settled back into the border area between Scandinavia and Germany. The German settlers were driven out of Denmark in 983 by an alliance consisting of Obodrite soldiers and troops loyal to Harald. Soon after, Harald was killed fighting off a rebellion led by his son Sweyn. He was believed to have died in 986 , although there are many other accounts that claim he died in 985.

Marriages and issue

Gyrid Olafsdottir , probably by 950.
Thyra Haraldsdotter , married Styrbjörn Starke
Sveyn Forkbeard . Born about 960. Usually given as the son of Harald and Gyrid, though it is said in some of the older sagas that he was an illegitimate son.
Hakon. Born in 961.
Gunhilde . She married Pallig , Jarl and Ealdorman in Devon. They both died in the St. Brice's Day massacre in November 1002.
Thora (Tova) the daughter of Mistivir in 970. She raised the Sønder Vissing Runestone after her mother.

Harald married Gyrid Olafsdottir ^{37 39} by 950. Gyrid was born about 930 in Denmark. Other names for Gyrid were Gunhild and Gyrithe Olafsdatter.

Children from this marriage were:

+ 66 F    i. Thyra Haraldsdatter, Queen of Norway ³⁷ was born about 947 in <Denmark> and died on 18 Sep 1000 in Norway about age 53.

+ 67 M    ii. Svend I "Forked Beard", King of Denmark, Norway and England ³⁷ was born about 960 in Denmark, died on 2 Feb 1014 in Gainsborough, Lincolnshire, England about age 54, and was buried in Hellig Trefoldigheds Kirke, Roskilde, Roskilde, Denmark.

  33rd Generation  

62. Sigurd II "Digri" Hlodversson ²⁰ (Hlodver Thorfinnsson, Earl of Orkney⁵⁸, Grelod Duncansdatter⁵⁴, Groa Thorsteinsdatter⁵⁰, Thurid Eyvindsdatter⁴⁷, Eyvind "the Easterling"⁴⁵, Bjarni⁴³, Hrolf⁴⁰, Solgi³⁷, Harald "Hilditonn"³⁴, Hraerek "Slaunvanbauga"³¹, Halfdan²⁸, Frodi²⁵, Hraerek "Hnauggvanbaug"²², Ingjald²⁰, Frodi¹⁹, Fridleif¹⁸, Frodi¹⁶, Dan¹⁵, Olaf¹⁴, Vermund¹³, Frodi¹², Havar¹¹, Fridleif¹⁰, Frodi⁹, Fridleif⁸, Skjöldr, King of Denmark [Legendary]⁷, Odin, [Mythological]⁶, Frithuwald, [Mythological]⁵, Freothalaf, [Mythological]⁴, Finn, [Mythological]³, Flocwald, [Mythological]², Godwulf, [Mythological]¹) was born about 960 in <Orkney Islands, Scotland>, died on 23 Apr 1014 in Battle of Clontarf, Dublin, Ireland about age 54, and was buried in Burial Mound, Hofry, Caithness, Scotland.

Sigurd married Anleta "Thora Donada" MacKenneth,²⁰ daughter of Malcolm II, King of Scots and Unknown, about 988 in Scotland. Anleta was born about 968 in <Atholl, Perthshire, Scotland>.

Research Notes: Source: Ancestral Roots of Certain American Colonists Who Came to America before 1700 by Frederick Lewis Weis and Walter Lee Sheppard, Jr, ed. by William R. Beall & Kaleen E. Beall, Baltimore, 2008, line 170-18 (Mael-Coluim)

The child from this marriage was:

+ 68 M    i. Thorfinn II "the Black" Sigurdsson, Earl of Orkney ²⁰ was born about 989 in <Orkney, Orkney Islands, Scotland> and died in 1064 in <Christ's Kirk, Birdsey, Scotland> about age 75.

Sigurd next married someone.

His child was:

+ 69 M    i. Brusi Sigurdsson ⁴⁰ was born about 987 in <Orkney Islands, Scotland> and died in 1031 in Orkney Islands, Scotland about age 44.

63. Hvarflad Hlodversdatter ²⁷ (Hlodver Thorfinnsson, Earl of Orkney⁵⁸, Grelod Duncansdatter⁵⁴, Groa Thorsteinsdatter⁵⁰, Thurid Eyvindsdatter⁴⁷, Eyvind "the Easterling"⁴⁵, Bjarni⁴³, Hrolf⁴⁰, Solgi³⁷, Harald "Hilditonn"³⁴, Hraerek "Slaunvanbauga"³¹, Halfdan²⁸, Frodi²⁵, Hraerek "Hnauggvanbaug"²², Ingjald²⁰, Frodi¹⁹, Fridleif¹⁸, Frodi¹⁶, Dan¹⁵, Olaf¹⁴, Vermund¹³, Frodi¹², Havar¹¹, Fridleif¹⁰, Frodi⁹, Fridleif⁸, Skjöldr, King of Denmark [Legendary]⁷, Odin, [Mythological]⁶, Frithuwald, [Mythological]⁵, Freothalaf, [Mythological]⁴, Finn, [Mythological]³, Flocwald, [Mythological]², Godwulf, [Mythological]¹) was born about 962 in <Orkney Islands, Scotland>. Other names for Hvarflad were Nereid Hlodversdatter and Svalaug Hlodversdatter.

Hvarflad married Gille, Earl of the Hebrides ²⁷ about 990. Gille was born about 958 in <Orkney Islands, Scotland>.

The child from this marriage was:

+ 70 M    i. Gille Adoman I Gilleson ²⁷ was born about 976 in <Orkney, Scotland>.

64. Erik Edmundsson ³⁷ (Emund Eriksson⁵⁹, Erik Refillsson⁵⁵, Refill Bjornsson⁵¹, Bjorn "Ironside" Ragnarsson⁴⁸, Ragnar "Lodbrok" Sigurdsson⁴⁶, Sigurd "Ring" Randversson, King in Sweden⁴⁴, Randver Radbartsson⁴¹, Aud Ivarsdatter³⁸, Ivar "Vidfame", King in Sweden³⁵, Halfdan, King in Sweden³², Harald²⁹, Valdar²⁶, Hroar²³, Halfdan²¹, Frodi¹⁹, Fridleif¹⁸, Frodi¹⁶, Dan¹⁵, Olaf¹⁴, Vermund¹³, Frodi¹², Havar¹¹, Fridleif¹⁰, Frodi⁹, Fridleif⁸, Skjöldr, King of Denmark [Legendary]⁷, Odin, [Mythological]⁶, Frithuwald, [Mythological]⁵, Freothalaf, [Mythological]⁴, Finn, [Mythological]³, Flocwald, [Mythological]², Godwulf, [Mythological]¹) was born about 849 in Sweden and died about 900 about age 51. Another name for Erik was Erik Emundsson.

Erik married someone.

His child was:

+ 71 M    i. Bjorn "the Old" Eriksson, King of Sweden ³⁷ was born about 867 in <Uppsala, Uppsala, Sweden> and died about 950 about age 83.

65. Thorstein "the Red" Olafsson ²⁷ (Olaf "the White" Ingjaldsson, King of Ireland⁶⁰, Ingjald "the White" Helgasson, Petty King in Ireland⁵⁶, Thora Sigurdsdatter⁵², Sigurd "Snake-Eye" Ragnarsson⁴⁹, Ragnar "Lodbrok" Sigurdsson⁴⁶, Sigurd "Ring" Randversson, King in Sweden⁴⁴, Randver Radbartsson⁴¹, Aud Ivarsdatter³⁸, Ivar "Vidfame", King in Sweden³⁵, Halfdan, King in Sweden³², Harald²⁹, Valdar²⁶, Hroar²³, Halfdan²¹, Frodi¹⁹, Fridleif¹⁸, Frodi¹⁶, Dan¹⁵, Olaf¹⁴, Vermund¹³, Frodi¹², Havar¹¹, Fridleif¹⁰, Frodi⁹, Fridleif⁸, Skjöldr, King of Denmark [Legendary]⁷, Odin, [Mythological]⁶, Frithuwald, [Mythological]⁵, Freothalaf, [Mythological]⁴, Finn, [Mythological]³, Flocwald, [Mythological]², Godwulf, [Mythological]¹) was born about 858 in <Dublin, Dublin, Ireland> and died in 888 in Hvammi, Dala, Iceland about age 30.

Thorstein married Thurid Eyvindsdatter,²⁰ daughter of Eyvind "the Easterling" Bjarnasson and Rafertach MacCearbhall, about 868 in Dala, Iceland. Thurid was born about 847 in <Amle, Sogn Og Fjordane, Norway>.

(Duplicate Line. See Person 47)

66. Thyra Haraldsdatter, Queen of Norway ³⁷ (Harald "the Blue Tooth" Gormsson, King of Denmark⁶¹, Geva Knudsson, King of Denmark⁵⁷, Knud Sigurdsson⁵³, Sigurd "Snake-Eye" Ragnarsson⁴⁹, Ragnar "Lodbrok" Sigurdsson⁴⁶, Sigurd "Ring" Randversson, King in Sweden⁴⁴, Randver Radbartsson⁴¹, Aud Ivarsdatter³⁸, Ivar "Vidfame", King in Sweden³⁵, Halfdan, King in Sweden³², Harald²⁹, Valdar²⁶, Hroar²³, Halfdan²¹, Frodi¹⁹, Fridleif¹⁸, Frodi¹⁶, Dan¹⁵, Olaf¹⁴, Vermund¹³, Frodi¹², Havar¹¹, Fridleif¹⁰, Frodi⁹, Fridleif⁸, Skjöldr, King of Denmark [Legendary]⁷, Odin, [Mythological]⁶, Frithuwald, [Mythological]⁵, Freothalaf, [Mythological]⁴, Finn, [Mythological]³, Flocwald, [Mythological]², Godwulf, [Mythological]¹) was born about 947 in <Denmark> and died on 18 Sep 1000 in Norway about age 53.

Thyra married Styrbjorn "the Strong" Olafsson, Prince of Sweden,³⁷ son of Olof "Mitkg" Bjornsson, King of Sweden and Ingeberg Thrandsdotter,. Styrbjorn was born about 903 in Sweden and died in 985 in Fyrisval, Uppsala, Sweden about age 82.

The child from this marriage was:

+ 72 M    i. Thorgil "Sprakaleg" Styrjornsson ³⁷ was born about 970 in <Uppsala, Uppsala>, Sweden.

67. Svend I "Forked Beard", King of Denmark, Norway and England ³⁷ (Harald "the Blue Tooth" Gormsson, King of Denmark⁶¹, Geva Knudsson, King of Denmark⁵⁷, Knud Sigurdsson⁵³, Sigurd "Snake-Eye" Ragnarsson⁴⁹, Ragnar "Lodbrok" Sigurdsson⁴⁶, Sigurd "Ring" Randversson, King in Sweden⁴⁴, Randver Radbartsson⁴¹, Aud Ivarsdatter³⁸, Ivar "Vidfame", King in Sweden³⁵, Halfdan, King in Sweden³², Harald²⁹, Valdar²⁶, Hroar²³, Halfdan²¹, Frodi¹⁹, Fridleif¹⁸, Frodi¹⁶, Dan¹⁵, Olaf¹⁴, Vermund¹³, Frodi¹², Havar¹¹, Fridleif¹⁰, Frodi⁹, Fridleif⁸, Skjöldr, King of Denmark [Legendary]⁷, Odin, [Mythological]⁶, Frithuwald, [Mythological]⁵, Freothalaf, [Mythological]⁴, Finn, [Mythological]³, Flocwald, [Mythological]², Godwulf, [Mythological]¹) was born about 960 in Denmark, died on 2 Feb 1014 in Gainsborough, Lincolnshire, England about age 54, and was buried in Hellig Trefoldigheds Kirke, Roskilde, Roskilde, Denmark. Another name for Svend was Sveyn "Forkbeard."

Research Notes: From Wikipedia - "Sveyn Forkbeard . Born about 960. Usually given as the son of Harald and Gyrid, though it is said in some of the older sagas that he was an illegitimate son."

Svend married Swietoslava,³⁷ daughter of Mieszko, Prince of Poland and Dbubravka, Princess of Bohemia, in 998. Swietoslava was born about 970 in <Poznan, Poznan>, Poland and died after 2 Feb 1014. Another name for Swietoslava was Sygryda.

The child from this marriage was:

+ 73 F    i. Estrid Svensdatter, Princess of Denmark ³⁷ was born about 997 in Denmark and was buried in Cathedral, Roskilde, Roskilde, Denmark.

  34th Generation  

68. Thorfinn II "the Black" Sigurdsson, Earl of Orkney ²⁰ (Sigurd II "Digri" Hlodversson⁶², Hlodver Thorfinnsson, Earl of Orkney⁵⁸, Grelod Duncansdatter⁵⁴, Groa Thorsteinsdatter⁵⁰, Thurid Eyvindsdatter⁴⁷, Eyvind "the Easterling"⁴⁵, Bjarni⁴³, Hrolf⁴⁰, Solgi³⁷, Harald "Hilditonn"³⁴, Hraerek "Slaunvanbauga"³¹, Halfdan²⁸, Frodi²⁵, Hraerek "Hnauggvanbaug"²², Ingjald²⁰, Frodi¹⁹, Fridleif¹⁸, Frodi¹⁶, Dan¹⁵, Olaf¹⁴, Vermund¹³, Frodi¹², Havar¹¹, Fridleif¹⁰, Frodi⁹, Fridleif⁸, Skjöldr, King of Denmark [Legendary]⁷, Odin, [Mythological]⁶, Frithuwald, [Mythological]⁵, Freothalaf, [Mythological]⁴, Finn, [Mythological]³, Flocwald, [Mythological]², Godwulf, [Mythological]¹) was born about 989 in <Orkney, Orkney Islands, Scotland> and died in 1064 in <Christ's Kirk, Birdsey, Scotland> about age 75.

Thorfinn married Ingeborg Finnsdatter,²⁰ daughter of Finn Arnesson, Earl of Halland and Unknown, before 1038. Ingeborg was born about 1021 in <Osteraat, Yrje, Norway> and died about 1066 about age 45.

The child from this marriage was:

+ 74 M    i. Paul Thorfinnsson, Jarl of Orkney and Caithness ²⁰ was born about 1040 in <Orkney, Orkney Islands, Scotland> and died in 1103 in Bergen, Hordaland, Norway about age 63.

69. Brusi Sigurdsson ⁴⁰ (Sigurd II "Digri" Hlodversson⁶², Hlodver Thorfinnsson, Earl of Orkney⁵⁸, Grelod Duncansdatter⁵⁴, Groa Thorsteinsdatter⁵⁰, Thurid Eyvindsdatter⁴⁷, Eyvind "the Easterling"⁴⁵, Bjarni⁴³, Hrolf⁴⁰, Solgi³⁷, Harald "Hilditonn"³⁴, Hraerek "Slaunvanbauga"³¹, Halfdan²⁸, Frodi²⁵, Hraerek "Hnauggvanbaug"²², Ingjald²⁰, Frodi¹⁹, Fridleif¹⁸, Frodi¹⁶, Dan¹⁵, Olaf¹⁴, Vermund¹³, Frodi¹², Havar¹¹, Fridleif¹⁰, Frodi⁹, Fridleif⁸, Skjöldr, King of Denmark [Legendary]⁷, Odin, [Mythological]⁶, Frithuwald, [Mythological]⁵, Freothalaf, [Mythological]⁴, Finn, [Mythological]³, Flocwald, [Mythological]², Godwulf, [Mythological]¹) was born about 987 in <Orkney Islands, Scotland> and died in 1031 in Orkney Islands, Scotland about age 44. Another name for Brusi was Brucie Sigurdsson.

Brusi married Ostrida Regenwaldsdatter ⁴⁰ about 1010 in Orkney Islands, Scotland. Ostrida was born about 990 in <Gothland, Sweden>.

The child from this marriage was:

+ 75 M    i. Ragnvald Brusesson ⁴⁰ was born about 1011 in <Orkney Islands, Scotland>, died in Dec 1046 in Papa Stronsay, Orkney Islands, Scotland about age 35, and was buried in Papa Westroy, Orkney, Scotland.

70. Gille Adoman I Gilleson ²⁷ (Hvarflad Hlodversdatter⁶³, Hlodver Thorfinnsson, Earl of Orkney⁵⁸, Grelod Duncansdatter⁵⁴, Groa Thorsteinsdatter⁵⁰, Thurid Eyvindsdatter⁴⁷, Eyvind "the Easterling"⁴⁵, Bjarni⁴³, Hrolf⁴⁰, Solgi³⁷, Harald "Hilditonn"³⁴, Hraerek "Slaunvanbauga"³¹, Halfdan²⁸, Frodi²⁵, Hraerek "Hnauggvanbaug"²², Ingjald²⁰, Frodi¹⁹, Fridleif¹⁸, Frodi¹⁶, Dan¹⁵, Olaf¹⁴, Vermund¹³, Frodi¹², Havar¹¹, Fridleif¹⁰, Frodi⁹, Fridleif⁸, Skjöldr, King of Denmark [Legendary]⁷, Odin, [Mythological]⁶, Frithuwald, [Mythological]⁵, Freothalaf, [Mythological]⁴, Finn, [Mythological]³, Flocwald, [Mythological]², Godwulf, [Mythological]¹) was born about 976 in <Orkney, Scotland>.

Gille married someone.

His child was:

+ 76 M    i. Gillebride ²⁷ was born about 1010 in <Scotland>.

71. Bjorn "the Old" Eriksson, King of Sweden ³⁷ (Erik Edmundsson⁶⁴, Emund Eriksson⁵⁹, Erik Refillsson⁵⁵, Refill Bjornsson⁵¹, Bjorn "Ironside" Ragnarsson⁴⁸, Ragnar "Lodbrok" Sigurdsson⁴⁶, Sigurd "Ring" Randversson, King in Sweden⁴⁴, Randver Radbartsson⁴¹, Aud Ivarsdatter³⁸, Ivar "Vidfame", King in Sweden³⁵, Halfdan, King in Sweden³², Harald²⁹, Valdar²⁶, Hroar²³, Halfdan²¹, Frodi¹⁹, Fridleif¹⁸, Frodi¹⁶, Dan¹⁵, Olaf¹⁴, Vermund¹³, Frodi¹², Havar¹¹, Fridleif¹⁰, Frodi⁹, Fridleif⁸, Skjöldr, King of Denmark [Legendary]⁷, Odin, [Mythological]⁶, Frithuwald, [Mythological]⁵, Freothalaf, [Mythological]⁴, Finn, [Mythological]³, Flocwald, [Mythological]², Godwulf, [Mythological]¹) was born about 867 in <Uppsala, Uppsala, Sweden> and died about 950 about age 83.

Bjorn married someone.

His child was:

+ 77 M    i. Olof "Mitkg" Bjornsson, King of Sweden ³⁷ was born about 885 in Sweden.

72. Thorgil "Sprakaleg" Styrjornsson ³⁷ (Thyra Haraldsdatter, Queen of Norway⁶⁶, Harald "the Blue Tooth" Gormsson, King of Denmark⁶¹, Geva Knudsson, King of Denmark⁵⁷, Knud Sigurdsson⁵³, Sigurd "Snake-Eye" Ragnarsson⁴⁹, Ragnar "Lodbrok" Sigurdsson⁴⁶, Sigurd "Ring" Randversson, King in Sweden⁴⁴, Randver Radbartsson⁴¹, Aud Ivarsdatter³⁸, Ivar "Vidfame", King in Sweden³⁵, Halfdan, King in Sweden³², Harald²⁹, Valdar²⁶, Hroar²³, Halfdan²¹, Frodi¹⁹, Fridleif¹⁸, Frodi¹⁶, Dan¹⁵, Olaf¹⁴, Vermund¹³, Frodi¹², Havar¹¹, Fridleif¹⁰, Frodi⁹, Fridleif⁸, Skjöldr, King of Denmark [Legendary]⁷, Odin, [Mythological]⁶, Frithuwald, [Mythological]⁵, Freothalaf, [Mythological]⁴, Finn, [Mythological]³, Flocwald, [Mythological]², Godwulf, [Mythological]¹) was born about 970 in <Uppsala, Uppsala>, Sweden.

Thorgil married Sigrid.³⁷ Sigrid was born about 971 in <Halland>, Sweden.

The child from this marriage was:

+ 78 M    i. Ulf Thorgilsson ³⁷ was born about 993 in <Halland>, Sweden, died on 29 Sep 1027 in Roskilde, Denmark about age 34, and was buried in Hellige-Trefolg, Kirken, Roskilde, , Denmark.

73. Estrid Svensdatter, Princess of Denmark ³⁷ (Svend I "Forked Beard", King of Denmark, Norway and England⁶⁷, Harald "the Blue Tooth" Gormsson, King of Denmark⁶¹, Geva Knudsson, King of Denmark⁵⁷, Knud Sigurdsson⁵³, Sigurd "Snake-Eye" Ragnarsson⁴⁹, Ragnar "Lodbrok" Sigurdsson⁴⁶, Sigurd "Ring" Randversson, King in Sweden⁴⁴, Randver Radbartsson⁴¹, Aud Ivarsdatter³⁸, Ivar "Vidfame", King in Sweden³⁵, Halfdan, King in Sweden³², Harald²⁹, Valdar²⁶, Hroar²³, Halfdan²¹, Frodi¹⁹, Fridleif¹⁸, Frodi¹⁶, Dan¹⁵, Olaf¹⁴, Vermund¹³, Frodi¹², Havar¹¹, Fridleif¹⁰, Frodi⁹, Fridleif⁸, Skjöldr, King of Denmark [Legendary]⁷, Odin, [Mythological]⁶, Frithuwald, [Mythological]⁵, Freothalaf, [Mythological]⁴, Finn, [Mythological]³, Flocwald, [Mythological]², Godwulf, [Mythological]¹) was born about 997 in Denmark and was buried in Cathedral, Roskilde, Roskilde, Denmark. Another name for Estrid was Margrete Svensdatter.

Estrid married Ulf Thorgilsson,³⁷ son of Thorgil "Sprakaleg" Styrjornsson and Sigrid,. Ulf was born about 993 in <Halland>, Sweden, died on 29 Sep 1027 in Roskilde, Denmark about age 34, and was buried in Hellige-Trefolg, Kirken, Roskilde, , Denmark.

The child from this marriage was:

+ 79 M    i. Bjorn Ulfiusson ³⁷ was born about 1021 in <Denmark> and died about 1049 about age 28.

  35th Generation  

74. Paul Thorfinnsson, Jarl of Orkney and Caithness ²⁰ (Thorfinn II "the Black" Sigurdsson, Earl of Orkney⁶⁸, Sigurd II "Digri" Hlodversson⁶², Hlodver Thorfinnsson, Earl of Orkney⁵⁸, Grelod Duncansdatter⁵⁴, Groa Thorsteinsdatter⁵⁰, Thurid Eyvindsdatter⁴⁷, Eyvind "the Easterling"⁴⁵, Bjarni⁴³, Hrolf⁴⁰, Solgi³⁷, Harald "Hilditonn"³⁴, Hraerek "Slaunvanbauga"³¹, Halfdan²⁸, Frodi²⁵, Hraerek "Hnauggvanbaug"²², Ingjald²⁰, Frodi¹⁹, Fridleif¹⁸, Frodi¹⁶, Dan¹⁵, Olaf¹⁴, Vermund¹³, Frodi¹², Havar¹¹, Fridleif¹⁰, Frodi⁹, Fridleif⁸, Skjöldr, King of Denmark [Legendary]⁷, Odin, [Mythological]⁶, Frithuwald, [Mythological]⁵, Freothalaf, [Mythological]⁴, Finn, [Mythological]³, Flocwald, [Mythological]², Godwulf, [Mythological]¹) was born about 1040 in <Orkney, Orkney Islands, Scotland> and died in 1103 in Bergen, Hordaland, Norway about age 63. Another name for Paul was Paal Thorfinnsson Jarl of Orkney and Caithness.

Paul married Ragnhild Haakonsdatter,²⁰ daughter of Haakon Ivarsson and Ragnhild Magnusdatter, Princess of Norway,. Ragnhild was born about 1044 in <Orkney, Orkney Islands, Scotland>.

The child from this marriage was:

+ 80 M    i. Haakon Paalsson ²⁰ was born about 1070 in <Orkney, Orkney Islands, Scotland> and died in 1122 in Orkney, Orkney Islands, Scotland about age 52.

75. Ragnvald Brusesson ⁴⁰ (Brusi Sigurdsson⁶⁹, Sigurd II "Digri" Hlodversson⁶², Hlodver Thorfinnsson, Earl of Orkney⁵⁸, Grelod Duncansdatter⁵⁴, Groa Thorsteinsdatter⁵⁰, Thurid Eyvindsdatter⁴⁷, Eyvind "the Easterling"⁴⁵, Bjarni⁴³, Hrolf⁴⁰, Solgi³⁷, Harald "Hilditonn"³⁴, Hraerek "Slaunvanbauga"³¹, Halfdan²⁸, Frodi²⁵, Hraerek "Hnauggvanbaug"²², Ingjald²⁰, Frodi¹⁹, Fridleif¹⁸, Frodi¹⁶, Dan¹⁵, Olaf¹⁴, Vermund¹³, Frodi¹², Havar¹¹, Fridleif¹⁰, Frodi⁹, Fridleif⁸, Skjöldr, King of Denmark [Legendary]⁷, Odin, [Mythological]⁶, Frithuwald, [Mythological]⁵, Freothalaf, [Mythological]⁴, Finn, [Mythological]³, Flocwald, [Mythological]², Godwulf, [Mythological]¹) was born about 1011 in <Orkney Islands, Scotland>, died in Dec 1046 in Papa Stronsay, Orkney Islands, Scotland about age 35, and was buried in Papa Westroy, Orkney, Scotland. Another name for Ragnvald was Rognvald Brusesson.

Death Notes: Killed

Ragnvald married Arlogia,⁴⁰ daughter of Waldemar, Duke of Russia and Unknown, about 1034 in <Russia>. Arlogia was born about 1015 in <Russia>.

The child from this marriage was:

+ 81 M    i. Robert de Brusse ⁴⁰ was born about 1036 in <Carrick, Ayrshire, Scotland> and died between 1080 and 1098.

76. Gillebride ²⁷ (Gille Adoman I Gilleson⁷⁰, Hvarflad Hlodversdatter⁶³, Hlodver Thorfinnsson, Earl of Orkney⁵⁸, Grelod Duncansdatter⁵⁴, Groa Thorsteinsdatter⁵⁰, Thurid Eyvindsdatter⁴⁷, Eyvind "the Easterling"⁴⁵, Bjarni⁴³, Hrolf⁴⁰, Solgi³⁷, Harald "Hilditonn"³⁴, Hraerek "Slaunvanbauga"³¹, Halfdan²⁸, Frodi²⁵, Hraerek "Hnauggvanbaug"²², Ingjald²⁰, Frodi¹⁹, Fridleif¹⁸, Frodi¹⁶, Dan¹⁵, Olaf¹⁴, Vermund¹³, Frodi¹², Havar¹¹, Fridleif¹⁰, Frodi⁹, Fridleif⁸, Skjöldr, King of Denmark [Legendary]⁷, Odin, [Mythological]⁶, Frithuwald, [Mythological]⁵, Freothalaf, [Mythological]⁴, Finn, [Mythological]³, Flocwald, [Mythological]², Godwulf, [Mythological]¹) was born about 1010 in <Scotland>.

Gillebride married someone.

His child was:

+ 82 M    i. Somerled I Gillebrideson ²⁷ was born about 1030 in <Scotland>.

77. Olof "Mitkg" Bjornsson, King of Sweden ³⁷ (Bjorn "the Old" Eriksson, King of Sweden⁷¹, Erik Edmundsson⁶⁴, Emund Eriksson⁵⁹, Erik Refillsson⁵⁵, Refill Bjornsson⁵¹, Bjorn "Ironside" Ragnarsson⁴⁸, Ragnar "Lodbrok" Sigurdsson⁴⁶, Sigurd "Ring" Randversson, King in Sweden⁴⁴, Randver Radbartsson⁴¹, Aud Ivarsdatter³⁸, Ivar "Vidfame", King in Sweden³⁵, Halfdan, King in Sweden³², Harald²⁹, Valdar²⁶, Hroar²³, Halfdan²¹, Frodi¹⁹, Fridleif¹⁸, Frodi¹⁶, Dan¹⁵, Olaf¹⁴, Vermund¹³, Frodi¹², Havar¹¹, Fridleif¹⁰, Frodi⁹, Fridleif⁸, Skjöldr, King of Denmark [Legendary]⁷, Odin, [Mythological]⁶, Frithuwald, [Mythological]⁵, Freothalaf, [Mythological]⁴, Finn, [Mythological]³, Flocwald, [Mythological]², Godwulf, [Mythological]¹) was born about 885 in Sweden.

Olof married Ingeberg Thrandsdotter.³⁷ Ingeberg was born about 886 in <Uppsala, Uppsala, Sweden>.

The child from this marriage was:

+ 83 M    i. Styrbjorn "the Strong" Olafsson, Prince of Sweden ³⁷ was born about 903 in Sweden and died in 985 in Fyrisval, Uppsala, Sweden about age 82.

78. Ulf Thorgilsson ³⁷ (Thorgil "Sprakaleg" Styrjornsson⁷², Thyra Haraldsdatter, Queen of Norway⁶⁶, Harald "the Blue Tooth" Gormsson, King of Denmark⁶¹, Geva Knudsson, King of Denmark⁵⁷, Knud Sigurdsson⁵³, Sigurd "Snake-Eye" Ragnarsson⁴⁹, Ragnar "Lodbrok" Sigurdsson⁴⁶, Sigurd "Ring" Randversson, King in Sweden⁴⁴, Randver Radbartsson⁴¹, Aud Ivarsdatter³⁸, Ivar "Vidfame", King in Sweden³⁵, Halfdan, King in Sweden³², Harald²⁹, Valdar²⁶, Hroar²³, Halfdan²¹, Frodi¹⁹, Fridleif¹⁸, Frodi¹⁶, Dan¹⁵, Olaf¹⁴, Vermund¹³, Frodi¹², Havar¹¹, Fridleif¹⁰, Frodi⁹, Fridleif⁸, Skjöldr, King of Denmark [Legendary]⁷, Odin, [Mythological]⁶, Frithuwald, [Mythological]⁵, Freothalaf, [Mythological]⁴, Finn, [Mythological]³, Flocwald, [Mythological]², Godwulf, [Mythological]¹) was born about 993 in <Halland>, Sweden, died on 29 Sep 1027 in Roskilde, Denmark about age 34, and was buried in Hellige-Trefolg, Kirken, Roskilde, , Denmark.

Ulf married Estrid Svensdatter, Princess of Denmark,³⁷ daughter of Svend I "Forked Beard", King of Denmark, Norway and England and Swietoslava,. Estrid was born about 997 in Denmark and was buried in Cathedral, Roskilde, Roskilde, Denmark. Another name for Estrid was Margrete Svensdatter.

(Duplicate Line. See Person 73)

79. Bjorn Ulfiusson ³⁷ (Estrid Svensdatter, Princess of Denmark⁷³, Svend I "Forked Beard", King of Denmark, Norway and England⁶⁷, Harald "the Blue Tooth" Gormsson, King of Denmark⁶¹, Geva Knudsson, King of Denmark⁵⁷, Knud Sigurdsson⁵³, Sigurd "Snake-Eye" Ragnarsson⁴⁹, Ragnar "Lodbrok" Sigurdsson⁴⁶, Sigurd "Ring" Randversson, King in Sweden⁴⁴, Randver Radbartsson⁴¹, Aud Ivarsdatter³⁸, Ivar "Vidfame", King in Sweden³⁵, Halfdan, King in Sweden³², Harald²⁹, Valdar²⁶, Hroar²³, Halfdan²¹, Frodi¹⁹, Fridleif¹⁸, Frodi¹⁶, Dan¹⁵, Olaf¹⁴, Vermund¹³, Frodi¹², Havar¹¹, Fridleif¹⁰, Frodi⁹, Fridleif⁸, Skjöldr, King of Denmark [Legendary]⁷, Odin, [Mythological]⁶, Frithuwald, [Mythological]⁵, Freothalaf, [Mythological]⁴, Finn, [Mythological]³, Flocwald, [Mythological]², Godwulf, [Mythological]¹) was born about 1021 in <Denmark> and died about 1049 about age 28. Another name for Bjorn was Bjorn Estridsen.

Bjorn married someone.

His child was:

+ 84 M    i. Sigurd, Earl of Northumberland ^{37 41 42} was born before 1013 in <Denmark>, died in 1055 in York, Yorkshire, England, and was buried in Galmanho Abby, York, Yorkshire, England.

  36th Generation  

80. Haakon Paalsson ²⁰ (Paul Thorfinnsson, Jarl of Orkney and Caithness⁷⁴, Thorfinn II "the Black" Sigurdsson, Earl of Orkney⁶⁸, Sigurd II "Digri" Hlodversson⁶², Hlodver Thorfinnsson, Earl of Orkney⁵⁸, Grelod Duncansdatter⁵⁴, Groa Thorsteinsdatter⁵⁰, Thurid Eyvindsdatter⁴⁷, Eyvind "the Easterling"⁴⁵, Bjarni⁴³, Hrolf⁴⁰, Solgi³⁷, Harald "Hilditonn"³⁴, Hraerek "Slaunvanbauga"³¹, Halfdan²⁸, Frodi²⁵, Hraerek "Hnauggvanbaug"²², Ingjald²⁰, Frodi¹⁹, Fridleif¹⁸, Frodi¹⁶, Dan¹⁵, Olaf¹⁴, Vermund¹³, Frodi¹², Havar¹¹, Fridleif¹⁰, Frodi⁹, Fridleif⁸, Skjöldr, King of Denmark [Legendary]⁷, Odin, [Mythological]⁶, Frithuwald, [Mythological]⁵, Freothalaf, [Mythological]⁴, Finn, [Mythological]³, Flocwald, [Mythological]², Godwulf, [Mythological]¹) was born about 1070 in <Orkney, Orkney Islands, Scotland> and died in 1122 in Orkney, Orkney Islands, Scotland about age 52. Another name for Haakon was Haco Paalsson.

Haakon married Helga Maddannsdatter,²⁰ daughter of Moddan, Earl of Caithness and Unknown, about 1103 in Orkney Islands, Scotland. Helga was born about 1080 in <Caithness, Scotland>.

The child from this marriage was:

+ 85 F    i. Ingebiorg Hakonsdatter ²⁰ was born about 1106 in <Orkney, Orkney Islands, Scotland>.

81. Robert de Brusse ⁴⁰ (Ragnvald Brusesson⁷⁵, Brusi Sigurdsson⁶⁹, Sigurd II "Digri" Hlodversson⁶², Hlodver Thorfinnsson, Earl of Orkney⁵⁸, Grelod Duncansdatter⁵⁴, Groa Thorsteinsdatter⁵⁰, Thurid Eyvindsdatter⁴⁷, Eyvind "the Easterling"⁴⁵, Bjarni⁴³, Hrolf⁴⁰, Solgi³⁷, Harald "Hilditonn"³⁴, Hraerek "Slaunvanbauga"³¹, Halfdan²⁸, Frodi²⁵, Hraerek "Hnauggvanbaug"²², Ingjald²⁰, Frodi¹⁹, Fridleif¹⁸, Frodi¹⁶, Dan¹⁵, Olaf¹⁴, Vermund¹³, Frodi¹², Havar¹¹, Fridleif¹⁰, Frodi⁹, Fridleif⁸, Skjöldr, King of Denmark [Legendary]⁷, Odin, [Mythological]⁶, Frithuwald, [Mythological]⁵, Freothalaf, [Mythological]⁴, Finn, [Mythological]³, Flocwald, [Mythological]², Godwulf, [Mythological]¹) was born about 1036 in <Carrick, Ayrshire, Scotland> and died between 1080 and 1098.

Robert married Emma, de Brittany,⁴⁰ daughter of Alan, Count of Brittany and Unknown,. Emma was born about 1034 in Brittany, (France) and died about 1094 about age 60.

The child from this marriage was:

+ 86 M    i. Adam Brus ⁴⁰ was born about 1051 in <Carrick, Ayrshire, Scotland> and died between 1080 and 1098.

82. Somerled I Gillebrideson ²⁷ (Gillebride⁷⁶, Gille Adoman I Gilleson⁷⁰, Hvarflad Hlodversdatter⁶³, Hlodver Thorfinnsson, Earl of Orkney⁵⁸, Grelod Duncansdatter⁵⁴, Groa Thorsteinsdatter⁵⁰, Thurid Eyvindsdatter⁴⁷, Eyvind "the Easterling"⁴⁵, Bjarni⁴³, Hrolf⁴⁰, Solgi³⁷, Harald "Hilditonn"³⁴, Hraerek "Slaunvanbauga"³¹, Halfdan²⁸, Frodi²⁵, Hraerek "Hnauggvanbaug"²², Ingjald²⁰, Frodi¹⁹, Fridleif¹⁸, Frodi¹⁶, Dan¹⁵, Olaf¹⁴, Vermund¹³, Frodi¹², Havar¹¹, Fridleif¹⁰, Frodi⁹, Fridleif⁸, Skjöldr, King of Denmark [Legendary]⁷, Odin, [Mythological]⁶, Frithuwald, [Mythological]⁵, Freothalaf, [Mythological]⁴, Finn, [Mythological]³, Flocwald, [Mythological]², Godwulf, [Mythological]¹) was born about 1030 in <Scotland>.

Somerled married someone.

His child was:

+ 87 M    i. Imergi Somerledson ²⁷ was born about 1050 in <Scotland>.

83. Styrbjorn "the Strong" Olafsson, Prince of Sweden ³⁷ (Olof "Mitkg" Bjornsson, King of Sweden⁷⁷, Bjorn "the Old" Eriksson, King of Sweden⁷¹, Erik Edmundsson⁶⁴, Emund Eriksson⁵⁹, Erik Refillsson⁵⁵, Refill Bjornsson⁵¹, Bjorn "Ironside" Ragnarsson⁴⁸, Ragnar "Lodbrok" Sigurdsson⁴⁶, Sigurd "Ring" Randversson, King in Sweden⁴⁴, Randver Radbartsson⁴¹, Aud Ivarsdatter³⁸, Ivar "Vidfame", King in Sweden³⁵, Halfdan, King in Sweden³², Harald²⁹, Valdar²⁶, Hroar²³, Halfdan²¹, Frodi¹⁹, Fridleif¹⁸, Frodi¹⁶, Dan¹⁵, Olaf¹⁴, Vermund¹³, Frodi¹², Havar¹¹, Fridleif¹⁰, Frodi⁹, Fridleif⁸, Skjöldr, King of Denmark [Legendary]⁷, Odin, [Mythological]⁶, Frithuwald, [Mythological]⁵, Freothalaf, [Mythological]⁴, Finn, [Mythological]³, Flocwald, [Mythological]², Godwulf, [Mythological]¹) was born about 903 in Sweden and died in 985 in Fyrisval, Uppsala, Sweden about age 82.

Styrbjorn married Thyra Haraldsdatter, Queen of Norway,³⁷ daughter of Harald "the Blue Tooth" Gormsson, King of Denmark and Gyrid Olafsdottir,. Thyra was born about 947 in <Denmark> and died on 18 Sep 1000 in Norway about age 53.

(Duplicate Line. See Person 66)

84. Sigurd, Earl of Northumberland ^{37 41 42} (Bjorn Ulfiusson⁷⁹, Estrid Svensdatter, Princess of Denmark⁷³, Svend I "Forked Beard", King of Denmark, Norway and England⁶⁷, Harald "the Blue Tooth" Gormsson, King of Denmark⁶¹, Geva Knudsson, King of Denmark⁵⁷, Knud Sigurdsson⁵³, Sigurd "Snake-Eye" Ragnarsson⁴⁹, Ragnar "Lodbrok" Sigurdsson⁴⁶, Sigurd "Ring" Randversson, King in Sweden⁴⁴, Randver Radbartsson⁴¹, Aud Ivarsdatter³⁸, Ivar "Vidfame", King in Sweden³⁵, Halfdan, King in Sweden³², Harald²⁹, Valdar²⁶, Hroar²³, Halfdan²¹, Frodi¹⁹, Fridleif¹⁸, Frodi¹⁶, Dan¹⁵, Olaf¹⁴, Vermund¹³, Frodi¹², Havar¹¹, Fridleif¹⁰, Frodi⁹, Fridleif⁸, Skjöldr, King of Denmark [Legendary]⁷, Odin, [Mythological]⁶, Frithuwald, [Mythological]⁵, Freothalaf, [Mythological]⁴, Finn, [Mythological]³, Flocwald, [Mythological]², Godwulf, [Mythological]¹) was born before 1013 in <Denmark>, died in 1055 in York, Yorkshire, England, and was buried in Galmanho Abby, York, Yorkshire, England. Other names for Sigurd were Siward Earl of Northumbria, Siward Biornsson, and Sigurd Bjornsson Earl of Northumberland.

Birth Notes: FamilySearch has b. abt 1020.

Research Notes: From Wikipedia - Siward, Earl of Northumbria :

Siward or Sigurd (Old English : Sigeweard) was an earl and commander in 11th-century northern England. The Old Norse nickname Digri ("the Stout") and Latin translation Grossus ("the Fat") are given to him by near-contemporary texts.[1] The English name Sigeweard was cognate to the single Old Norse name written variously as Sigvarðr and Sigurðr.[2]


Probably of Scandinavian origin, Siward emerged as a powerful regional strongman in England during the reign of Cnut (1016-1035). By 1033 Siward was in control of what is now Yorkshire, governing southern Northumbria as earl on Cnut's behalf. He married Ælfflæd, the daughter of an Earl of Bamburgh . After killing a different Earl of Bamburgh in 1041, Siward gained control of all Northumbria. He exerted his power in support of Kings Harthacnut and Edward , and turned against the Scottish King Mac Bethad mac Findlaích ("Macbeth"), whom he defeated in battle in 1054. Siward died the following year.

Henry of Huntingdon, in his Historia Anglorum, related that when Siward was attacked by dysentery , fearing to die "like a cow" and wishing rather to die like a soldier, he clothed himself in armour and took to hand an axe and shield. Ennobled in such a manner, Siward died.[81] This anecdote is of doubtful historicity, and is thought to be derived from the saga devoted to Earl Siward, now lost.[82] The Vita Ædwardi Regis said that Siward died at York and was buried in "the monastery of St Olaf", i.e., Galmanho , a claim confirmed by the Anglo-Saxon Chronicle, the Worcester Chronicle, and the Historia Regum among others.[83]

Sigurd married Aelfflaed, of Bernicia,^{43 44 45} daughter of Ealdred, Earl of Bernicia and Unknown,. Aelfflaed was born about 1031 in <Bernicia, Northumbria>, England. Other names for Aelfflaed were Aelfled of Bernicia and Elfleda of Bernicia.

Research Notes: From Wikipedia - Waltheof, Earl of Northumbria :

[Waltheof] was the second son of Siward, Earl of Northumbria . His mother was Aelfflaed, daughter of Ealdred, Earl of Bernicia , son of Uhtred, Earl of Northumbria . In 1054, Waltheof's brother, Osbearn, who was much older than him, was killed in battle, making Waltheof his father's heir. Siward himself died in 1055, and Waltheof being far too young to succeed as Earl of Northumbria, King Edward appointed Tostig Godwinson to the earldom.

The child from this marriage was:

+ 88 M    i. Waltheof II, Earl of Northumberland ^{37 43 45} was born in 1050, died on 31 May 1076 in Winchester, (Hampshire), England at age 26, and was buried in Chapter House of Croyland Abbey, Winchester, Hampshire, England.

  37th Generation  

85. Ingebiorg Hakonsdatter ²⁰ (Haakon Paalsson⁸⁰, Paul Thorfinnsson, Jarl of Orkney and Caithness⁷⁴, Thorfinn II "the Black" Sigurdsson, Earl of Orkney⁶⁸, Sigurd II "Digri" Hlodversson⁶², Hlodver Thorfinnsson, Earl of Orkney⁵⁸, Grelod Duncansdatter⁵⁴, Groa Thorsteinsdatter⁵⁰, Thurid Eyvindsdatter⁴⁷, Eyvind "the Easterling"⁴⁵, Bjarni⁴³, Hrolf⁴⁰, Solgi³⁷, Harald "Hilditonn"³⁴, Hraerek "Slaunvanbauga"³¹, Halfdan²⁸, Frodi²⁵, Hraerek "Hnauggvanbaug"²², Ingjald²⁰, Frodi¹⁹, Fridleif¹⁸, Frodi¹⁶, Dan¹⁵, Olaf¹⁴, Vermund¹³, Frodi¹², Havar¹¹, Fridleif¹⁰, Frodi⁹, Fridleif⁸, Skjöldr, King of Denmark [Legendary]⁷, Odin, [Mythological]⁶, Frithuwald, [Mythological]⁵, Freothalaf, [Mythological]⁴, Finn, [Mythological]³, Flocwald, [Mythological]², Godwulf, [Mythological]¹) was born about 1106 in <Orkney, Orkney Islands, Scotland>.

Ingebiorg married Olave I Bitling, King of the Isle of Man,²⁰ son of Godfred Crovan Haraldson and Unknown,. Olave was born about 1080 in <Isle of Man> and died after 1153 in Isle of Man (Mann).

The child from this marriage was:

+ 89 F    i. Ragnhild Olafsdatter ²⁰ was born about 1117 in <Isle of Man>.

86. Adam Brus ⁴⁰ (Robert de Brusse⁸¹, Ragnvald Brusesson⁷⁵, Brusi Sigurdsson⁶⁹, Sigurd II "Digri" Hlodversson⁶², Hlodver Thorfinnsson, Earl of Orkney⁵⁸, Grelod Duncansdatter⁵⁴, Groa Thorsteinsdatter⁵⁰, Thurid Eyvindsdatter⁴⁷, Eyvind "the Easterling"⁴⁵, Bjarni⁴³, Hrolf⁴⁰, Solgi³⁷, Harald "Hilditonn"³⁴, Hraerek "Slaunvanbauga"³¹, Halfdan²⁸, Frodi²⁵, Hraerek "Hnauggvanbaug"²², Ingjald²⁰, Frodi¹⁹, Fridleif¹⁸, Frodi¹⁶, Dan¹⁵, Olaf¹⁴, Vermund¹³, Frodi¹², Havar¹¹, Fridleif¹⁰, Frodi⁹, Fridleif⁸, Skjöldr, King of Denmark [Legendary]⁷, Odin, [Mythological]⁶, Frithuwald, [Mythological]⁵, Freothalaf, [Mythological]⁴, Finn, [Mythological]³, Flocwald, [Mythological]², Godwulf, [Mythological]¹) was born about 1051 in <Carrick, Ayrshire, Scotland> and died between 1080 and 1098. Another name for Adam was Adelm Brus.

Adam married Emma Ramsey.⁴⁰ Emma was born about 1062 in <Carrick, Argyllshire, Scotland>.

The child from this marriage was:

+ 90 M    i. Robert de Brus, 1st Lord of Annandale ⁴⁶ was born about 1071 in <Skelton, Yorkshire, England>, died on 11 May 1141 in Skelton, North Yorkshire, England about age 70, and was buried in Gisborough Priory, Guisborough, North Yorkshire, England.

87. Imergi Somerledson ²⁷ (Somerled I Gillebrideson⁸², Gillebride⁷⁶, Gille Adoman I Gilleson⁷⁰, Hvarflad Hlodversdatter⁶³, Hlodver Thorfinnsson, Earl of Orkney⁵⁸, Grelod Duncansdatter⁵⁴, Groa Thorsteinsdatter⁵⁰, Thurid Eyvindsdatter⁴⁷, Eyvind "the Easterling"⁴⁵, Bjarni⁴³, Hrolf⁴⁰, Solgi³⁷, Harald "Hilditonn"³⁴, Hraerek "Slaunvanbauga"³¹, Halfdan²⁸, Frodi²⁵, Hraerek "Hnauggvanbaug"²², Ingjald²⁰, Frodi¹⁹, Fridleif¹⁸, Frodi¹⁶, Dan¹⁵, Olaf¹⁴, Vermund¹³, Frodi¹², Havar¹¹, Fridleif¹⁰, Frodi⁹, Fridleif⁸, Skjöldr, King of Denmark [Legendary]⁷, Odin, [Mythological]⁶, Frithuwald, [Mythological]⁵, Freothalaf, [Mythological]⁴, Finn, [Mythological]³, Flocwald, [Mythological]², Godwulf, [Mythological]¹) was born about 1050 in <Scotland>. Another name for Imergi was Gilledoman Somerledson.

Imergi married someone.

His child was:

+ 91 M    i. Gillebride ²⁷ was born about 1080 in <Scotland>.

88. Waltheof II, Earl of Northumberland ^{37 43 45} (Sigurd, Earl of Northumberland⁸⁴, Bjorn Ulfiusson⁷⁹, Estrid Svensdatter, Princess of Denmark⁷³, Svend I "Forked Beard", King of Denmark, Norway and England⁶⁷, Harald "the Blue Tooth" Gormsson, King of Denmark⁶¹, Geva Knudsson, King of Denmark⁵⁷, Knud Sigurdsson⁵³, Sigurd "Snake-Eye" Ragnarsson⁴⁹, Ragnar "Lodbrok" Sigurdsson⁴⁶, Sigurd "Ring" Randversson, King in Sweden⁴⁴, Randver Radbartsson⁴¹, Aud Ivarsdatter³⁸, Ivar "Vidfame", King in Sweden³⁵, Halfdan, King in Sweden³², Harald²⁹, Valdar²⁶, Hroar²³, Halfdan²¹, Frodi¹⁹, Fridleif¹⁸, Frodi¹⁶, Dan¹⁵, Olaf¹⁴, Vermund¹³, Frodi¹², Havar¹¹, Fridleif¹⁰, Frodi⁹, Fridleif⁸, Skjöldr, King of Denmark [Legendary]⁷, Odin, [Mythological]⁶, Frithuwald, [Mythological]⁵, Freothalaf, [Mythological]⁴, Finn, [Mythological]³, Flocwald, [Mythological]², Godwulf, [Mythological]¹) was born in 1050, died on 31 May 1076 in Winchester, (Hampshire), England at age 26, and was buried in Chapter House of Croyland Abbey, Winchester, Hampshire, England.

Death Notes: Beheaded

Research Notes: From Wikipedia - Waltheof, Earl of Northumbria :

Waltheof (1050 -31 May 1076 ), Earl of Northumbria and last of the Anglo-Saxon earls . He was the only English aristocrat to be formally executed during the reign of William I . He was reputed for his physical strength but was weak and unreliable in character.

Early Life
He was the second son of Siward, Earl of Northumbria . His mother was Aelfflaed, daughter of Ealdred, Earl of Bernicia , son of Uhtred, Earl of Northumbria . In 1054, Waltheof's brother, Osbearn, who was much older than him, was killed in battle, making Waltheof his father's heir. Siward himself died in 1055, and Waltheof being far too young to succeed as Earl of Northumbria, King Edward appointed Tostig Godwinson to the earldom.

He was said to be devout and charitable and was probably educated for a monastic life. In fact, around 1065 he became an earl, governing Northamptonshire and Huntingdonshire . Following the Battle of Hastings he submitted to William and was allowed to keep his pre-Conquest title and possessions. He remained at William's court until 1068.

First revolt
When Sweyn II invaded Northern England in 1069 Waltheof and Edgar Ætheling joined the Danes and took part in the attack on York . He would again make a fresh submission to William after the departure of the invaders in 1070. He was restored to his earldom, and went on to marry William's niece, Judith of Lens . In 1072, he was appointed Earl of Northampton .

The Domesday Book mentions Waltheof ("Walleff"); "'In Hallam ("Halun"), one manor with its sixteen hamlets, there are twenty-nine carucates [~14 km²] to be taxed. There Earl Waltheof had an "Aula" [hall or court]. There may have been about twenty ploughs. This land Roger de Busli holds of the Countess Judith." (Hallam, or Hallamshire , is now part of the city of Sheffield .

In 1072, William expelled Gospatric from the earldom of Northumbria. Gospatric was Waltheof's cousin and had taken part in the attack on York with him, but like Waltheof, had been pardoned by William. Gospatric fled into exile and William appointed Waltheof as the new earl.

Waltheof had many enemies in the north. Amongst them were members of a family who had killed Waltheof's maternal great-grandfather, Uchtred the Bold , and his grandfather Ealdred . This was part of a long-running blood feud. In 1074, Waltheof moved against the family by sending his retainers to ambush them, succeeding in killing the two eldest of four brothers.

Second revolt and death
In 1075 Waltheof joined the Revolt of the Earls against William. His motives for taking part in the revolt are unclear, as is the depth of his involvement. However he repented, confessing his guilt first to Archbishop Lanfranc , and then in person to William, who was at the time in Normandy . He returned to England with William but was arrested, brought twice before the king's court and sentenced to death.

He spent almost a year in confinement before being beheaded on May 31 , 1076 at St. Giles's Hill , near Winchester . He was said to have spent the months of his captivity in prayer and fasting. Many people believed in his innocence and were surprised when the execution was carried out. His body was initially thrown in a ditch, but was later retrieved and was buried in the chapter house of Croyland Abbey .

Family and children
In 1070 he married Judith of Lens , daughter of Lambert II, Count of Lens and Adelaide of Normandy , Countess of Aumale . They had three daughters, the eldest of whom, Maud , brought the earldom of Huntingdon to her second husband, David I of Scotland , and another of whom, Adelise, married the Anglo-Norman noble Raoul III of Tosny .

One of Waltheof's grandsons was Waltheof (d. 1159), abbot of Melrose .

Noted events in his life were:

• Earl of Northampton:

Waltheof married Judith, of Lens,^{37 45 47} daughter of Enguerrand II, Count of Ponthieu and Adelaide, of Normandy, Countess of Aumale, in 1070 in Artois, France. Judith was born in 1054 in <Lens, Artois>, France. Another name for Judith was Judith of Boulogne.

Research Notes: Source: Ancestral Roots of Certain American Colonists Who Came to America before 1700 by Frederick Lewis Weis and Walter Lee Sheppard, Jr, ed. by William R. Beall & Kaleen E. Beall, Baltimore, 2008, Line 130-25, also 98A-23. From note for Line 148-22 (after 22. Lambert of Boulogne): "Judith of Lens (Gen. 23 in previous editions) appears to have been Adelaide's child by her first marriage to Enguerrand II. See Judith of Lens (130-25, 98A-23) for her descendants.)

Here father was previously thought to be Lambert II, Count of Lens (e.g., in Magna Charta Barons, p. 81).

Children from this marriage were:

+ 92 F    i. Maud, of Huntingdon ^{48 49 50} was born about 1074 and died in 1131 about age 57.

+ 93 F    ii. Alice Huntingdon ^{37 45} was born about 1085 in <Flamsted, Hertfordshire>, England and died after 1126.

  38th Generation  

89. Ragnhild Olafsdatter ²⁰ (Ingebiorg Hakonsdatter⁸⁵, Haakon Paalsson⁸⁰, Paul Thorfinnsson, Jarl of Orkney and Caithness⁷⁴, Thorfinn II "the Black" Sigurdsson, Earl of Orkney⁶⁸, Sigurd II "Digri" Hlodversson⁶², Hlodver Thorfinnsson, Earl of Orkney⁵⁸, Grelod Duncansdatter⁵⁴, Groa Thorsteinsdatter⁵⁰, Thurid Eyvindsdatter⁴⁷, Eyvind "the Easterling"⁴⁵, Bjarni⁴³, Hrolf⁴⁰, Solgi³⁷, Harald "Hilditonn"³⁴, Hraerek "Slaunvanbauga"³¹, Halfdan²⁸, Frodi²⁵, Hraerek "Hnauggvanbaug"²², Ingjald²⁰, Frodi¹⁹, Fridleif¹⁸, Frodi¹⁶, Dan¹⁵, Olaf¹⁴, Vermund¹³, Frodi¹², Havar¹¹, Fridleif¹⁰, Frodi⁹, Fridleif⁸, Skjöldr, King of Denmark [Legendary]⁷, Odin, [Mythological]⁶, Frithuwald, [Mythological]⁵, Freothalaf, [Mythological]⁴, Finn, [Mythological]³, Flocwald, [Mythological]², Godwulf, [Mythological]¹) was born about 1117 in <Isle of Man>.

Ragnhild married Somerled, King of the Isles,²⁷ son of Gillebride and Unknown,. Somerled was born about 1113 in <Morven, Argyleshire, Scotland>, died on 1 Jan 1164 in Renfrew, (Renfrewshire), Scotland about age 51, and was buried in Abbey of Saddell, Kintyre, Argule, Scotland.

The child from this marriage was:

+ 94 M    i. Reginald, Lord of the Isles ^{27 51} was born about 1148 in <Morven, Argyleshire, Scotland> and died in 1207 in Kintyre, Argyleshire, Scotland about age 59.

90. Robert de Brus, 1st Lord of Annandale ⁴⁶ (Adam Brus⁸⁶, Robert de Brusse⁸¹, Ragnvald Brusesson⁷⁵, Brusi Sigurdsson⁶⁹, Sigurd II "Digri" Hlodversson⁶², Hlodver Thorfinnsson, Earl of Orkney⁵⁸, Grelod Duncansdatter⁵⁴, Groa Thorsteinsdatter⁵⁰, Thurid Eyvindsdatter⁴⁷, Eyvind "the Easterling"⁴⁵, Bjarni⁴³, Hrolf⁴⁰, Solgi³⁷, Harald "Hilditonn"³⁴, Hraerek "Slaunvanbauga"³¹, Halfdan²⁸, Frodi²⁵, Hraerek "Hnauggvanbaug"²², Ingjald²⁰, Frodi¹⁹, Fridleif¹⁸, Frodi¹⁶, Dan¹⁵, Olaf¹⁴, Vermund¹³, Frodi¹², Havar¹¹, Fridleif¹⁰, Frodi⁹, Fridleif⁸, Skjöldr, King of Denmark [Legendary]⁷, Odin, [Mythological]⁶, Frithuwald, [Mythological]⁵, Freothalaf, [Mythological]⁴, Finn, [Mythological]³, Flocwald, [Mythological]², Godwulf, [Mythological]¹) was born about 1071 in <Skelton, Yorkshire, England>, died on 11 May 1141 in Skelton, North Yorkshire, England about age 70, and was buried in Gisborough Priory, Guisborough, North Yorkshire, England. Other names for Robert were Robert Bruce 1st Lord of Annandale and Robert I de Brus 1st Lord of Annandale.

Research Notes: From Wikipedia - Robert de Brus, 1st Lord of Annandale :

Robert I de Brus (died 1142) was an early 12th century Norman baron and knight, the first of the Bruce dynasty of Scotland. A monastic patron, he is remembered as the founder of Gisborough Priory in Yorkshire in 1119.[1]

Family
Nothing is known of Robert's father, except that he was a landowner in Normandy.[2] An early modern historiographical tradition that he was the son of a Norman noble named Robert de Brus who came to England with William the Conqueror has been found to be without basis.[2]
Modern historians contend that Robert may have come from Brix, Manche , near Cherbourg in the Cotentin Peninsula , and came to Britain after King Henry I of England 's conquest of Normandy (i.e: at the same time as Alan fitzFlaad , ancestor of the Stewart Royal Family). David fitz Malcolm (after 1124 King David I of Scotland ), was present in France with King Henry and was granted much of the Cotentin Peninsula. It is suggested that Robert de Brus's presences and absences at Henry's court coincide with David's.

Scotland
Whatever his immediate ancestry, what is known beyond doubt is that he went to Scotland, where the new King, David , made Robert Lord of Annandale in 1124,[3]. although there is scant evidence that this Robert took up residence on his Scottish estates.

Battle of The Standard
After the death of King Henry, David turned against Henry's successor, King Stephen . As a result Robert de Brus and King David parted company, with Robert bitterly renouncing his homage to David before taking the English side at the Battle of the Standard .[4]

[edit ] Marriage
Robert is said to have married twice: (1) Agnes, daughter of Geoffrey Bainard, sheriff of York and (2) Agnes, daughter and heiress of Fulk de Pagnall, Lord of Carleton, Yorkshire[5][6]
There were two sons, but it is unclear by which spouse:
Robert de Brus, 2nd Lord of Annandale , who inherited the Lordship of Annandale .
Adam de Brus, whose descendants continued to hold lands in England as Lords of Skelton . When Peter de Brus III, last Bruce Lord of Skelton, died in 1272, his sisters were co-heiresses. One of them, Laderia, carried Carleton to her marriage with John de Bellew, whose daughter, Sybil married Sir Miles de Stapleton (k. 1314, at the Battle of Bannockburn ), whose family were subsequently designated "of Carleton".[7][8] This appears to confirm the de Brus and de Pagnall of Carleton connection. Sir Miles Stapleton's son and heir, Sir Gilbert (d. 1321) married Agnes, daughter of Bryan FitzAlan, Lord FitzAlan ,[9] and a granddaughter of Devorguilla of Galloway (d. 1290) wife of John de Balliol, Lord of Barnard Castle , whose son was King John of Scotland .[10]

Noted events in his life were:

• Created: Lord of Annandale, 1124. by David, King of Scotland

• Founded: Gisborough Abbey, 1119, Guisborough, North Yorkshire, England.

Robert married Agnes Bainard,⁵² daughter of Geoffrey Bainard, Sheriff of York and Unknown,.

Research Notes: From Wikipedia - Robert de Brus, 1st Lord of Annandale:

"Robert is said to have married twice: (1) Agnes, daughter of Geoffrey Bainard, sheriff of York and (2) Agnes, daughter and heiress of Fulk de Pagnall, Lord of Carleton, Yorkshire[5][6]
There were two sons, but it is unclear by which spouse:"

Robert next married Agnes de Pagnall,^{52 53} daughter of Fulk de Pagnall, Lord of Carleton, Yorkshire and Unknown,. Agnes was born about 1076 in <Skelton, Yorkshire, England>. Another name for Agnes was Agnes Pagnel.

Research Notes: From Wikipedia - Robert de Brus, 1st Lord of Annandale:

"Robert is said to have married twice: (1) Agnes, daughter of Geoffrey Bainard, sheriff of York and (2) Agnes, daughter and heiress of Fulk de Pagnall, Lord of Carleton, Yorkshire[5][6]
There were two sons, but it is unclear by which spouse:"

Children from this marriage were:

+ 95 M    i. Adam Brus ^{52 53} was born about 1101 in <Skelton, Yorkshire, England>, died in 1143 about age 42, and was buried in Gisborough Priory, Guisborough, North Yorkshire, England.

+ 96 M    ii. Robert de Brus, 2nd Lord of Annandale ⁵⁴ died in 1194.

91. Gillebride ²⁷ (Imergi Somerledson⁸⁷, Somerled I Gillebrideson⁸², Gillebride⁷⁶, Gille Adoman I Gilleson⁷⁰, Hvarflad Hlodversdatter⁶³, Hlodver Thorfinnsson, Earl of Orkney⁵⁸, Grelod Duncansdatter⁵⁴, Groa Thorsteinsdatter⁵⁰, Thurid Eyvindsdatter⁴⁷, Eyvind "the Easterling"⁴⁵, Bjarni⁴³, Hrolf⁴⁰, Solgi³⁷, Harald "Hilditonn"³⁴, Hraerek "Slaunvanbauga"³¹, Halfdan²⁸, Frodi²⁵, Hraerek "Hnauggvanbaug"²², Ingjald²⁰, Frodi¹⁹, Fridleif¹⁸, Frodi¹⁶, Dan¹⁵, Olaf¹⁴, Vermund¹³, Frodi¹², Havar¹¹, Fridleif¹⁰, Frodi⁹, Fridleif⁸, Skjöldr, King of Denmark [Legendary]⁷, Odin, [Mythological]⁶, Frithuwald, [Mythological]⁵, Freothalaf, [Mythological]⁴, Finn, [Mythological]³, Flocwald, [Mythological]², Godwulf, [Mythological]¹) was born about 1080 in <Scotland>.

Gillebride married someone.

His child was:

+ 97 M    i. Somerled, King of the Isles ²⁷ was born about 1113 in <Morven, Argyleshire, Scotland>, died on 1 Jan 1164 in Renfrew, (Renfrewshire), Scotland about age 51, and was buried in Abbey of Saddell, Kintyre, Argule, Scotland.

92. Maud, of Huntingdon ^{48 49 50} (Waltheof II, Earl of Northumberland⁸⁸, Sigurd, Earl of Northumberland⁸⁴, Bjorn Ulfiusson⁷⁹, Estrid Svensdatter, Princess of Denmark⁷³, Svend I "Forked Beard", King of Denmark, Norway and England⁶⁷, Harald "the Blue Tooth" Gormsson, King of Denmark⁶¹, Geva Knudsson, King of Denmark⁵⁷, Knud Sigurdsson⁵³, Sigurd "Snake-Eye" Ragnarsson⁴⁹, Ragnar "Lodbrok" Sigurdsson⁴⁶, Sigurd "Ring" Randversson, King in Sweden⁴⁴, Randver Radbartsson⁴¹, Aud Ivarsdatter³⁸, Ivar "Vidfame", King in Sweden³⁵, Halfdan, King in Sweden³², Harald²⁹, Valdar²⁶, Hroar²³, Halfdan²¹, Frodi¹⁹, Fridleif¹⁸, Frodi¹⁶, Dan¹⁵, Olaf¹⁴, Vermund¹³, Frodi¹², Havar¹¹, Fridleif¹⁰, Frodi⁹, Fridleif⁸, Skjöldr, King of Denmark [Legendary]⁷, Odin, [Mythological]⁶, Frithuwald, [Mythological]⁵, Freothalaf, [Mythological]⁴, Finn, [Mythological]³, Flocwald, [Mythological]², Godwulf, [Mythological]¹) was born about 1074 and died in 1131 about age 57. Other names for Maud were Matilda of Huntingdon and Maude of Huntingdon.

Research Notes: Widow of Simon de St. Liz.

From Wikipedia - Maud, Countess of Huntingdon :

Maud of Northumbria (1074-1130), countess for the Honour of Huntingdon , was the daughter of Waltheof II, Earl of Northumbria and Judith of Lens , the last of the major Anglo-Saxon earls to remain powerful after the Norman conquest of England in 1066. She inherited her father's earldom of Huntingdon and married twice.

Her mother, Judith, refused to marry Simon I of St Liz, 1st Earl of Northampton . This refusal angered her uncle, King William I of England , who confiscated Judith's estates after she fled the country. Instead her daughter Maud was married to Simon of St Liz in 1090. She had a number of children with St Liz including:
Matilda of St Liz (Maud), married Robert FitzRichard and then Saer de Quincy, 1st Earl of Winchester ..
Simon II de St Liz, 4th Earl of Huntingdon and Northampton .
Saint Walteof de St Liz (1100 - bt 1159 - 1160).

Her first husband died in 1109 and Maud next married King David I of Scotland in 1113. From this marriage she had one son, Henry .

The Scottish House of Dunkeld produced the remaining Earls of Huntingdon of the first creation of the title. She was succeeded to the Earldom of Huntingdon by her son Henry.

According to John of Fordun , she died in 1130 and was buried at Scone, but she appears in a charter dated 1147.

Noted events in her life were:

• Countess of Huntingdon and Northumberland:

Maud married Simon de Senlis, Earl of Huntingdon and Northampton,^{55 56} son of Ranulph the Rich and Unknown, about 1090. Simon died about 1110. Other names for Simon were Simon de St. Liz and Simon de Senliz Earl of Huntingdon and Northampton.

Research Notes: Crusader, son of Ranulph the Rich, a Norman.

From Wikipedia - Simon I de Senlis, Earl of Huntingdon-Northampton :

Simon I of St Liz, 1st Earl of Northampton and 1st Earl of Huntingdon[1] (died 1109) was a Norman nobleman.

He built Northampton Castle and the town walls[2]. He also built one of the three remaining Round churches in England , the The Holy Sepulchre , Sheep Street, Northampton ).

Family
He married Maud, 2nd Countess of Huntingdon . Simon de Senlis, 4th Earl of Northampton was their son. A daughter, Maud de St. Liz, married Robert Fitz Richard . Waltheof of Melrose was also a son.

The child from this marriage was:

+ 98 F    i. Maud de St. Liz ^{57 58 59} died in 1140.

Maud next married David I "The Saint", King of Scots,^{60 61} son of Malcolm III Canmore, King of Scots and Saint Margaret, of Scotland, 1113 or 1114. David was born about 1083, died on 24 May 1153 in Carlisle about age 70, and was buried in Dunfermline Abbey, Fife, Scotland. Another name for David was Dabíd mac Maíl Choluim.

Research Notes: From Wikipedia - David I of Scotland :

David I or Dabíd mac Maíl Choluim (Modern : Daibhidh I mac [Mhaoil] Chaluim;[1] 1083 x 1085 - 24 May 1153) was a 12th-century ruler who was Prince of the Cumbrians (1113-1124) and later King of the Scots (1124-1153). The youngest son of Malcolm III and Margaret , David spent most of his childhood in Scotland , but was exiled to England temporarily in 1093. Perhaps after 1100, he became a dependent at the court of King Henry I . There he was influenced by the Norman and Anglo-French culture of the court.

When David's brother Alexander I of Scotland died in 1124, David chose, with the backing of Henry I, to take the Kingdom of Scotland (Alba ) for himself. He was forced to engage in warfare against his rival and nephew, Máel Coluim mac Alaxandair . Subduing the latter seems to have taken David ten years, a struggle that involved the destruction of Óengus , Mormaer of Moray . David's victory allowed expansion of control over more distant regions theoretically part of his Kingdom. After the death of his former patron Henry I, David supported the claims of Henry's daughter and his own niece, the former Empress-consort, Matilda , to the throne of England. In the process, he came into conflict with King Stephen and was able to expand his power in northern England, despite his defeat at the Battle of the Standard in 1138.

The term "Davidian Revolution " is used by many scholars to summarise the changes which took place in the Kingdom of Scotland during his reign. These included his foundation of burghs , implementation of the ideals of Gregorian Reform , foundation of monasteries , Normanisation of the Scottish government, and the introduction of feudalism through immigrant French and Anglo-French knights.

Childhood and flight to England
David was born at an unknown point between 1083 and 1085.[2] He was probably the eighth son of King Malcolm III , and certainly the sixth and youngest produced by Malcolm's second marriage to Queen Margaret .[3]

In 1093 King Malcolm and David's brother Edward were killed at the river Aln during an invasion of Northumberland .[4] David and his two brothers Alexander and Edgar , both future kings of Scotland, were probably present when their mother died shortly afterwards.[5] According to later medieval tradition, the three brothers were in Edinburgh when they were besieged by their uncle, Donald Bane .[6]


Donald became King of Scotland.[7] It is not certain what happened next, but an insertion in the Chronicle of Melrose states that Donald forced his three nephews into exile, although he was allied with another of his nephews, Edmund .[8] John of Fordun wrote, centuries later, that an escort into England was arranged for them by their maternal uncle Edgar Ætheling .[9]


Intervention of William Rufus and English exile
William Rufus , King of the English, opposed Donald's accession to the northerly kingdom. He sent the eldest son of Malcolm III, David's half-brother Donnchad , into Scotland with an army. Donnchad was killed within the year,[10] and so in 1097 William sent Donnchad's half-brother Edgar into Scotland. The latter was more successful, and was crowned King by the end of 1097.[11]

During the power struggle of 1093-97, David was in England. In 1093, was probably about nine years old.[12] From 1093 until 1103 David's presence cannot be accounted for in detail, but he appears to have been in Scotland for the remainder of the 1090s. When William Rufus was killed, his brother Henry Beauclerc seized power and married David's sister, Matilda . The marriage made David the brother-in-law of the ruler of England. From that point onwards, David was probably an important figure at the English court.[13] Despite his Gaelic background, by the end of his stay in England, David had become a full-fledged Normanised prince. William of Malmesbury wrote that it was in this period that David "rubbed off all tarnish of Scottish barbarity through being polished by intercourse and friendship with us".[14]

Prince of the Cumbrians, 1113-1124

David's time as Prince of the Cumbrians marks the beginning of his life as a great territorial lord. The year of these beginnings was probably 1113, when Henry I arranged David's marriage to Matilda, Countess of Huntingdon , who was the heiress to the Huntingdon-Northampton lordship. As her husband David used the title of Earl , and there was the prospect that David's children by her would inherit all the honours borne by Matilda's father Waltheof . 1113 is the year when David, for the first time, can be found in possession of territory in what is now Scotland.

Obtaining the inheritance
David's brother, King Edgar, had visited William Rufus in May 1099 and bequeathed to David extensive territory to the south of the river Forth .[15] On 8 January 1107, Edgar died. It has been assumed that David took control of his inheritance , the southern lands bequeathed by Edgar, soon after the latter's death.[16] However, it cannot be shown that he possessed his inheritance until his foundation of Selkirk Abbey late in 1113.[17] According to Richard Oram , it was only in 1113, when Henry returned to England from Normandy, that David was at last in a position to claim his inheritance in southern "Scotland".[18]

King Henry's backing seems to have been enough to force King Alexander to recognise his younger brother's claims. This probably occurred without bloodshed, but through threat of force nonetheless.[19] David's aggression seems to have inspired resentment amongst some native Scots. A Gaelic quatrain from this period complains that:
Olc a ndearna mac Mael Colaim, It's bad what Máel Coluim's son has done;, ar cosaid re hAlaxandir, dividing us from Alexander; do-ní le gach mac rígh romhaind, he causes, like each king's son before; foghail ar faras Albain. the plunder of stable Alba. [20] If "divided from" is anything to go by, this quatrain may have been written in David's new territories in southern "Scotland".[21]

The lands in question consisted of the pre-1975 counties of Roxburghshire , Selkirkshire , Berwickshire , Peeblesshire and Lanarkshire . David, moreover, gained the title princeps Cumbrensis, "Prince of the Cumbrians ", as attested in David's charters from this era.[22] Although this was a large slice of Scotland south of the river Forth, the region of Galloway-proper was entirely outside David's control.[23]

David may perhaps have had varying degrees of overlordship in parts of Dumfriesshire , Ayrshire , Dunbartonshire and Renfrewshire .[24] In the lands between Galloway and the Principality of Cumbria, David eventually set up large-scale marcher lordships, such as Annandale for Robert de Brus, Cunningham for Hugh de Morville, and possibly Strathgryfe for Walter Fitzalan .[25]

In England

In the later part of 1113, King Henry gave David the hand of Matilda of Huntingdon, daughter and heiress of Waltheof, Earl of Northumberland . The marriage brought with it the "Honour of Huntingdon", a lordship scattered through the shires of Northampton , Huntingdon , and Bedford ; within a few years, Matilda de Senlis bore a son, whom David named Henry after his patron.[26]

The new territories which David controlled were a valuable supplement to his income and manpower, increasing his status as one of the most powerful magnates in the Kingdom of the English. Moreover, Matilda's father Waltheof had been Earl of Northumberland , a defunct lordship which had covered the far north of England and included Cumberland and Westmorland , Northumberland -proper, as well as overlordship of the bishopric of Durham. After King Henry's death, David would revive the claim to this earldom for his son Henry.[27]

David's activities and whereabouts after 1114 are not always easy to trace. He spent much of his time outside his principality, in England and in Normandy. Despite the death of his sister on 1 May 1118, David still possessed the favour of King Henry when his brother Alexander died in 1124, leaving Scotland without a king.[28]


Political and military events in Scotland during David's kingship

Michael Lynch and Richard Oram portray David as having little initial connection with the culture and society of the Scots;[29] but both likewise argue that David became increasingly re-Gaelicised in the later stages of his reign.[30] Whatever the case, David's claim to be heir to the Scottish kingdom was doubtful. David was the youngest of eight sons of the fifth from last king. Two more recent kings had produced sons. William fitz Duncan , son of King Donnchad II, and Máel Coluim , son of the last king Alexander, both preceded David in terms of the slowly emerging principles of primogeniture . However, unlike David, neither William nor Máel Coluim had the support of Henry. So when Alexander died in 1124, the aristocracy of Scotland could either accept David as King, or face war with both David and Henry I.[31]

Coronation and struggle for the kingdom

Alexander's son Máel Coluim chose war. Orderic Vitalis reported that Máel Coluim mac Alaxandair "affected to snatch the kingdom from [David], and fought against him two sufficiently fierce battles; but David, who was loftier in understanding and in power and wealth, conquered him and his followers".[32] Máel Coluim escaped unharmed into areas of Scotland not yet under David's control, and in those areas gained shelter and aid.[33]

In either April or May of the same year David was crowned King of Scotland (Gaelic : rí(gh) Alban; Latin : rex Scottorum )[34] at Scone . If later Scottish and Irish evidence can be taken as evidence, the ceremony of coronation was a series of elaborate traditional rituals,[35] of the kind infamous in the Anglo-French world of the 12th century for their "unchristian" elements.[36] Ailred of Rievaulx, friend and one time member of David's court, reported that David "so abhorred those acts of homage which are offered by the Scottish nation in the manner of their fathers upon the recent promotion of their kings, that he was with difficulty compelled by the bishops to receive them".[37]

Outside his "Cumbrian" principality and the southern fringe of Scotland-proper, David exercised little power in the 1120s, and in the words of Richard Oram, was "king of Scots in little more than name".[38] He was probably in that part of Scotland he did rule for most of the time between late 1127 and 1130.[39] However, he was at the court of Henry in 1126 and in early 1127,[40] and returned to Henry's court in 1130, serving as a judge at Woodstock for the treason trial of Geoffrey de Clinton .[39] It was in this year that David's wife, Matilda of Huntingdon, died. Possibly as a result of this,[41] and while David was still in southern England,[42] Scotland-proper rose up in arms against him.

The instigator was, again, his nephew Máel Coluim, who now had the support of Óengus of Moray . King Óengus was David's most powerful "vassal", a man who, as grandson of King Lulach of Scotland , even had his own claim to the kingdom. The rebel Scots had advanced into Angus , where they were met by David's Mercian constable , Edward ; a battle took place at Stracathro near Brechin . According to the Annals of Ulster , 1000 of Edward's army, and 4000 of Óengus' army, including Óengus himself, died.[43]

According to Orderic Vitalis, Edward followed up the killing of Óengus by marching north into Moray itself, which, in Orderic's words, "lacked a defender and lord"; and so Edward, "with God's help obtained the entire duchy of that extensive district".[44] However, this was far from the end of it. Máel Coluim escaped, and four years of continuing "civil war" followed; for David this period was quite simply a "struggle for survival".[45]

It appears that David asked for and obtained extensive military aid from his patron, King Henry. Ailred of Rievaulx related that at this point a large fleet and a large army of Norman knights, including Walter l'Espec, were sent by Henry to Carlisle in order to assist David's attempt to root out his Scottish enemies.[46] The fleet seems to have been used in the Irish Sea , the Firth of Clyde and the entire Argyll coast, where Máel Coluim was probably at large among supporters. In 1134 Máel Coluim was captured and imprisoned in Roxburgh Castle .[47] Since modern historians no longer confuse him with Malcolm MacHeth , it is clear that nothing more is ever heard of Máel Coluim mac Alaxadair, except perhaps that his sons were later allied with Somerled .[48]

Pacification of the west and north
Richard Oram puts forward the suggestion that it was during this period that David granted Walter fitz Alan the kadrez of Strathgryfe , with northern Kyle and the area around Renfrew , forming what would become the "Stewart" lordship of Strathgryfe; he also suggests that Hugh de Morville may have gained the kadrez of Cunningham and the settlement of "Strathyrewen" (i.e. Irvine ). This would indicate that the 1130-34 campaign had resulted in the acquisition of these territories.[49]

How long it took to pacify Moray is not known, but in this period David appointed his nephew William fitz Duncan to succeed Óengus, perhaps in compensation for the exclusion from the succession to the Scottish throne caused by the coming of age of David's son Henry . William may have been given the daughter of Óengus in marriage, cementing his authority in the region. The burghs of Elgin and Forres may have been founded at this point, consolidating royal authority in Moray.[50] David also founded Urquhart Priory , possibly as a "victory monastery", and assigned to it a percentage of his cain (tribute) from Argyll.[51]

During this period too, a marriage was arranged between the son of Matad, Mormaer of Atholl , and the daughter of Haakon Paulsson , Earl of Orkney . The marriage temporarily secured the northern frontier of the Kingdom, and held out the prospect that a son of one of David's Mormaers could gain Orkney and Caithness for the Kingdom of Scotland. Thus, by the time Henry I died on 1 December 1135, David had more of Scotland under his control than ever before.[52]

Dominating the north

While fighting King Stephen and attempting to dominate northern England in the years following 1136, David was continuing his drive for control of the far north of Scotland. In 1139, his cousin, the five year old Harald Maddadsson , was given the title of "Earl" and half the lands of the earldom of Orkney , in addition to Scottish Caithness. Throughout the 1140s Caithness and Sutherland were brought back under the Scottish zone of control.[53] Sometime before 1146 David appointed a native Scot called Aindréas to be the first Bishop of Caithness , a bishopric which was based at Halkirk , near Thurso , in an area which was ethnically Scandinavian.[54]

In 1150, it looked like Caithness and the whole earldom of Orkney were going to come under permanent Scottish control. However, David's plans for the north soon began to encounter problems. In 1151, King Eystein II of Norway put a spanner in the works by sailing through the waterways of Orkney with a large fleet and catching the young Harald unawares in his residence at Thurso. Eystein forced Harald to pay fealty as a condition of his release. Later in the year David hastily responded by supporting the claims to the Orkney earldom of Harald's rival Erlend Haraldsson , granting him half of Caithness in opposition to Harald. King Eystein responded in turn by making a similar grant to this same Erlend, cancelling the effect of David's grant. David's weakness in Orkney was that the Norwegian kings were not prepared to stand back and let him reduce their power.[55]

England

David's relationship with England and the English crown in these years is usually interpreted in two ways. Firstly, his actions are understood in relation to his connections with the King of England. No historian is likely to deny that David's early career was largely manufactured by King Henry I of England. David was the latter's "greatest protégé",[56] one of Henry's "new men".[57] His hostility to Stephen can be interpreted as an effort to uphold the intended inheritance of Henry I, the succession of his daughter, Matilda , the former Empress of the Holy Roman Empire. David carried out his wars in her name, joined her when she arrived in England, and later knighted her son, the future Henry II .[58]

However, David's policy towards England can be interpreted in an additional way. David was the independence-loving king trying to build a "Scoto-Northumbrian" realm by seizing the most northerly parts of the English kingdom. In this perspective, David's support for Matilda is used as a pretext for land-grabbing. David's maternal descent from the House of Wessex and his son Henry's maternal descent from the English Earls of Northumberland is thought to have further encouraged such a project, a project which only came to an end after Henry II ordered David's child successor Máel Coluim IV to hand over the most important of David's gains. It is clear that neither one of these interpretations can be taken without some weight being given to the other.[59]


Usurpation of Stephen and First Treaty of Durham
Henry I had arranged his inheritance to pass to his daughter Empress Matilda . Instead, Stephen , younger brother of Theobald II, Count of Blois , seized the throne.[60] David had been the first lay person to take the oath to uphold the succession of Matilda in 1127, and when Stephen was crowned on 22 December 1135, David decided to make war.[61]

Before December was over, David marched into northern England, and by the end of January he had occupied the castles of Carlisle , Wark , Alnwick , Norham and Newcastle . By February David was at Durham, but an army led by King Stephen met him there. Rather than fight a pitched battle, a treaty was agreed whereby David would retain Carlisle, while David's son Henry was re-granted the title and half the lands of the earldom of Huntingdon, territory which had been confiscated during David's revolt. On Stephen's side he received back the other castles; and while David would do no homage, Stephen was to receive the homage of Henry for both Carlisle and the other English territories. Stephen also gave the rather worthless but for David face-saving promise that if he ever chose to resurrect the defunct earldom of Northumberland, Henry would be given first consideration. Importantly, the issue of Matilda was not mentioned. However, the first Durham treaty quickly broke down after David took insult at the treatment of his son Henry at Stephen's court.[62]


Renewal of war and Clitheroe
When the winter of 1136-37 was over, David again invaded England. The King of the Scots confronted a northern English army waiting for him at Newcastle. Once more pitched battle was avoided, and instead a truce was agreed until November. When November fell, David demanded that Stephen hand over the whole of the old earldom of Northumberland. Stephen's refusal led to David's third invasion, this time in January 1138.[63]

The army which invaded England in the January and February 1138 shocked the English chroniclers. Richard of Hexham called it "an execrable army, savager than any race of heathen yielding honour to neither God nor man" and that it "harried the whole province and slaughtered everywhere folk of either sex, of every age and condition, destroying, pillaging and burning the vills, churches and houses".[64] Several doubtful stories of cannibalism were recorded by chroniclers, and these same chroniclers paint a picture of routine enslavings, as well as killings of churchmen, women and infants.[65]

By February King Stephen marched north to deal with David. The two armies avoided each other, and Stephen was soon on the road south. In the summer David split his army into two forces, sending William fitz Duncan to march into Lancashire , where he harried Furness and Craven . On 10 June, William fitz Duncan met a force of knights and men-at-arms. A pitched battle took place, the battle of Clitheroe , and the English army was routed.[66]


Battle of the Standard and Second Treaty of Durham
By later July, 1138, the two Scottish armies had reunited in "St Cuthbert's land", that is, in the lands controlled by the Bishop of Durham , on the far side of the river Tyne . Another English army had mustered to meet the Scots, this time led by William, Earl of Aumale . The victory at Clitheroe was probably what inspired David to risk battle. David's force, apparently 26,000 strong and several times larger than the English army, met the English on 22 August at Cowdon Moor near Northallerton , North Yorkshire .[67]

The Battle of the Standard , as the encounter came to be called, was unsuccessful for the Scots. Afterwards, David and his surviving notables retired to Carlisle. Although the result was a defeat, it was not by any means decisive. David retained the bulk of his army and thus the power to go on the offensive again. The siege of Wark, for instance, which had been going on since January, continued until it was captured in November. David continued to occupy Cumberland as well as much of Northumberland .[68]

On 26 September Cardinal Alberic , Bishop of Ostia , arrived at Carlisle where David had called together his kingdom's nobles, abbots and bishops. Alberic was there to investigate the controversy over the issue of the Bishop of Glasgow's allegiance or non-allegiance to the Archbishop of York. Alberic played the role of peace-broker, and David agreed to a six week truce which excluded the siege of Wark. On 9 April David and Stephen's wife Matilda of Boulogne met each other at Durham and agreed a settlement. David's son Henry was given the earldom of Northumberland and was restored to the earldom of Huntingdon and lordship of Doncaster ; David himself was allowed to keep Carlisle and Cumberland. King Stephen was to retain possession of the strategically vital castles of Bamburgh and Newcastle. This effectively fulfilled all of David's war aims.[68]

Arrival of Matilda and the renewal of conflict
The settlement with Stephen was not set to last long. The arrival in England of the Empress Matilda gave David an opportunity to renew the conflict with Stephen. In either May or June, David travelled to the south of England and entered Matilda's company; he was present for her expected coronation at Westminster Abbey , though this never took place. David was there until September, when the Empress found herself surrounded at Winchester .[69]

This civil war, or "the Anarchy " as it was later called, enabled David to strengthen his own position in northern England. While David consolidated his hold on his own and his son's newly acquired lands, he also sought to expand his influence. The castles at Newcastle and Bamburgh were again brought under his control, and he attained dominion over all of England north-west of the river Ribble and Pennines , while holding the north-east as far south as the river Tyne, on the borders of the core territory of the bishopric of Durham. While his son brought all the senior barons of Northumberland into his entourage, David rebuilt the fortress of Carlisle. Carlisle quickly replaced Roxburgh as his favoured residence. David's acquisition of the mines at Alston on the South Tyne enabled him to begin minting the Kingdom of Scotland 's first silver coinage. David, meanwhile, issued charters to Shrewsbury Abbey in respect to their lands in Lancashire .[70]


Bishopric of Durham and the Archbishopric of York
However, David's successes were in many ways balanced by his failures. David's greatest disappointment during this time was his inability to ensure control of the bishopric of Durham and the archbishopric of York. David had attempted to appoint his chancellor, William Comyn, to the bishopric of Durham, which had been vacant since the death of Bishop Geoffrey Rufus in 1140. Between 1141 and 1143, Comyn was the de facto bishop, and had control of the bishop's castle; but he was resented by the chapter . Despite controlling the town of Durham, David's only hope of ensuring his election and consecration was gaining the support of the Papal legate, Henry of Blois , Bishop of Winchester and brother of King Stephen. Despite obtaining the support of the Empress Matilda, David was unsuccessful and had given up by the time William de St Barbara was elected to the see in 1143.[71]

David also attempted to interfere in the succession to the archbishopric of York. William FitzHerbert , nephew of King Stephen, found his position undermined by the collapsing political fortune of Stephen in the north of England, and was deposed by the Pope. David used his Cistercian connections to build a bond with Henry Murdac , the new archbishop. Despite the support of Pope Eugenius III , supporters of King Stephen and William FitzHerbert managed to prevent Henry taking up his post at York. In 1149, Henry had sought the support of David. David seized on the opportunity to bring the archdiocese under his control, and marched on the city. However, Stephen's supporters became aware of David's intentions, and informed King Stephen. Stephen therefore marched to the city and installed a new garrison. David decided not to risk such an engagement and withdrew.[72] Richard Oram has conjectured that David's ultimate aim was to bring the whole of the ancient kingdom of Northumbria into his dominion. For Oram, this event was the turning point, "the chance to radically redraw the political map of the British Isles lost forever".[73]

Scottish Church

Historical treatment of David I and the Scottish church usually emphasises David's pioneering role as the instrument of diocesan reorganisation and Norman penetration, beginning with the bishopric of Glasgow while David was Prince of the Cumbrians, and continuing further north after David acceded to the throne of Scotland. Focus too is usually given to his role as the defender of the Scottish church's independence from claims of overlordship by the Archbishop of York and the Archbishop of Canterbury .

Ecclesiastical disputes
One of the first problems David had to deal with as king was an ecclesiastical dispute with the English church. The problem with the English church concerned the subordination of Scottish sees to the archbishops of York and/or Canterbury, an issue which since his election in 1124 had prevented Robert of Scone from being consecrated to the see of St Andrews (Cell Ríghmonaidh). It is likely that since the 11th century the bishopric of St Andrews functioned as a de facto archbishopric. The title of "Archbishop" is accorded in Scottish and Irish sources to Bishop Giric [82] and Bishop Fothad II .[83]

The problem was that this archiepiscopal status had not been cleared with the papacy, opening the way for English archbishops to claim overlordship of the whole Scottish church. The man responsible was the new aggressively assertive Archbishop of York, Thurstan . His easiest target was the bishopric of Glasgow, which being south of the river Forth was not regarded as part of Scotland nor the jurisdiction of St Andrews. In 1125, Pope Honorius II wrote to John, Bishop of Glasgow ordering him to submit to the archbishopric of York.[84] David ordered Bishop John of Glasgow to travel to the Apostolic See in order to secure a pallium which would elevate the bishopric of St Andrews to an archbishopric with jurisdiction over Glasgow.[85]

Thurstan travelled to Rome, as did the Archbishop of Canterbury, William de Corbeil , and both presumably opposed David's request. David however gained the support of King Henry, and the Archbishop of York agreed to a year's postponement of the issue and to consecrate Robert of Scone without making an issue of subordination.[86] York's claim over bishops north of the Forth were in practice abandoned for the rest of David's reign, although York maintained her more credible claims over Glasgow.[87]

In 1151, David again requested a pallium for the Archbishop of St Andrews. Cardinal John Paparo met David at his residence of Carlisle in September 1151. Tantalisingly for David, the Cardinal was on his way to Ireland with four pallia to create four new Irish archbishoprics. When the Cardinal returned to Carlisle, David made the request. In David's plan, the new archdiocese would include all the bishoprics in David's Scottish territory, as well as bishopric of Orkney and the bishopric of the Isles . Unfortunately for David, the Cardinal does not appear to have brought the issue up with the papacy. In the following year the papacy dealt David another blow by creating the archbishopric of Trondheim, a new Norwegian archbishopric embracing the bishoprics of the Isles and Orkney.[88]

Succession and death

Perhaps the greatest blow to David's plans came on 12 July 1152 when Henry, Earl of Northumberland, David's only son and successor, died. He had probably been suffering from some kind of illness for a long time. David had under a year to live, and he may have known that he was not going to be alive much longer. David quickly arranged for his grandson Máel Coluim to be made his successor, and for his younger grandson William to be made Earl of Northumberland. Donnchad I, Mormaer of Fife , the senior magnate in Scotland-proper, was appointed as rector, or regent , and took the 11 year-old Máel Coluim around Scotland-proper on a tour to meet and gain the homage of his future Gaelic subjects. David's health began to fail seriously in the Spring of 1153, and on 24 May 1153, David died.[89] In his obituary in the Annals of Tigernach , he is called Dabíd mac Mail Colaim, rí Alban & Saxan, "David, son of Máel Coluim, King of Scotland and England", a title which acknowledged the importance of the new English part of David's realm.[90]

Monastic patronage
David was one of medieval Scotland's greatest monastic patrons. In 1113, in perhaps David's first act as Prince of the Cumbrians, he founded Selkirk Abbey for the Tironensians .[118] David founded more than a dozen new monasteries in his reign, patronising various new monastic orders.[119]

Not only were such monasteries an expression of David's undoubted piety, but they also functioned to transform Scottish society. Monasteries became centres of foreign influence,, and provided sources of literate men, able to serve the crown's growing administrative needs.[120] These new monasteries, and the Cistercian ones in particular, introduced new agricultural practices.[121] Cistercian labour, for instance, transformed southern Scotland into one of northern Europe's most important sources of sheep wool.[122]

Noted events in his life were:

• Prince of the Cumbrians: 1113-1124.

• Crowned: King of Scots, 23 Apr 1124, Scone, (Perth and Kinross), Scotland. King of Scots 23 Apr. 1124-1153.

The child from this marriage was:

+ 99 M    i. Henry, of Huntingdon, Earl of Northumberland & Huntingdon ^{49 62} was born in 1114 and died on 12 Jun 1152 at age 38.

93. Alice Huntingdon ^{37 45} (Waltheof II, Earl of Northumberland⁸⁸, Sigurd, Earl of Northumberland⁸⁴, Bjorn Ulfiusson⁷⁹, Estrid Svensdatter, Princess of Denmark⁷³, Svend I "Forked Beard", King of Denmark, Norway and England⁶⁷, Harald "the Blue Tooth" Gormsson, King of Denmark⁶¹, Geva Knudsson, King of Denmark⁵⁷, Knud Sigurdsson⁵³, Sigurd "Snake-Eye" Ragnarsson⁴⁹, Ragnar "Lodbrok" Sigurdsson⁴⁶, Sigurd "Ring" Randversson, King in Sweden⁴⁴, Randver Radbartsson⁴¹, Aud Ivarsdatter³⁸, Ivar "Vidfame", King in Sweden³⁵, Halfdan, King in Sweden³², Harald²⁹, Valdar²⁶, Hroar²³, Halfdan²¹, Frodi¹⁹, Fridleif¹⁸, Frodi¹⁶, Dan¹⁵, Olaf¹⁴, Vermund¹³, Frodi¹², Havar¹¹, Fridleif¹⁰, Frodi⁹, Fridleif⁸, Skjöldr, King of Denmark [Legendary]⁷, Odin, [Mythological]⁶, Frithuwald, [Mythological]⁵, Freothalaf, [Mythological]⁴, Finn, [Mythological]³, Flocwald, [Mythological]², Godwulf, [Mythological]¹) was born about 1085 in <Flamsted, Hertfordshire>, England and died after 1126. Other names for Alice were Adelise and Adeliza Huntingdon.

Alice married Ralph de Toeni, de Conches,³⁷ son of Ralph de Toeni, de Conches and Isabel de Montfort, in 1103 in England. Ralph was born about 1079 in <Flamsted, Hertfordshire>, England, died about 1126 in Conches, Seine-et-Marne, France about age 47, and was buried in Conches, Seine-et-Marne, France. Another name for Ralph was Ralph de Conches.

The child from this marriage was:

+ 100 M    i. Roger de Toeni, de Conches ³⁷ was born about 1104 in <Flamsted, Hertfordshire>, England and died before 1162.

  39th Generation  

94. Reginald, Lord of the Isles ^{27 51} (Ragnhild Olafsdatter⁸⁹, Ingebiorg Hakonsdatter⁸⁵, Haakon Paalsson⁸⁰, Paul Thorfinnsson, Jarl of Orkney and Caithness⁷⁴, Thorfinn II "the Black" Sigurdsson, Earl of Orkney⁶⁸, Sigurd II "Digri" Hlodversson⁶², Hlodver Thorfinnsson, Earl of Orkney⁵⁸, Grelod Duncansdatter⁵⁴, Groa Thorsteinsdatter⁵⁰, Thurid Eyvindsdatter⁴⁷, Eyvind "the Easterling"⁴⁵, Bjarni⁴³, Hrolf⁴⁰, Solgi³⁷, Harald "Hilditonn"³⁴, Hraerek "Slaunvanbauga"³¹, Halfdan²⁸, Frodi²⁵, Hraerek "Hnauggvanbaug"²², Ingjald²⁰, Frodi¹⁹, Fridleif¹⁸, Frodi¹⁶, Dan¹⁵, Olaf¹⁴, Vermund¹³, Frodi¹², Havar¹¹, Fridleif¹⁰, Frodi⁹, Fridleif⁸, Skjöldr, King of Denmark [Legendary]⁷, Odin, [Mythological]⁶, Frithuwald, [Mythological]⁵, Freothalaf, [Mythological]⁴, Finn, [Mythological]³, Flocwald, [Mythological]², Godwulf, [Mythological]¹) was born about 1148 in <Morven, Argyleshire, Scotland> and died in 1207 in Kintyre, Argyleshire, Scotland about age 59. Other names for Reginald were Reginald Sumarlidasson Lord of the Isles and Rognvald Sumarlidasson Lord of the Isles.

Reginald married Fonia, of Moray,²⁰ daughter of Ranulf, of Moray and Bethoc, in 1185. Fonia was born about 1145 in <Moray, Scotland>.

The child from this marriage was:

+ 101 F    i. Helen de L'Isle ^{27 51} was born about 1174 in <Galloway, Wigtownshire, Scotland> and died about 1212 about age 38.

95. Adam Brus ^{52 53} (Robert de Brus, 1st Lord of Annandale⁹⁰, Adam Brus⁸⁶, Robert de Brusse⁸¹, Ragnvald Brusesson⁷⁵, Brusi Sigurdsson⁶⁹, Sigurd II "Digri" Hlodversson⁶², Hlodver Thorfinnsson, Earl of Orkney⁵⁸, Grelod Duncansdatter⁵⁴, Groa Thorsteinsdatter⁵⁰, Thurid Eyvindsdatter⁴⁷, Eyvind "the Easterling"⁴⁵, Bjarni⁴³, Hrolf⁴⁰, Solgi³⁷, Harald "Hilditonn"³⁴, Hraerek "Slaunvanbauga"³¹, Halfdan²⁸, Frodi²⁵, Hraerek "Hnauggvanbaug"²², Ingjald²⁰, Frodi¹⁹, Fridleif¹⁸, Frodi¹⁶, Dan¹⁵, Olaf¹⁴, Vermund¹³, Frodi¹², Havar¹¹, Fridleif¹⁰, Frodi⁹, Fridleif⁸, Skjöldr, King of Denmark [Legendary]⁷, Odin, [Mythological]⁶, Frithuwald, [Mythological]⁵, Freothalaf, [Mythological]⁴, Finn, [Mythological]³, Flocwald, [Mythological]², Godwulf, [Mythological]¹) was born about 1101 in <Skelton, Yorkshire, England>, died in 1143 about age 42, and was buried in Gisborough Priory, Guisborough, North Yorkshire, England.

Research Notes: Second son of Robert de Brus. Historians have not determined which of Robert de Brus' two wives named Agnes was the mother of Adam Brus.

From Wikipedia - Robert de Brus, 1st Lord of Annandale:

Robert is said to have married twice: (1) Agnes, daughter of Geoffrey Bainard, sheriff of York and (2) Agnes, daughter and heiress of Fulk de Pagnall, Lord of Carleton, Yorkshire[5][6]
There were two sons, but it is unclear by which spouse:
Robert de Brus, 2nd Lord of Annandale , who inherited the Lordship of Annandale .
Adam de Brus, whose descendants continued to hold lands in England as Lords of Skelton . When Peter de Brus III, last Bruce Lord of Skelton, died in 1272, his sisters were co-heiresses. One of them, Laderia, carried Carleton to her marriage with John de Bellew, whose daughter, Sybil married Sir Miles de Stapleton (k. 1314, at the Battle of Bannockburn ), whose family were subsequently designated "of Carleton".[7][8] This appears to confirm the de Brus and de Pagnall of Carleton connection. Sir Miles Stapleton's son and heir, Sir Gilbert (d. 1321) married Agnes, daughter of Bryan FitzAlan, Lord FitzAlan ,[9] and a granddaughter of Devorguilla of Galloway (d. 1290) wife of John de Balliol, Lord of Barnard Castle , whose son was King John of Scotland .[10]

Adam married Jueta de Arches,⁵³ daughter of William de Arches and Jueta, about 1124 in Yorkshire, England. Jueta was born about 1116 in <Thorp Arch, Yorkshire>, England and died about 1206 about age 90. Another name for Jueta was Ivetta de Arches.

The child from this marriage was:

+ 102 M    i. Adam Brus ⁵³ was born about 1143 in Skelton, North Yorkshire, England, died in 1196 in Skelton, North Yorkshire, England about age 53, and was buried in Gisborough Priory, Guisborough, North Yorkshire, England.

96. Robert de Brus, 2nd Lord of Annandale ⁵⁴ (Robert de Brus, 1st Lord of Annandale⁹⁰, Adam Brus⁸⁶, Robert de Brusse⁸¹, Ragnvald Brusesson⁷⁵, Brusi Sigurdsson⁶⁹, Sigurd II "Digri" Hlodversson⁶², Hlodver Thorfinnsson, Earl of Orkney⁵⁸, Grelod Duncansdatter⁵⁴, Groa Thorsteinsdatter⁵⁰, Thurid Eyvindsdatter⁴⁷, Eyvind "the Easterling"⁴⁵, Bjarni⁴³, Hrolf⁴⁰, Solgi³⁷, Harald "Hilditonn"³⁴, Hraerek "Slaunvanbauga"³¹, Halfdan²⁸, Frodi²⁵, Hraerek "Hnauggvanbaug"²², Ingjald²⁰, Frodi¹⁹, Fridleif¹⁸, Frodi¹⁶, Dan¹⁵, Olaf¹⁴, Vermund¹³, Frodi¹², Havar¹¹, Fridleif¹⁰, Frodi⁹, Fridleif⁸, Skjöldr, King of Denmark [Legendary]⁷, Odin, [Mythological]⁶, Frithuwald, [Mythological]⁵, Freothalaf, [Mythological]⁴, Finn, [Mythological]³, Flocwald, [Mythological]², Godwulf, [Mythological]¹) died in 1194. Other names for Robert were Robert II de Bruce 2nd Lord of Annandale and Robert II de Brus 2nd Lord of Annandale.

Research Notes: From Wikipedia - Robert de Brus, 2nd Lord of Annandale :

Robert II de Brus, The Cadet, (died 1194) was a 12th century Norman noble and Lord of Annandale. He was the son, perhaps the second son,[1] of Robert de Brus, 1st Lord of Annandale .
The elder de Brus' allegiances were compromised when David I invaded England in the later 1130s, and he had renounced his fealty to David before the Battle of the Standard in 1138. The younger Robert however remained loyal and took over his father's land in Scotland, whilst the English territories remained with the elder Robert and passed to the latter's elder son Adam. Bruce family tradition has it that Robert II was captured by his father at the battle and given over to King Stephen of England .
A legend tells that in the 1140s, Robert II was visited at Annan by St Malachy . St Malachy asked Robert to pardon a thief, but Robert hung him anyway, and for this the River Annan destroyed part of his castle and the de Brus line received a curse from the holy man. Robert made Lochmaben the centre of his lordship and constructed a new caput there.
Robert was buried at Gisborough Priory in North Riding , Yorkshire , a monastery founded by his father Robert I de Brus. As his eldest son, Robert, predeceased him, he was succeeded by his second son William.
He married Euphemia, a daughter of Ingleram de Aumale, whose father was Stephen, Count of Aumale. They had five known children,
Robert (d. 1191), eldest son.
William (d. 1212).
Bernard.
Agatha.
Euphemia

97. Somerled, King of the Isles ²⁷ (Gillebride⁹¹, Imergi Somerledson⁸⁷, Somerled I Gillebrideson⁸², Gillebride⁷⁶, Gille Adoman I Gilleson⁷⁰, Hvarflad Hlodversdatter⁶³, Hlodver Thorfinnsson, Earl of Orkney⁵⁸, Grelod Duncansdatter⁵⁴, Groa Thorsteinsdatter⁵⁰, Thurid Eyvindsdatter⁴⁷, Eyvind "the Easterling"⁴⁵, Bjarni⁴³, Hrolf⁴⁰, Solgi³⁷, Harald "Hilditonn"³⁴, Hraerek "Slaunvanbauga"³¹, Halfdan²⁸, Frodi²⁵, Hraerek "Hnauggvanbaug"²², Ingjald²⁰, Frodi¹⁹, Fridleif¹⁸, Frodi¹⁶, Dan¹⁵, Olaf¹⁴, Vermund¹³, Frodi¹², Havar¹¹, Fridleif¹⁰, Frodi⁹, Fridleif⁸, Skjöldr, King of Denmark [Legendary]⁷, Odin, [Mythological]⁶, Frithuwald, [Mythological]⁵, Freothalaf, [Mythological]⁴, Finn, [Mythological]³, Flocwald, [Mythological]², Godwulf, [Mythological]¹) was born about 1113 in <Morven, Argyleshire, Scotland>, died on 1 Jan 1164 in Renfrew, (Renfrewshire), Scotland about age 51, and was buried in Abbey of Saddell, Kintyre, Argule, Scotland.

Somerled married Ragnhild Olafsdatter,²⁰ daughter of Olave I Bitling, King of the Isle of Man and Ingebiorg Hakonsdatter,. Ragnhild was born about 1117 in <Isle of Man>.

(Duplicate Line. See Person 89)

98. Maud de St. Liz ^{57 58 59} (Maud, of Huntingdon⁹², Waltheof II, Earl of Northumberland⁸⁸, Sigurd, Earl of Northumberland⁸⁴, Bjorn Ulfiusson⁷⁹, Estrid Svensdatter, Princess of Denmark⁷³, Svend I "Forked Beard", King of Denmark, Norway and England⁶⁷, Harald "the Blue Tooth" Gormsson, King of Denmark⁶¹, Geva Knudsson, King of Denmark⁵⁷, Knud Sigurdsson⁵³, Sigurd "Snake-Eye" Ragnarsson⁴⁹, Ragnar "Lodbrok" Sigurdsson⁴⁶, Sigurd "Ring" Randversson, King in Sweden⁴⁴, Randver Radbartsson⁴¹, Aud Ivarsdatter³⁸, Ivar "Vidfame", King in Sweden³⁵, Halfdan, King in Sweden³², Harald²⁹, Valdar²⁶, Hroar²³, Halfdan²¹, Frodi¹⁹, Fridleif¹⁸, Frodi¹⁶, Dan¹⁵, Olaf¹⁴, Vermund¹³, Frodi¹², Havar¹¹, Fridleif¹⁰, Frodi⁹, Fridleif⁸, Skjöldr, King of Denmark [Legendary]⁷, Odin, [Mythological]⁶, Frithuwald, [Mythological]⁵, Freothalaf, [Mythological]⁴, Finn, [Mythological]³, Flocwald, [Mythological]², Godwulf, [Mythological]¹) died in 1140. Other names for Maud were Matilda of St Liz, Maud de Senlis, and Maud de Senliz.

Death Notes: Ancestral Roots, line 130-27 has "d. 1140 (or 1158/63?)"

Research Notes: From Magna Charta Barons, p. 120:

Saier de Quincey, who had a grant from Henry II. of the manor of Bushby, Northamptonshire. He m. Maud de St. Liz, probably a daughter of Simon de St. Liz, a noble Norman, who was created Earl of Northampton and Huntingdon, and his wife Maud, daughter and coheiress of Waltheof, first Earl of Northampton and Northumberland, who, conspiring against the Normans, was beheaded, in 1075, at Winchester, although his wife was a niece of the Conqueror. Waltheof was the son of Syward, the celebrated Saxon Earl of Northumberland.

Maud married Robert Fitz Richard, Lord of Little Dunmow, Essex,^{63 64} son of Richard I FitzGilbert, of Clare and Tonbridge and Rohese Giffard, about 1114. Robert was born in 1064 and died about 1136 about age 72. Another name for Robert was Robert FitzRichard Lord of Little Dunmow, Essex.

Research Notes: First husband of Maud de St. Liz.

From Wikipedia - Robert Fitz Richard :

Robert Fitz Richard (1064-1136), entitled Robert Fitz Richard, Lord of Little Dunmow, Baron of Baynard , was a Norman landowner in England. His estates near Little Dunmow are said[1] to have been given to him after confiscation from Ralph Baynard , who had them earlier[2].

He was steward under Henry I of England [3] and under Stephen of England [4]. He served for a period as High Sheriff of Yorkshire

Family
He was the son of Sir Richard Fitz Gilbert , Lord of Clare and Tonbridge (c. 1035-1090) and Rohese Giffard, (b. c. 1034), daughter of Sir Walter Giffard, Lord of Longueville ,[5] and Agnes Flatel.[6]

He married (c. 1114), Maud de St. Liz, daughter of Sir Simon de St Liz, Earl of Northampton , and Maud de Huntingdon .

Children were:
Sir Walter Fitz Robert , (b. c. 1124).
Maud Fitz Robert, (b. c. 1132), Essex , who married (c. 1146, William d'Aubigny , son of Sir William d'Aubigny, Lord of Belvoir , and Cecily Bigod.

Noted events in his life were:

• Steward: under Henry II.

• High Sheriff: of Yorkshire.

• Steward: under Stephen of England.

Maud next married Saer I de Quincy, Lord of Daventry ^{65 66} after 1136. Another name for Saer was Saher I de Quincy Lord of Daventry.

Research Notes: 2nd husband of Maud de St. Liz.

From Wikipedia - Saer de Quincy, 1st Earl of Winchester :

The family of de Quincy had arrived in England after the Norman Conquest , and took their name from Cuinchy in the Arrondissement of Béthune ; the personal name "Saer" was used by them over several generations. Both names are variously spelled in primary sources and older modern works, the first name being sometimes rendered Saher or Seer, and the surname as Quency or Quenci.


The first recorded Saer de Quincy (known to historians as "Saer I") was lord of the manor of Long Buckby in Northamptonshire in the earlier twelfth century, and second husband of Matilda of St Liz , stepdaughter of King David I of Scotland . This marriage produced two sons, Saer II and Robert de Quincy . It was Robert, the younger son, who was the father of the Saer de Quincy who eventually became Earl of Winchester. By her first husband Robert Fitz Richard , Matilda was also the paternal grandmother of Earl Saer's close ally, Robert Fitzwalter.
----------
From Magna Charta Barons, p. 120:
Saier de Quincey, who had a grant from Henry II. of the manor of Bushby, Northamptonshire. He m. Maud de St. Liz, probably a daughter of Simon de St. Liz, a noble Norman, who was created Earl of Northampton and Huntingdon, and his wife Maud, daughter and coheiress of Waltheof, first Earl of Northampton and Northumberland, who, conspiring against the Normans, was beheaded, in 1075, at Winchester, although his wife was a niece of the Conqueror. Waltheof was the son of Syward, the celebrated Saxon Earl of Northumberland.

Noted events in his life were:

• Lord of Long Buckby: Northamptonshire, England.

Children from this marriage were:

+ 103 M    i. Robert de Quincy, Lord of Buckley and of Fawside ^{58 67} died before 1197.

+ 104 M    ii. Saer II de Quincy .⁵⁸

99. Henry, of Huntingdon, Earl of Northumberland & Huntingdon ^{49 62} (Maud, of Huntingdon⁹², Waltheof II, Earl of Northumberland⁸⁸, Sigurd, Earl of Northumberland⁸⁴, Bjorn Ulfiusson⁷⁹, Estrid Svensdatter, Princess of Denmark⁷³, Svend I "Forked Beard", King of Denmark, Norway and England⁶⁷, Harald "the Blue Tooth" Gormsson, King of Denmark⁶¹, Geva Knudsson, King of Denmark⁵⁷, Knud Sigurdsson⁵³, Sigurd "Snake-Eye" Ragnarsson⁴⁹, Ragnar "Lodbrok" Sigurdsson⁴⁶, Sigurd "Ring" Randversson, King in Sweden⁴⁴, Randver Radbartsson⁴¹, Aud Ivarsdatter³⁸, Ivar "Vidfame", King in Sweden³⁵, Halfdan, King in Sweden³², Harald²⁹, Valdar²⁶, Hroar²³, Halfdan²¹, Frodi¹⁹, Fridleif¹⁸, Frodi¹⁶, Dan¹⁵, Olaf¹⁴, Vermund¹³, Frodi¹², Havar¹¹, Fridleif¹⁰, Frodi⁹, Fridleif⁸, Skjöldr, King of Denmark [Legendary]⁷, Odin, [Mythological]⁶, Frithuwald, [Mythological]⁵, Freothalaf, [Mythological]⁴, Finn, [Mythological]³, Flocwald, [Mythological]², Godwulf, [Mythological]¹) was born in 1114 and died on 12 Jun 1152 at age 38. Another name for Henry was Henry Prince of Scotland.

Research Notes: Eldest son of David I, King of Scots.

Source: Ancestral Roots of Certain American Colonists Who Came to America before 1700 by Frederick Lewis Weis and Walter Lee Sheppard, Jr, ed. by William R. Beall & Kaleen E. Beall, Baltimore, 2008, Line 170-23

Henry married Ada de Warenne,^{49 68 69} daughter of William II de Warenne, 2nd Earl of Surrey and Isabel de Vermandois, Countess of Leicester, in 1139. Ada died about 1178. Another name for Ada was Adeline de Warren.

Research Notes: Widow of Conale Petit, Earl of Brittany and Richmond. Sister of William the Lion, King of Scots.

From Wikipedia - Elizabeth of Vermandois :

Ada de Warenne (d. ca. 1178 ), who married Henry of Scotland, 3rd Earl of Huntingdon , younger son of King David I of Scotland , Earl of Huntingdon by his marriage to the heiress Matilda or Maud, 2nd Countess of Huntingdon (herself great-niece of William I of England ) and had issue. They were parents to Malcolm IV of Scotland and William I of Scotland and their youngest son became David of Scotland, 8th Earl of Huntingdon . All Kings of Scotland since 1292 were the descendants of Huntingdon.

The child from this marriage was:

+ 105 F    i. Margaret, of Huntingdon ⁷⁰ died in 1201.

100. Roger de Toeni, de Conches ³⁷ (Alice Huntingdon⁹³, Waltheof II, Earl of Northumberland⁸⁸, Sigurd, Earl of Northumberland⁸⁴, Bjorn Ulfiusson⁷⁹, Estrid Svensdatter, Princess of Denmark⁷³, Svend I "Forked Beard", King of Denmark, Norway and England⁶⁷, Harald "the Blue Tooth" Gormsson, King of Denmark⁶¹, Geva Knudsson, King of Denmark⁵⁷, Knud Sigurdsson⁵³, Sigurd "Snake-Eye" Ragnarsson⁴⁹, Ragnar "Lodbrok" Sigurdsson⁴⁶, Sigurd "Ring" Randversson, King in Sweden⁴⁴, Randver Radbartsson⁴¹, Aud Ivarsdatter³⁸, Ivar "Vidfame", King in Sweden³⁵, Halfdan, King in Sweden³², Harald²⁹, Valdar²⁶, Hroar²³, Halfdan²¹, Frodi¹⁹, Fridleif¹⁸, Frodi¹⁶, Dan¹⁵, Olaf¹⁴, Vermund¹³, Frodi¹², Havar¹¹, Fridleif¹⁰, Frodi⁹, Fridleif⁸, Skjöldr, King of Denmark [Legendary]⁷, Odin, [Mythological]⁶, Frithuwald, [Mythological]⁵, Freothalaf, [Mythological]⁴, Finn, [Mythological]³, Flocwald, [Mythological]², Godwulf, [Mythological]¹) was born about 1104 in <Flamsted, Hertfordshire>, England and died before 1162. Another name for Roger was Roger de Conches.

Roger married Ida, of Hainault.⁴⁴ Ida was born about 1109 in <Flamsted, Hertfordshire>, England. Other names for Ida were Gertrude of Hainault and Ida de Hainault.

The child from this marriage was:

+ 106 M    i. Ralph de Toeni, de Conches ³⁷ was born about 1130 in <Flamsted, Hertfordshire>, England and died in 1162 about age 32.

  40th Generation  

101. Helen de L'Isle ^{27 51} (Reginald, Lord of the Isles⁹⁴, Ragnhild Olafsdatter⁸⁹, Ingebiorg Hakonsdatter⁸⁵, Haakon Paalsson⁸⁰, Paul Thorfinnsson, Jarl of Orkney and Caithness⁷⁴, Thorfinn II "the Black" Sigurdsson, Earl of Orkney⁶⁸, Sigurd II "Digri" Hlodversson⁶², Hlodver Thorfinnsson, Earl of Orkney⁵⁸, Grelod Duncansdatter⁵⁴, Groa Thorsteinsdatter⁵⁰, Thurid Eyvindsdatter⁴⁷, Eyvind "the Easterling"⁴⁵, Bjarni⁴³, Hrolf⁴⁰, Solgi³⁷, Harald "Hilditonn"³⁴, Hraerek "Slaunvanbauga"³¹, Halfdan²⁸, Frodi²⁵, Hraerek "Hnauggvanbaug"²², Ingjald²⁰, Frodi¹⁹, Fridleif¹⁸, Frodi¹⁶, Dan¹⁵, Olaf¹⁴, Vermund¹³, Frodi¹², Havar¹¹, Fridleif¹⁰, Frodi⁹, Fridleif⁸, Skjöldr, King of Denmark [Legendary]⁷, Odin, [Mythological]⁶, Frithuwald, [Mythological]⁵, Freothalaf, [Mythological]⁴, Finn, [Mythological]³, Flocwald, [Mythological]², Godwulf, [Mythological]¹) was born about 1174 in <Galloway, Wigtownshire, Scotland> and died about 1212 about age 38. Another name for Helen was Helen de l'Isle.

Research Notes: Said to be a daughter of Reginald, Lord of the Isles

Helen married Alan, Lord of Galloway,⁷¹ son of Roland, Lord of Galloway and Elena de Morville, about 1205 in Carrick, Ayrshire, Scotland. Alan was born about 1186 in <Galloway, Wigtownshire, Scotland>, died in 1234 about age 48, and was buried in Abbey of Dundrennan, Kirkcudbright, Kirkcudbrightshire, Scotland. Another name for Alan was Alan de Galloway.

Research Notes: Per Ancestral Roots, "A descendant of the English and Scottish Kings."

Noted events in his life were:

• Constable of Scotland: 1215-1234.

• Named: in the Magna Charta.

The child from this marriage was:

+ 107 F    i. Helen, of Galloway ^{71 72} was born about 1208 in <Carrick, Ayrshire, Scotland> and died on 21 Nov 1245 in England about age 37.

102. Adam Brus ⁵³ (Adam Brus⁹⁵, Robert de Brus, 1st Lord of Annandale⁹⁰, Adam Brus⁸⁶, Robert de Brusse⁸¹, Ragnvald Brusesson⁷⁵, Brusi Sigurdsson⁶⁹, Sigurd II "Digri" Hlodversson⁶², Hlodver Thorfinnsson, Earl of Orkney⁵⁸, Grelod Duncansdatter⁵⁴, Groa Thorsteinsdatter⁵⁰, Thurid Eyvindsdatter⁴⁷, Eyvind "the Easterling"⁴⁵, Bjarni⁴³, Hrolf⁴⁰, Solgi³⁷, Harald "Hilditonn"³⁴, Hraerek "Slaunvanbauga"³¹, Halfdan²⁸, Frodi²⁵, Hraerek "Hnauggvanbaug"²², Ingjald²⁰, Frodi¹⁹, Fridleif¹⁸, Frodi¹⁶, Dan¹⁵, Olaf¹⁴, Vermund¹³, Frodi¹², Havar¹¹, Fridleif¹⁰, Frodi⁹, Fridleif⁸, Skjöldr, King of Denmark [Legendary]⁷, Odin, [Mythological]⁶, Frithuwald, [Mythological]⁵, Freothalaf, [Mythological]⁴, Finn, [Mythological]³, Flocwald, [Mythological]², Godwulf, [Mythological]¹) was born about 1143 in Skelton, North Yorkshire, England, died in 1196 in Skelton, North Yorkshire, England about age 53, and was buried in Gisborough Priory, Guisborough, North Yorkshire, England. Another name for Adam was Adam Bruce.

Research Notes: According to Wikipedia, Skelton Castle was built around 1200 by the Brus family.

Adam married Joanna de Meschines,⁵³ daughter of Ranulf IV, de Gernon, 4th Earl of Chester and Maud FitzRobert, of Gloucester,. Joanna was born about 1145 in <Chester, Cheshire>, England.

The child from this marriage was:

+ 108 F    i. Isabel Brus ⁵³ was born about 1160 in Skelton, North Yorkshire, England, died after 1230, and was buried in Whitby Abbey, North Riding, Yorkshire, England.

103. Robert de Quincy, Lord of Buckley and of Fawside ^{58 67} (Maud de St. Liz⁹⁸, Maud, of Huntingdon⁹², Waltheof II, Earl of Northumberland⁸⁸, Sigurd, Earl of Northumberland⁸⁴, Bjorn Ulfiusson⁷⁹, Estrid Svensdatter, Princess of Denmark⁷³, Svend I "Forked Beard", King of Denmark, Norway and England⁶⁷, Harald "the Blue Tooth" Gormsson, King of Denmark⁶¹, Geva Knudsson, King of Denmark⁵⁷, Knud Sigurdsson⁵³, Sigurd "Snake-Eye" Ragnarsson⁴⁹, Ragnar "Lodbrok" Sigurdsson⁴⁶, Sigurd "Ring" Randversson, King in Sweden⁴⁴, Randver Radbartsson⁴¹, Aud Ivarsdatter³⁸, Ivar "Vidfame", King in Sweden³⁵, Halfdan, King in Sweden³², Harald²⁹, Valdar²⁶, Hroar²³, Halfdan²¹, Frodi¹⁹, Fridleif¹⁸, Frodi¹⁶, Dan¹⁵, Olaf¹⁴, Vermund¹³, Frodi¹², Havar¹¹, Fridleif¹⁰, Frodi⁹, Fridleif⁸, Skjöldr, King of Denmark [Legendary]⁷, Odin, [Mythological]⁶, Frithuwald, [Mythological]⁵, Freothalaf, [Mythological]⁴, Finn, [Mythological]³, Flocwald, [Mythological]², Godwulf, [Mythological]¹) died before 1197.

Research Notes: From Wikipedia - Saer de Quincy, 1st Earl of Winchester :

Family
The family of de Quincy had arrived in England after the Norman Conquest , and took their name from Cuinchy in the Arrondissement of Béthune ; the personal name "Saer" was used by them over several generations. Both names are variously spelled in primary sources and older modern works, the first name being sometimes rendered Saher or Seer, and the surname as Quency or Quenci.

The first recorded Saer de Quincy (known to historians as "Saer I") was lord of the manor of Long Buckby in Northamptonshire in the earlier twelfth century, and second husband of Matilda of St Liz , stepdaughter of King David I of Scotland . This marriage produced two sons, Saer II and Robert de Quincy . It was Robert, the younger son, who was the father of the Saer de Quincy who eventually became Earl of Winchester. By her first husband Robert Fitz Richard , Matilda was also the paternal grandmother of Earl Saer's close ally, Robert Fitzwalter.

Robert de Quincy seems to have inherited no English lands from his father, and pursued a knightly career in Scotland, where he is recorded from around 1160 as a close companion of his cousin, King William the Lion . By 1170 he had married Orabilis , heiress of the Scottish lordship of Leuchars and, through her, he became lord of an extensive complex of estates north of the border which included lands in Fife , Strathearn and Lothian .

Noted events in his life were:

• Justiciar of Scotland:

• Crusader:

Robert married Orabilis, of Leuchars,^{58 67} daughter of Ness Fitz William, Lord of Leuchars and Unknown, before 1170. Another name for Orabilis was Orabel of Leuchars.

Research Notes: From Wikipedia - Saer de Quincy, 1st Earl of Winchester:

By 1170 he had married Orabilis , heiress of the Scottish lordship of Leuchars and, through her, he became lord of an extensive complex of estates north of the border which included lands in Fife , Strathearn and Lothian .

Saer de Quincy, the son of Robert de Quincy and Orabilis of Leuchars, was raised largely in Scotland. His absence from English records for the first decades of his life has led some modern historians and genealogists to confuse him with his uncle, Saer II, who took part in the rebellion of Henry the Young King in 1173, when the future Earl of Winchester can have been no more than a toddler. Saer II's line ended without direct heirs, and his nephew and namesake would eventually inherit his estate, uniting his primary Scottish holdings with the family's Northamptonshire patrimony, and possibly some lands in France.

By his wife Margaret de Beaumont, Saer de Quincy had three sons and three daughters:
Lorette who married Sir William de Valognes
Arabella who married Sir Richard Harcourt
Robert (d. 1217). Some sources say he married Hawise, sister and co-heiress of Ranulf de Blundeville, earl of Chester . However, it is more likely Hawise married Saer's brother Robert II;
Roger , who succeeded his father as earl of Winchester (though he did not take formal possession of the earldom until after his mother's death);
Robert de Quincy (second son of that name; d. 1257) who married Helen , daughter of the Welsh prince Llywelyn the Great ;
Hawise, who married Hugh de Vere, 4th Earl of Oxford .

The child from this marriage was:

+ 109 M    i. Saher IV de Quincy, 1st Earl of Winchester ^{58 67} was born in 1155 and died on 3 Nov 1219 in Palestine at age 64.

104. Saer II de Quincy ⁵⁸ (Maud de St. Liz⁹⁸, Maud, of Huntingdon⁹², Waltheof II, Earl of Northumberland⁸⁸, Sigurd, Earl of Northumberland⁸⁴, Bjorn Ulfiusson⁷⁹, Estrid Svensdatter, Princess of Denmark⁷³, Svend I "Forked Beard", King of Denmark, Norway and England⁶⁷, Harald "the Blue Tooth" Gormsson, King of Denmark⁶¹, Geva Knudsson, King of Denmark⁵⁷, Knud Sigurdsson⁵³, Sigurd "Snake-Eye" Ragnarsson⁴⁹, Ragnar "Lodbrok" Sigurdsson⁴⁶, Sigurd "Ring" Randversson, King in Sweden⁴⁴, Randver Radbartsson⁴¹, Aud Ivarsdatter³⁸, Ivar "Vidfame", King in Sweden³⁵, Halfdan, King in Sweden³², Harald²⁹, Valdar²⁶, Hroar²³, Halfdan²¹, Frodi¹⁹, Fridleif¹⁸, Frodi¹⁶, Dan¹⁵, Olaf¹⁴, Vermund¹³, Frodi¹², Havar¹¹, Fridleif¹⁰, Frodi⁹, Fridleif⁸, Skjöldr, King of Denmark [Legendary]⁷, Odin, [Mythological]⁶, Frithuwald, [Mythological]⁵, Freothalaf, [Mythological]⁴, Finn, [Mythological]³, Flocwald, [Mythological]², Godwulf, [Mythological]¹).

Research Notes: From Wikipedia - Saer de Quincy, 1st Earl of Winchester :

Family
The family of de Quincy had arrived in England after the Norman Conquest , and took their name from Cuinchy in the Arrondissement of Béthune ; the personal name "Saer" was used by them over several generations. Both names are variously spelled in primary sources and older modern works, the first name being sometimes rendered Saher or Seer, and the surname as Quency or Quenci.

The first recorded Saer de Quincy (known to historians as "Saer I") was lord of the manor of Long Buckby in Northamptonshire in the earlier twelfth century, and second husband of Matilda of St Liz , stepdaughter of King David I of Scotland . This marriage produced two sons, Saer II and Robert de Quincy . It was Robert, the younger son, who was the father of the Saer de Quincy who eventually became Earl of Winchester. By her first husband Robert Fitz Richard , Matilda was also the paternal grandmother of Earl Saer's close ally, Robert Fitzwalter.

105. Margaret, of Huntingdon ⁷⁰ (Henry, of Huntingdon, Earl of Northumberland & Huntingdon⁹⁹, Maud, of Huntingdon⁹², Waltheof II, Earl of Northumberland⁸⁸, Sigurd, Earl of Northumberland⁸⁴, Bjorn Ulfiusson⁷⁹, Estrid Svensdatter, Princess of Denmark⁷³, Svend I "Forked Beard", King of Denmark, Norway and England⁶⁷, Harald "the Blue Tooth" Gormsson, King of Denmark⁶¹, Geva Knudsson, King of Denmark⁵⁷, Knud Sigurdsson⁵³, Sigurd "Snake-Eye" Ragnarsson⁴⁹, Ragnar "Lodbrok" Sigurdsson⁴⁶, Sigurd "Ring" Randversson, King in Sweden⁴⁴, Randver Radbartsson⁴¹, Aud Ivarsdatter³⁸, Ivar "Vidfame", King in Sweden³⁵, Halfdan, King in Sweden³², Harald²⁹, Valdar²⁶, Hroar²³, Halfdan²¹, Frodi¹⁹, Fridleif¹⁸, Frodi¹⁶, Dan¹⁵, Olaf¹⁴, Vermund¹³, Frodi¹², Havar¹¹, Fridleif¹⁰, Frodi⁹, Fridleif⁸, Skjöldr, King of Denmark [Legendary]⁷, Odin, [Mythological]⁶, Frithuwald, [Mythological]⁵, Freothalaf, [Mythological]⁴, Finn, [Mythological]³, Flocwald, [Mythological]², Godwulf, [Mythological]¹) died in 1201.

Research Notes: Second wife of Alan, Lord of Galloway.

Margaret married Humphrey IV de Bohun, Baron de Bohun, Lord of Hereford,^{73 74} son of Humphrey III de Bohun, Baron de Bohun, Lord of Hereford and Margaret, of Hereford, in 1175. Humphrey died about 1182.

Research Notes: Second husband of Margaret of Huntingdon.

From Magna Charta Barons, p. 81:

Humphrey de Bohun, who was Earl of Hereford and lord high constable of England, in right of is mother. He m. Margaret, daughter of Henry, Earl of Huntingdon and Northumberland, d. v. p. 1152 (and widow of Conale Petit, Earl of Brittany and Richmond, and sister of William the Lion, king of Scots), eldes son of David I., King of Scots, by his wife Matilda, widow of Simon de St. Liz, and daughter of Waltheof, Earl of Northumberland and Northampton, beheaded in 1075, and his wife, a niece of William the conqueror. Lady Margaret's mother, m. 1139, d. 1178, was Ada de Warren, daughter of William, second Earl of Surrey (by his wife, Isabel, or Elizabeth, d. 1131, widow of Robert, Earl of Mellent, and daughter of Hugh the Great, Count de Vermandois, son of Henry I., King of France), the son of William de Warren, Earl of Surrey, by his wife, Gundreda, the reputed daughter of William the Conqueror, or the daughter of his consort, Queen Maud, or Matilda, of Flanders, by Gherbod, advocate of the Abbey of St. Bestin, at St. Omer, before her marriage to William of Normandy. Humphrey de Bohun and Lady Margaret had: Henry de Bohun, eldest son and heir...

Noted events in his life were:

• Hereditary Constable of England:

The child from this marriage was:

+ 110 M    i. Henry de Bohun, 5th Earl of Hereford ^{75 76} was born in 1176 and died on 1 Jun 1220 at age 44.

Margaret next married Alan, Lord of Galloway,⁷¹ son of Roland, Lord of Galloway and Elena de Morville, in 1209. Alan was born about 1186 in <Galloway, Wigtownshire, Scotland>, died in 1234 about age 48, and was buried in Abbey of Dundrennan, Kirkcudbright, Kirkcudbrightshire, Scotland. Another name for Alan was Alan de Galloway.

Research Notes: Per Ancestral Roots, "A descendant of the English and Scottish Kings."

Noted events in his life were:

• Constable of Scotland: 1215-1234.

• Named: in the Magna Charta.

106. Ralph de Toeni, de Conches ³⁷ (Roger de Toeni, de Conches¹⁰⁰, Alice Huntingdon⁹³, Waltheof II, Earl of Northumberland⁸⁸, Sigurd, Earl of Northumberland⁸⁴, Bjorn Ulfiusson⁷⁹, Estrid Svensdatter, Princess of Denmark⁷³, Svend I "Forked Beard", King of Denmark, Norway and England⁶⁷, Harald "the Blue Tooth" Gormsson, King of Denmark⁶¹, Geva Knudsson, King of Denmark⁵⁷, Knud Sigurdsson⁵³, Sigurd "Snake-Eye" Ragnarsson⁴⁹, Ragnar "Lodbrok" Sigurdsson⁴⁶, Sigurd "Ring" Randversson, King in Sweden⁴⁴, Randver Radbartsson⁴¹, Aud Ivarsdatter³⁸, Ivar "Vidfame", King in Sweden³⁵, Halfdan, King in Sweden³², Harald²⁹, Valdar²⁶, Hroar²³, Halfdan²¹, Frodi¹⁹, Fridleif¹⁸, Frodi¹⁶, Dan¹⁵, Olaf¹⁴, Vermund¹³, Frodi¹², Havar¹¹, Fridleif¹⁰, Frodi⁹, Fridleif⁸, Skjöldr, King of Denmark [Legendary]⁷, Odin, [Mythological]⁶, Frithuwald, [Mythological]⁵, Freothalaf, [Mythological]⁴, Finn, [Mythological]³, Flocwald, [Mythological]², Godwulf, [Mythological]¹) was born about 1130 in <Flamsted, Hertfordshire>, England and died in 1162 about age 32. Another name for Ralph was Ralph de Conches.

Ralph married someone.

His child was:

+ 111 M    i. Roger de Toeni ³⁷ was born about 1156 in <Flamsted, Hertfordshire>, England and died about Jan 1209 about age 53.

  41st Generation  

107. Helen, of Galloway ^{71 72} (Helen de L'Isle¹⁰¹, Reginald, Lord of the Isles⁹⁴, Ragnhild Olafsdatter⁸⁹, Ingebiorg Hakonsdatter⁸⁵, Haakon Paalsson⁸⁰, Paul Thorfinnsson, Jarl of Orkney and Caithness⁷⁴, Thorfinn II "the Black" Sigurdsson, Earl of Orkney⁶⁸, Sigurd II "Digri" Hlodversson⁶², Hlodver Thorfinnsson, Earl of Orkney⁵⁸, Grelod Duncansdatter⁵⁴, Groa Thorsteinsdatter⁵⁰, Thurid Eyvindsdatter⁴⁷, Eyvind "the Easterling"⁴⁵, Bjarni⁴³, Hrolf⁴⁰, Solgi³⁷, Harald "Hilditonn"³⁴, Hraerek "Slaunvanbauga"³¹, Halfdan²⁸, Frodi²⁵, Hraerek "Hnauggvanbaug"²², Ingjald²⁰, Frodi¹⁹, Fridleif¹⁸, Frodi¹⁶, Dan¹⁵, Olaf¹⁴, Vermund¹³, Frodi¹², Havar¹¹, Fridleif¹⁰, Frodi⁹, Fridleif⁸, Skjöldr, King of Denmark [Legendary]⁷, Odin, [Mythological]⁶, Frithuwald, [Mythological]⁵, Freothalaf, [Mythological]⁴, Finn, [Mythological]³, Flocwald, [Mythological]², Godwulf, [Mythological]¹) was born about 1208 in <Carrick, Ayrshire, Scotland> and died on 21 Nov 1245 in England about age 37. Another name for Helen was Elena of Galloway.

Research Notes: First wife of Roger de Quincy.

Helen married Roger de Quincy, 2nd Earl of Winchester,^{77 78 79 80} son of Saher IV de Quincy, 1st Earl of Winchester and Margaret de Beaumont,. Roger was born about 1174 in <Winchester>, Hampshire, England, died on 25 Apr 1264 in England about age 90, and was buried in Brackley, Aberdeenshire, Scotland. Another name for Roger was Roger de Quincey 2nd Earl of Winchester.

Research Notes: From Wikipedia - Saer de Quincy, 1st Earl of Winchester :

Roger , who succeeded his father as earl of Winchester (though he did not take formal possession of the earldom until after his mother's death);
----------
From Magna Charta Barons, p. 122:
Roger de Quincey, second son, who had livery of his father's lands, although his elder brother [Robert] was alive in the Holy Land, and succeeded to the earldom of Winchester, and in right of his first wife, daughter of Alan, lord of Galloway, became lord high constable of Scotland. By this lady he had only three daughters,--Margaret, wife of William de Ferrers, Earl of Derby; Elizabeth, wife of Alexander Comyn, Scotch Earl of Buchan; and Ela, wife of Alan, Baron le Zouche, of Ashby. Earl Roger m. secondly, Maud, daughter of Humphrey de Bohun, Earl of Hereford, and widow of Anselme le Mareschall, Earl of Pembroke, and m. thirdly, Alianore, daughter of William de Ferrers, Earl of Derby, and widow of William, Baron de Vaux, who survived him, and m. Roger de Leybourne. Dugdale states that Earl Roger had a fourth daughter, but by which wife it is unknown, named Isabella, with whom a contract of marriage was made by John, son of Hugh de Nevill, for his son Hugh. His lordship d. 1264, when the earldom became extinct, and his great landed possessions devolved upon his daughters, as coheiresses.
-----------
From Wikipedia - Roger de Quincy, 2nd Earl of Winchester :

Roger de Quincy, 2nd Earl of Winchester (1195? - 25 April 1265 ) was a medieval nobleman who was prominent on both sides of the Anglo-Scottish border , as Earl of Winchester and Constable of Scotland .

He was the second son of Saer de Quincy, 1st Earl of Winchester , and Margaret de Beaumont .

He probably joined his father on the Fifth Crusade in 1219, where the elder de Quincy fell sick and died. His elder brother having died a few years earlier, Roger thus inherited his father's titles and properties. However, he did not take possession of his father's lands until February 1221, probably because he did not return to England from the crusade until then. He did not formally become earl until after the death of his mother in 1235.

Roger married Helen , eldest daughter and co-heiress of Alan, Lord of Galloway . Without legitimate sons to succeed him, Alan's lands and dignities were divided between the husbands of his three daughters, so Roger acquired Alan's position as Constable of Scotland , and one-third of the lordship of Galloway (although the actual title of Lord of Galloway went through Helen's half-sister Devorguilla to her husband John I de Balliol ).

The Galwegians rebelled under Gille Ruadh , not wanting their land divided, but the rebellion was suppressed by Alexander II of Scotland . Roger ruled his portion of Galloway strictly, and the Galwegians revolted again in 1247, forcing Roger to take refuge in a castle. Faced with a siege and little chance of relief, Roger and a few men fought their way out and rode off to seek help from Alexander, who raised forces to again suppress the rebellion.

In the following years Roger was one of the leaders of the baronial opposition to Henry III of England , although he fought for Henry against the Welsh in the 1250s and 1260s.

Following Helen's death in 1245, Roger married Maud de Bohun, daughter of Humphrey de Bohun, 2nd Earl of Hereford , around 1250. Maud died only two years later, and Roger married his third wife, Eleanor Ferrers, daughter of William de Ferrers, 5th Earl of Derby the same year.

Roger had three daughters by his first wife, but no sons. His subsequent marriages produced no issue. After his death his estates were divided between the daughters, and the earldom of Winchester lapsed. The three daughters of Roger and Helen of Galloway were:
Helen (also known as Ela or Elena), who married Alan Baron Zouche of Ashby;
Elizabeth (also known as Isabella), who married Alexander Comyn, 2nd Earl of Buchan ;
Margaret, who married William de Ferrers, 5th Earl of Derby (and was thus stepmother to her own stepmother).

Noted events in his life were:

• Constable of Scotland:

Children from this marriage were:

+ 112 F    i. Margaret de Quincy ^{79 81 82} was born in 1218 in <Winchester>, Hampshire, England and died on 12 Mar 1280 at age 62.

+ 113 F    ii. Elizabeth de Quincey .⁷⁸

+ 114 F    iii. Helen de Quincy, of Brackley ^{20 83} was born about 1222 in <Winchester, Hampshire>, England and died Sh. Bef. 20 Aug 1296 in England about age 74.

108. Isabel Brus ⁵³ (Adam Brus¹⁰², Adam Brus⁹⁵, Robert de Brus, 1st Lord of Annandale⁹⁰, Adam Brus⁸⁶, Robert de Brusse⁸¹, Ragnvald Brusesson⁷⁵, Brusi Sigurdsson⁶⁹, Sigurd II "Digri" Hlodversson⁶², Hlodver Thorfinnsson, Earl of Orkney⁵⁸, Grelod Duncansdatter⁵⁴, Groa Thorsteinsdatter⁵⁰, Thurid Eyvindsdatter⁴⁷, Eyvind "the Easterling"⁴⁵, Bjarni⁴³, Hrolf⁴⁰, Solgi³⁷, Harald "Hilditonn"³⁴, Hraerek "Slaunvanbauga"³¹, Halfdan²⁸, Frodi²⁵, Hraerek "Hnauggvanbaug"²², Ingjald²⁰, Frodi¹⁹, Fridleif¹⁸, Frodi¹⁶, Dan¹⁵, Olaf¹⁴, Vermund¹³, Frodi¹², Havar¹¹, Fridleif¹⁰, Frodi⁹, Fridleif⁸, Skjöldr, King of Denmark [Legendary]⁷, Odin, [Mythological]⁶, Frithuwald, [Mythological]⁵, Freothalaf, [Mythological]⁴, Finn, [Mythological]³, Flocwald, [Mythological]², Godwulf, [Mythological]¹) was born about 1160 in Skelton, North Yorkshire, England, died after 1230, and was buried in Whitby Abbey, North Riding, Yorkshire, England. Another name for Isabel was Isabel Bruce.

Isabel married Henry de Percy, 5th Baron Percy,^{84 85} son of Joscelin, de Louvain and Agnes de Percy, about 1182 in Cleveland, Yorkshire, England. Henry was born about 1156 in <Whitby>, Yorkshire, England, died before 29 Sep 1198, and was buried in St. Lo, Rouen, France.

The child from this marriage was:

+ 115 M    i. William de Percy, 6th Baron Percy ^{84 85} was born about 1193 in <Alnwick>, Northumberland, England, died before 28 Jul 1245, and was buried in Salley Abbey, Craven, Yorkshire, England.

109. Saher IV de Quincy, 1st Earl of Winchester ^{58 67} (Robert de Quincy, Lord of Buckley and of Fawside¹⁰³, Maud de St. Liz⁹⁸, Maud, of Huntingdon⁹², Waltheof II, Earl of Northumberland⁸⁸, Sigurd, Earl of Northumberland⁸⁴, Bjorn Ulfiusson⁷⁹, Estrid Svensdatter, Princess of Denmark⁷³, Svend I "Forked Beard", King of Denmark, Norway and England⁶⁷, Harald "the Blue Tooth" Gormsson, King of Denmark⁶¹, Geva Knudsson, King of Denmark⁵⁷, Knud Sigurdsson⁵³, Sigurd "Snake-Eye" Ragnarsson⁴⁹, Ragnar "Lodbrok" Sigurdsson⁴⁶, Sigurd "Ring" Randversson, King in Sweden⁴⁴, Randver Radbartsson⁴¹, Aud Ivarsdatter³⁸, Ivar "Vidfame", King in Sweden³⁵, Halfdan, King in Sweden³², Harald²⁹, Valdar²⁶, Hroar²³, Halfdan²¹, Frodi¹⁹, Fridleif¹⁸, Frodi¹⁶, Dan¹⁵, Olaf¹⁴, Vermund¹³, Frodi¹², Havar¹¹, Fridleif¹⁰, Frodi⁹, Fridleif⁸, Skjöldr, King of Denmark [Legendary]⁷, Odin, [Mythological]⁶, Frithuwald, [Mythological]⁵, Freothalaf, [Mythological]⁴, Finn, [Mythological]³, Flocwald, [Mythological]², Godwulf, [Mythological]¹) was born in 1155 and died on 3 Nov 1219 in Palestine at age 64. Other names for Saher were Seer de Quincy, Saher de Quincey Earl of Winchester, Saher de Quincey Earl of Winchester, and Saer de Quincy 1st Earl of Winchester.

Research Notes: From Wikipedia - Saer de Quincy, 1st Earl of Winchester

Saer de Quincy, 1st Earl of Winchester (1155 - 1219 -11-03 ) was one of the leaders of the baronial rebellion against King John of England , and a major figure in both Scotland and England in the decades around the turn of the twelfth and thirteenth centuries.

Saer de Quincy's immediate background was in the Scottish kingdom: his father was a knight in the service of king William the Lion , and his mother was the heiress of the lordship of Leuchars in Fife (see below ). His rise to prominence in England came through his marriage to Margaret, the younger sister of Robert de Beaumont, 4th Earl of Leicester : but it is probably no coincidence that her other brother was the de Quincys' powerful Fife neighbour, Roger de Beaumont , Bishop of St Andrews . In 1204, Earl Robert died, leaving Margaret as co-heiress of the vast earldom along with her elder sister. The estate was split in half, and after the final division was ratified in 1207, de Quincy was made Earl of Winchester .

Following his marriage, de Quincy became a prominent military and diplomatic figure in England. There is no evidence of any close alliance with King John , however, and his rise to importance was probably due to his newly-acquired magnate status and the family connections that underpinned it.

Family
The family of de Quincy had arrived in England after the Norman Conquest , and took their name from Cuinchy in the Arrondissement of Béthune ; the personal name "Saer" was used by them over several generations. Both names are variously spelled in primary sources and older modern works, the first name being sometimes rendered Saher or Seer, and the surname as Quency or Quenci.

The first recorded Saer de Quincy (known to historians as "Saer I") was lord of the manor of Long Buckby in Northamptonshire in the earlier twelfth century, and second husband of Matilda of St Liz , stepdaughter of King David I of Scotland . This marriage produced two sons, Saer II and Robert de Quincy . It was Robert, the younger son, who was the father of the Saer de Quincy who eventually became Earl of Winchester. By her first husband Robert Fitz Richard , Matilda was also the paternal grandmother of Earl Saer's close ally, Robert Fitzwalter.

Robert de Quincy seems to have inherited no English lands from his father, and pursued a knightly career in Scotland, where he is recorded from around 1160 as a close companion of his cousin, King William the Lion . By 1170 he had married Orabilis , heiress of the Scottish lordship of Leuchars and, through her, he became lord of an extensive complex of estates north of the border which included lands in Fife , Strathearn and Lothian .

Saer de Quincy, the son of Robert de Quincy and Orabilis of Leuchars, was raised largely in Scotland. His absence from English records for the first decades of his life has led some modern historians and genealogists to confuse him with his uncle, Saer II, who took part in the rebellion of Henry the Young King in 1173, when the future Earl of Winchester can have been no more than a toddler. Saer II's line ended without direct heirs, and his nephew and namesake would eventually inherit his estate, uniting his primary Scottish holdings with the family's Northamptonshire patrimony, and possibly some lands in France.

By his wife Margaret de Beaumont, Saer de Quincy had three sons and three daughters:

Lorette who married Sir William de Valognes
Arabella who married Sir Richard Harcourt
Robert (d. 1217). Some sources say he married Hawise, sister and co-heiress of Ranulf de Blundeville, earl of Chester . However, it is more likely Hawise married Saer's brother Robert II;
Roger , who succeeded his father as earl of Winchester (though he did not take formal possession of the earldom until after his mother's death);
Robert de Quincy (second son of that name; d. 1257) who married Helen , daughter of the Welsh prince Llywelyn the Great ;
Hawise, who married Hugh de Vere, 4th Earl of Oxford .
His arms were: Or, a fess gules, in chief a label of seven points azure.

Noted events in his life were:

• Governor of Castle of Ruil: in Normandy, 1203.

• Created: Earl of Winchester, Bef 1210.

• Magna Charta Surety: 1215.

• Crusader: 1218-1219.

• Siege of Damietta: 1219.

Saher married Margaret de Beaumont,^{79 86 87} daughter of Sir Robert de Beaumont, 3rd Earl of Leicester and Petronilla de Grandmesnil, before 1173 in England. Margaret was born about 1156 in <Hampshire>, England and died about 12 Jan 1235 about age 79. Another name for Margaret was Margaret de Harcourt.

Death Notes: Ancestral Roots, line 53-27 has "d. prob. on 12 Jan. 1234/5 but sh. bef. 12 Feb. 1234/5"

Research Notes: Source: Wikipedia - Hugh de Vere, 4th Earl of Oxford
and
Source: Wikipedia - Robert de Beaumont, 3rd Earl of Leicester

Children from this marriage were:

+ 116 F    i. Lorette de Quincy .

+ 117 M    ii. Robert de Quincy ^{58 88} died in 1217.

+ 118 M    iii. Roger de Quincy, 2nd Earl of Winchester ^{77 78 79 80} was born about 1174 in <Winchester>, Hampshire, England, died on 25 Apr 1264 in England about age 90, and was buried in Brackley, Aberdeenshire, Scotland.

+ 119 M    iv. Robert II de Quincy ^{89 90} died in 1257 in <Palestine>.

+ 120 F    v. Hawise de Quincy .^{91 92}

110. Henry de Bohun, 5th Earl of Hereford ^{75 76} (Margaret, of Huntingdon¹⁰⁵, Henry, of Huntingdon, Earl of Northumberland & Huntingdon⁹⁹, Maud, of Huntingdon⁹², Waltheof II, Earl of Northumberland⁸⁸, Sigurd, Earl of Northumberland⁸⁴, Bjorn Ulfiusson⁷⁹, Estrid Svensdatter, Princess of Denmark⁷³, Svend I "Forked Beard", King of Denmark, Norway and England⁶⁷, Harald "the Blue Tooth" Gormsson, King of Denmark⁶¹, Geva Knudsson, King of Denmark⁵⁷, Knud Sigurdsson⁵³, Sigurd "Snake-Eye" Ragnarsson⁴⁹, Ragnar "Lodbrok" Sigurdsson⁴⁶, Sigurd "Ring" Randversson, King in Sweden⁴⁴, Randver Radbartsson⁴¹, Aud Ivarsdatter³⁸, Ivar "Vidfame", King in Sweden³⁵, Halfdan, King in Sweden³², Harald²⁹, Valdar²⁶, Hroar²³, Halfdan²¹, Frodi¹⁹, Fridleif¹⁸, Frodi¹⁶, Dan¹⁵, Olaf¹⁴, Vermund¹³, Frodi¹², Havar¹¹, Fridleif¹⁰, Frodi⁹, Fridleif⁸, Skjöldr, King of Denmark [Legendary]⁷, Odin, [Mythological]⁶, Frithuwald, [Mythological]⁵, Freothalaf, [Mythological]⁴, Finn, [Mythological]³, Flocwald, [Mythological]², Godwulf, [Mythological]¹) was born in 1176 and died on 1 Jun 1220 at age 44.

Death Notes: Died on a pilgrimage to the Holy Land

Research Notes: From Magna Charta Barons, pp. 81-82:
Henry de Bohun, eldest son and heir, who in reality was the first Earl of Hereford of this family, being so created by charter of King John, dated April 28, 1199; but the office of lord high constable he inherited. As he took prominent part with the Barons against the king, his lands were sequestered, but he received them again at the sealing of the Magna Charta. He was elected one of the celebrated twenty-five Sureties for the observance of the Magna Charta, and having been excommunicated by the Pope, with the other Barons, he did not return to his allegiance on the decease of King John, but was one of the commanders in the army of Louis, the Dauphin, at the battle of Lincoln, and was taken prisoner. After this defeat he joined Saher de Quincey, and others, in a pilgrimage to the Holy Land, and c. on the passage, June 1, 1220, 4 Henry III. His body was brought home and buried in the chapter-house of Llanthony Abbey, in Gloucestershire.

He m. Maud, daughter of Geoffrey Fitz-Piers, Baron de Mandeville, created, in 1199, Earl of Essex, Justiciary of England, d. 1212, and eventually heiress of her brother William de Mandeville, last Earl of Essex of that family, by whom he acquired the honor of Essex and many extensive lordships, and sister of Geoffrey de Mandeville, one of the celebrated twenty-five Magna Charta Sureties, and had:
Humphrey de Bohun, second Earl of Hereford and Essex.
Margaret, wife of Waleran de Newburgh, fourth Earl of Warwick.
Ralph de Bohun.

Noted events in his life were:

• Hereditary Constable of England:

• Sheriff of Kent: 1200.

• Magna Charta Surety: 1215.

Henry married Maud FitzGeoffrey, de Mandeville,⁹³ daughter of Geoffrey FitzPeter, 1st Earl of Essex and Beatrice de Say,. Maud died on 27 Aug 1236.

Research Notes: After Henry's death (1220), Countess of Essex

The child from this marriage was:

+ 121 M    i. Humphrey V de Bohun, 2nd Earl of Hereford, 7th Earl of Essex ^{94 95} was born by 1208, died on 24 Sep 1275 in Warwickshire, England at age 67, and was buried in Llanthony Secunda, Gloucester, Gloucestershire, England.

111. Roger de Toeni ³⁷ (Ralph de Toeni, de Conches¹⁰⁶, Roger de Toeni, de Conches¹⁰⁰, Alice Huntingdon⁹³, Waltheof II, Earl of Northumberland⁸⁸, Sigurd, Earl of Northumberland⁸⁴, Bjorn Ulfiusson⁷⁹, Estrid Svensdatter, Princess of Denmark⁷³, Svend I "Forked Beard", King of Denmark, Norway and England⁶⁷, Harald "the Blue Tooth" Gormsson, King of Denmark⁶¹, Geva Knudsson, King of Denmark⁵⁷, Knud Sigurdsson⁵³, Sigurd "Snake-Eye" Ragnarsson⁴⁹, Ragnar "Lodbrok" Sigurdsson⁴⁶, Sigurd "Ring" Randversson, King in Sweden⁴⁴, Randver Radbartsson⁴¹, Aud Ivarsdatter³⁸, Ivar "Vidfame", King in Sweden³⁵, Halfdan, King in Sweden³², Harald²⁹, Valdar²⁶, Hroar²³, Halfdan²¹, Frodi¹⁹, Fridleif¹⁸, Frodi¹⁶, Dan¹⁵, Olaf¹⁴, Vermund¹³, Frodi¹², Havar¹¹, Fridleif¹⁰, Frodi⁹, Fridleif⁸, Skjöldr, King of Denmark [Legendary]⁷, Odin, [Mythological]⁶, Frithuwald, [Mythological]⁵, Freothalaf, [Mythological]⁴, Finn, [Mythological]³, Flocwald, [Mythological]², Godwulf, [Mythological]¹) was born about 1156 in <Flamsted, Hertfordshire>, England and died about Jan 1209 about age 53.

Roger married Constance de Beaumont,⁴⁴ daughter of Richard de Beaumont and Unknown,. Constance was born about 1202 in <Flamsted, Hertfordshire>, England and died after 1226.

The child from this marriage was:

+ 122 M    i. Ralph de Toeni ³⁷ was born about 1190 in <Flamsted, Hertfordshire>, England and died about 29 Sep 1239 about age 49.

  42nd Generation  

112. Margaret de Quincy ^{79 81 82} (Helen, of Galloway¹⁰⁷, Helen de L'Isle¹⁰¹, Reginald, Lord of the Isles⁹⁴, Ragnhild Olafsdatter⁸⁹, Ingebiorg Hakonsdatter⁸⁵, Haakon Paalsson⁸⁰, Paul Thorfinnsson, Jarl of Orkney and Caithness⁷⁴, Thorfinn II "the Black" Sigurdsson, Earl of Orkney⁶⁸, Sigurd II "Digri" Hlodversson⁶², Hlodver Thorfinnsson, Earl of Orkney⁵⁸, Grelod Duncansdatter⁵⁴, Groa Thorsteinsdatter⁵⁰, Thurid Eyvindsdatter⁴⁷, Eyvind "the Easterling"⁴⁵, Bjarni⁴³, Hrolf⁴⁰, Solgi³⁷, Harald "Hilditonn"³⁴, Hraerek "Slaunvanbauga"³¹, Halfdan²⁸, Frodi²⁵, Hraerek "Hnauggvanbaug"²², Ingjald²⁰, Frodi¹⁹, Fridleif¹⁸, Frodi¹⁶, Dan¹⁵, Olaf¹⁴, Vermund¹³, Frodi¹², Havar¹¹, Fridleif¹⁰, Frodi⁹, Fridleif⁸, Skjöldr, King of Denmark [Legendary]⁷, Odin, [Mythological]⁶, Frithuwald, [Mythological]⁵, Freothalaf, [Mythological]⁴, Finn, [Mythological]³, Flocwald, [Mythological]², Godwulf, [Mythological]¹) was born in 1218 in <Winchester>, Hampshire, England and died on 12 Mar 1280 at age 62.

Research Notes: 2nd wife of William de Ferrers.

Margaret married Sir William de Ferrers, 5th Earl of Derby,^{82 96 97} son of William de Ferrers, 4th Earl of Derby and Agnes, of Chester, Lady of Chartley, about 1238. William was born about 1193 in <Derbyshire>, England, died on 28 Mar 1254 in Evington, Leicestershire, England about age 61, and was buried on 31 Mar 1254 in Merevale Abbey, Merevale, Warwickshire, England.

Birth Notes: FamilySearch has b. abt 1200

Death Notes: FamilySearch has d. 24 Mar 1254

Research Notes: From Wikipedia - William de Ferrers, 5th Earl of Derby :

William III de Ferrers, 5th Earl of Derby (1193 - 28 March 1254), was an English nobleman and head of a family which controlled a large part of Derbyshire including an area known as Duffield Frith .
He was born in Derbyshire , England, the son of William de Ferrers, 4th Earl of Derby and Agnes of Chester , a daughter of Hugh of Kevelioc , Earl of Chester and Bertrada de Montfort. He succeeded to the title in 1247, on the death of his father and, after doing homage to King Henry III , he had livery of Chartley Castle and other lands of his mother's inheritance. He had accompanied King Henry to France in 1230 and sat in parliament in London in the same year.
He had many favours granted to him by the king, among them the right of free warren in Beaurepair (Belper ), Makeney , Winleigh (Windley ), Holbrooke , Siward (Southwood near Coxbench), Heyhegh (Heage ) Cortelegh (Corkley, in the parish of Muggington ), Ravensdale , Holland (Hulland ), and many other places,[1]
Like his father, he suffered from gout from youth, and always traveled in a litter. He was accidentally thrown from his litter into water, while crossing a bridge, at St Neots , in Huntingdon and although he escaped immediate death, yet he never recovered from the effects of the accident. He died on 28 March 1254, after only seven years, and was succeeded by his son Robert de Ferrers, 6th Earl of Derby .

Earl William Ferrers' effigy in Merevale Abbey
William de Ferrers is buried at Merevere Abbey , Warwickshire , England. His widow died on 12 March 1280.
Family and Children

William Ferrers married Sibyl Marshal , one of the daughters and co-heirs of William Marshal, 1st Earl of Pembroke . They had seven daughters:
Agnes Ferrers (died 11 May 1290), married William de Vesci.
Isabel Ferrers (died before 26 November 1260), married (1) Gilbert Basset, of Wycombe, and (2) Reginald de Mohun
Maud Ferrers (died 12 March 1298), married (1) Simon de Kyme, and (2) William de Vivonia, and (3) Amaury IX of Rochechouart.
Sibyl Ferrers, married Sir Francis or Franco de Bohun, an ancestor of Daniel Boone. (it is her aunt Sibyl, sister of William, who married John de Vipont , Lord of Appleby)
Joan Ferrers (died 1267), married to:
John de Mohun;
Robert Aguillon
Agatha Ferrers (died May 1306), married Hugh Mortimer, of Chelmarsh .
Eleanor Ferrers (died 16 October 1274), married to:
William de Vaux;
Roger de Quincy, Earl of Winchester ;
Roger de Leybourne, but had no issue
In 1238, he married Margaret de Quincy (born 1218), daughter of Roger de Quincy, 2nd Earl of Winchester and Helen of Galloway . Bizarrely, Margaret was both the stepmother and stepdaughter of William's daughter, Eleanor. The earl and Margaret had the following children:
Robert de Ferrers, 6th Earl of Derby , his successor. He married:
Mary de Lusignan, daughter of Hugh XI of Lusignan , Count of Angoulême , and niece of King Henry III , by whom he had no issue;
Alianore de Bohun, daughter of Humphrey VI de Bohun , per Ancestral Roots of Certain American Colonists Who Came to America Before 1700 by Frederick Lewis Weis, Lines 57-30 & 68-29.
William Ferrers obtained, by gift of Margaret, his mother, the manor of Groby in Leicestershire , assuming the arms of the family of De Quincy. He married:
Anne Durward , daughter of Alan Durward [2]; their son was William de Ferrers, 1st Baron Ferrers of Groby .
Eleanor, daughter of Matthew Lovaine.
Joan Ferrers (died 19 March 1309) married Thomas de Berkeley, 1st Baron Berkeley .
Agnes Ferrers married Sir Robert de Muscegros (aka Robert de Musgrove ), Lord of Kemerton , Boddington & Deerhurst .
Elizabeth Ferrers , married to:
William Marshal , 2nd Baron Marshal;
Prince Dafydd ap Gruffydd

Children from this marriage were:

+ 123 F    i. Agnes de Ferrers ⁹⁸ died after 9 May 1281.

+ 124 M    ii. Robert de Ferrers, 6th Earl of Derby ⁹⁹ was born in 1239 and died in 1279 at age 40.

+ 125 F    iii. Joan de Ferrers ^{79 82} was born about 1248 in Derbyshire, England, died on 19 Mar 1309 in Berkeley Castle, Berkeley, Gloucestershire, England about age 61, and was buried in St. Augustine's, Bristol, Gloucestershire, England.

113. Elizabeth de Quincey ⁷⁸ (Helen, of Galloway¹⁰⁷, Helen de L'Isle¹⁰¹, Reginald, Lord of the Isles⁹⁴, Ragnhild Olafsdatter⁸⁹, Ingebiorg Hakonsdatter⁸⁵, Haakon Paalsson⁸⁰, Paul Thorfinnsson, Jarl of Orkney and Caithness⁷⁴, Thorfinn II "the Black" Sigurdsson, Earl of Orkney⁶⁸, Sigurd II "Digri" Hlodversson⁶², Hlodver Thorfinnsson, Earl of Orkney⁵⁸, Grelod Duncansdatter⁵⁴, Groa Thorsteinsdatter⁵⁰, Thurid Eyvindsdatter⁴⁷, Eyvind "the Easterling"⁴⁵, Bjarni⁴³, Hrolf⁴⁰, Solgi³⁷, Harald "Hilditonn"³⁴, Hraerek "Slaunvanbauga"³¹, Halfdan²⁸, Frodi²⁵, Hraerek "Hnauggvanbaug"²², Ingjald²⁰, Frodi¹⁹, Fridleif¹⁸, Frodi¹⁶, Dan¹⁵, Olaf¹⁴, Vermund¹³, Frodi¹², Havar¹¹, Fridleif¹⁰, Frodi⁹, Fridleif⁸, Skjöldr, King of Denmark [Legendary]⁷, Odin, [Mythological]⁶, Frithuwald, [Mythological]⁵, Freothalaf, [Mythological]⁴, Finn, [Mythological]³, Flocwald, [Mythological]², Godwulf, [Mythological]¹). Another name for Elizabeth was Elisabeth de Quincy.

Research Notes: 2nd daughter, and coheiress, of Roger de Quincy.

Elizabeth married Alexander Comyn, 2nd Earl of Buchan.¹⁰⁰ Alexander died in 1289.

Research Notes: From Wikipedia - Alexander Comyn, Earl of Buchan :

Alexander Comyn, Earl of Buchan (died 1289) was a Scoto-Norman magnate who was one of the most important figures in the 13th century Kingdom of Scotland . He was the son of William Comyn, jure uxoris Earl of Buchan , and Marjory, Countess of Buchan , the heiress of the last native Scottish Mormaer of Buchan , Fergus . During his long career, Alexander was Justiciar of Scotia (1258-89), Constable of Scotland (1275-89), Sheriff of Wigtown (1263-66), Sheriff of Dingwall (1264-66), Ballie of Inverie (in Knoydart ) and finally, Guardian of Scotland (1286-89) during the first interregnum following the death of King Alexander III . He died sometime after July 10 , 1289 .

Alexander had at least nine children with his wife, Elisabeth, daughter of Roger de Quincy, 2nd Earl of Winchester :
John , Alexander's successor as Earl of Buchan
Roger
Lord Alexander Comyn, a sheriff of Aberdeen, married Joan, sister of William le Latimer, and had issue. Henry de Beaumont would claim the Earldom of Buchan through marriage to their daughter, Alice .
Lord William Comyn, Provost of St. Mary's Church, St. Andrews
Lady Marjorie Comyn, m. Patrick Dunbar, 8th Earl of Dunbar
Lady Emma Comyn, m. Maol Íosa III, Earl of Strathearn
Lady Elisabetha Comyn, m. Gilbert de Umfraville, 1st Earl of Angus
Lady Elena Comyn
Lady Annora Comyn, m. Nicholas de Soules