William Jackson Fish ^{2 3 4 5}

   Other names for William were Fish, Captain Fish, Paschal Fish <Sr.> and William Jackson.

  Research Notes:

From Shawnee Heritage I: Shawnee Genealogy and Family History by Don Greene, 2014, p. 114:

527. Fish aka William Jackson-Capt. Fish - adopted-white born about 1760 died 1833 - adopted son before 1778 OH of Black Fish/25, raiding Ohio River valley/88, Blue Jacket War/78-94, living in MO before 1828, succeeded adopted brother Lewis Rogers/50 as Chief of Band, husband 1^st about 1780 OH of Elizabeth Bishop/65-adopted-white, 2^nd about 1789 OH of Chalakatha Woman/74, 3^rd 1797 OH of Martha Rogers/82-1/2 Chalakatha-Mekoche-Pekowi-Metis (granddaughter of his adopted father Black Fish), father with Bishop of Daughter of Fish/81, Joseph Jackson/83, William Jackson Jr/85-all white-Shawnee, with Chalakatha of Arch Fish/90, Isaac Fish/92, Andrew Fish/94, Jesse Fish/96, Betsy Jane Fish/98-all ½ Chalakatha-Metis, with Rogers of Elizabeth Nakease Fish/98, William Jackson Jr/1800, Miss Fish/1802, Pascal Fish/1804, John Ficklin Fish/1806 & Charles Salahnewe Fish/1808-all ¼ Chalakatha-Mekoche-Pakowi-Metis

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From Don Greene's later book Shawnee Heritage II: Select Lineages of Notable Shawnee, 2014, pp. 329-330:

ADOPTED SON 1770 [of Black Fish]

Jackson, William aka Fish-Capt Fish - adopted-white born about 1760 died 1833 - parents unknown, adopted son about 1770 OH of Black Fish/1725, Blue Jacket War/1777-94, living in MO before 1819, succeeded adopted brother Lewis Rogers/1750 as Chief of Band, husband 1^st about 1780 OH of Elizabeth Bishop/1765-adopted-white, 2^nd about 1789 OH of Daughter of Young Black Fish/1774- (granddaughter of his adopted father Black Fish), 3^rd 1797 OH of Martha Rogers/1782- (granddaughter of his adopted father Black Fish), father with Bishop of Daughter of Fish/1781, Joseph Jackson/1783, William Jackson Jr (1)/1785-all white-Shawnee, with [Daughter of Young] Black Fish of Arch Fish/1790, Isaac Fish/1792, Andrew Fish/1794, Jesse Fish/1796, Betsy Jane Fish/1798-all ½ Chalakatha-Makoche-Pekowi-Metis, with Rogers of Elizabeth Nakease Fish/1798, William Jackson Jr (2)/1800, Miss Fish/1802, Pascal Fish/1804, John Ficklin Fish/1806 & Charles Salahnewe Fish/1808-all 1/4^th Chalakatha-Mekoche-Pekowi-Metis

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From Historic Shawnee Names of the 1700s - http://www.shawnee-traditions.com/Names-7.html

"Fish aka William Jackson - Adopted-white born about 1760-died 1833 - adopted son of Black Fish before 1778, raiding Ohio River valley 1788, Little Turtle War, move to MO 1828, husband 1^st about 1780 of Elizabeth Bishop-white, 2^nd about 1789 of Shawnee Woman, 3^rd 1798 of Polly Rogers-1/2 Shawnee Metis (granddaughter of Black Fish), father with Shawnee Woman of Arch/90, Pascal/92, Isaac/94, Andrew/95, Jesse/96-all 1/2 Shawnee Metis, no children of record with Elizabeth, with Polly [of] Elizabeth Nakease/98, John/99, William Jr/1800-all 1/4^th Shawnee Metis"

See notes under Joseph Jackson. It is unlikely that the Joseph Jackson captured by the Blackfish band of Shawnee with Daniel Boone in 1778 was this William Jackson's father since records show this William adopted by the Shawnee before that Joseph was captured.

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May have been 1/4 Miami and 1/8 Delaware (see below).
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From text accompanying a photograph from the Smithsonian Institution archives:

"[Leander] Jackson Fish's father [Paschal Fish] was half Shawnee, one eighth Miami and one sixteenth Delaware. "
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If the math is correct and Paschal Fish's mother was 100% Shawnee, then his father [William Jackson] was probably 1/4 Miami and 1/8 Delaware. On the other hand, if Paschal Fish's mother was Polly Rogers, either Polly was 1/4 Miami and 1/8 Delaware with William Jackson Fish identifying himself as Shawnee, or Polly was 100% Shawnee and William Jackson Fish was 1/4 Miami and 1/8 Delaware.

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From website "The History of Eudora, Kansas" at https://www.eudorakshistory.com/delaware_shawnee/delaware-and-shawnee%20.htm

Iroquois drove the Shawnee from southern Ohio, West Virginia, and western Pennsylvania during the 1660s. By 1730, most Shawnees returned to their homelands. American settlement pushed them out again, first to Ohio, and then some to Missouri.

Starting in 1830, many came to Kansas because of treaties as did several other emigrant tribes made up of numerous "half breeds," that is, of white and Indian parents. Stated the History of Wyandotte County Kansas and Its People:
"The Shawnee Indian mission was the most ambitious attempt of any Protestant church in the early times to care for the Indians of Kansas. In 1828 what was called the Fish band of Shawnee Indians was moved by the government from Ohio to Wyandotte county, Kansas. They were under the leadership of the Prophet, the brother of the great Tecumseh, who made his home near the spot where the town of Turner now stands. The following year the Reverend Thomas Johnson, a member of the Missouri conference of the Methodist church, followed the Indians to Turner, built a log house on the hill south of the Kansas river and began working among the red men as a missionary. In 1832 the rest of the Shawnee Indians from Ohio rejoined their tribe in Kansas. The government allotted them a large reservation of the best land in eastern Kansas."

Paschal Fish Sr., a white man named William Jackson who took the name "Paschal," the Latin word for "Easter," was educated at a mission school in Ohio. According to http://www.shawnee-traditions.com/Names-7.html Fish, was born about 1760 and taken from his white family in the Ohio River Valley to be the adopted son of Black Fish before 1778. He married Elizabeth Bishop, a white woman, about 1789; took a Shawnee wife in 1789; and then married Polly Rogers, the grand-daughter of Black Fish and half-Shawnee. He had several children, including Paschal Fish, Jr., a child with his Shawnee wife. He brought 30 mostly mixed-blood Shawnee (most with white skin and several with light hair) and five whites around 1831 to the Shawnee Mission in present-day Fairway, Kansas, which was a Methodist-run school for Indian youth. While Baptists and Quakers also ran mission schools, the Methodists had the largest at the Shawnee Mission, which was also a stopping post for travelers. Fish died there in 1834.

A journal entry of Isaac McCoy, an area Baptist missionary, who lobbied for Indian land removal and surveyed treaty lands in Kansas [see "Journal of Isaac McCoy for the Exploring Expedition of 1828," edited by Lela Barnes, November 1936 (Kansas Historical Quarterly, vol. 5, no. 4, pages 339 to 377) referred to Paschal Fish when it stated: "Today more than twenty Shawanoes assembled in obedience to a call of Major Campbell, to whom I made a pretty lengthy address on the subject of a mission being established among them. . . .After the council was dissolved, I had an interview with Fish, alone, He is the Chief of a band of them, He assured me that he and his party were in favour of having a mission established among them. They had been desiring it for some time. They would not have come to this place had they not hoped that this would be done for them. He said he had often expressed his opinion to Shane, He was of the same opinion still. He thought that if a School, &c. was once begun those who are now indifferent to the subject would be induced to follow the example of others who are now ready to adopt those measures, and when they would see others sending their children to school, &c. they would be induced to do the same, &c. &c. I assured him that at his request a mission should be given them, and that I would enter immediately upon the work of bringing it about. Another man of influence said to me alone that he greatly desired a school that he might send his children, and that his brother might be allowed to send his. Another man, one of Fish's party was pointed out to me, who said that if a school could not be established here he would have to send his daughters into the settlements of the whites, which would occasion an expense which he could not well bear."

Copyright 2015. Cindy Higgins. Where the Wakarusa Meets the Kaw: A History of Eudora, Kansas. Eudora, KS: Author.

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See KHC, vol. 9, pp. 166,167. Historian Rodney Staab of Shawnee Mission, Kansas, has furnished me with an excellent account of Chief Fish written by Fern Long. Her information conflicts somewhat with other sources, but it should not be missed by anyone doing research on the Jackson/Fish family. According to her 1978 article on Chief Fish, she agrees that [William Jackson Fish] was captured as a youth and raised by the Shawnees in the band of Lewis Rogers whose daughter he married. Paschal Fish was "a large-framed man" who "also acquired the Indian ways seeming to be totally Indian." but at the same time, she says "these Shawnees had associated with white people for generations and desired a settled life with homes, schools, churches, ___and agriculture."

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From Kansas State Historical Society
Letter 13 Jan 1831 from Richard W. Cummins, U.S. Ind. Agt., Delaware & Shawnee Agency to William Clark, S.I.A., St. Louis:
"Chiefs of Fish's or Jackson's band of Shawnees have agreed to allow a school to be started. Revd. Mr. McAllister & Thomas Johnson hope to have school in operation early in spring."
^{5 7}

  Birth Notes:

Researcher Don Greene sets his birth year at 1760, listing him as "Fish, Capt."
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By same researcher: http://www.shawnee-traditions.com/Names-7.html has b. abt 1760
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He may have been born in Farquier County, Virginia.

  Death Notes:

www.wyandot.org/emigrant.htm has late October, 1833.
http://www.shawnee-traditions.com/Names-7.html has d. 1833
Another source states that he died at the Shawnee Mission in 1834. Burial?

  Noted events in his life were:

• Adopted: by Black Fish (Shawnee), Bef 1778.

• Fought: in Blue Jacket War, 1778-1794. ⁵

• Raided: Ohio River valley, 1788. ⁵

• Moved: to Missouri, 1828.

• Legislation: Indian Removal Act passed by Congress, 28 May 1830. Source: The Emigrant Tribes: Wyandot, Delaware & Shawnee, A Chronology by Larry Hancks, http://www.wyandow.org/emigrant.htm (5/21/08)

William married Elizabeth Bishop about 1780.

William next married < > [Shawnee Woman] about 1789.

William next married Martha "Polly" Rogers, daughter of Captain Henry Rogers and Chelatha Blackfish, about 1797.¹ (Martha "Polly" Rogers was born about 1782 in <Missouri>, United States ⁶ and died <1847-1849> in <Pottawatomie Mission, (Coffey, Kansas), United States.)

  Marriage Notes:

One source has m. abt 1800, another has abt 1798. However, her son Paschal Fish was born around 1796.