Husband Private (details suppressed for this person)
Born:
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Father: Private
Mother:
Marriage:
Wife (details suppressed for this person)
Born:
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Children
1 F Private (details suppressed for this person)
Born:
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Spouse: Private
2 F Cordelia Queen of Britain [Legendary] 1
Born:
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Died:
Buried:
3 F Goneril 2
Born:
Christened:
Died:
Buried:
Spouse: Maglaurus Duke of Albany ( - ) 3
Research Notes: Husband - Llyr King of Britain [Legendary]
King of the Britons, reigned about 60 years.
From Wikipedia - Leir of Britain :
Leir is a legendary prehistoric king of the Britons , as recounted by Geoffrey of Monmouth . His story is told in much-modified and romanticized form in William Shakespeare 's King Lear . In this drama, some names are identical to those of this legends (e.g. Goneril, Regan, Cordelia), and the happenings are very similar. It is thought that his legend began in the form of the sea-god Llyr and later received a historical setting. It is thus also related to the Irish tale of the Children of Lir .
In Geoffrey's Historia Regum Britanniae , Leir followed his father, King Bladud , to the kingship of Britain and had the longest reign of all the kings at sixty years. He built the city of Kaerleir (Leicester ) along the banks of the River Soar .
Unlike his predecessors, he produced no male heir to the throne but had three daughters: Goneril, Regan, and Cordelia , whom he favoured most. As he neared his death, he planned to divide the kingdom among his three daughters and their husbands. Goneril and Regan flattered their father and were married off to the Duke of Albany and Duke of Cornwall respectively, each being promised half of the kingdom to inherit. Cordelia, however, refused to flatter her father, feeling that he should not need special assurances of her love, and was given no land to rule. Aganippus , the king of the Franks , courted Cordelia and married her, although Leir refused her a dowry . Some time later, Leir became old, and the two dukes who had married his older daughters rebelled and seized the whole of the kingdom. Maglaurus, the Duke of Albany, maintained Leir in his old age, protecting him with 140 knights . However, Goneril disapproved of such extravagance and after two years decreased Leir's bodyguard to only thirty. He fled to Cornwall, where Regan decreased his guard to only five knights. He fled back to Albany and pleaded with Goneril, but he was given only one knight for protection.
Fearing his two older daughters, he fled to Gaul and his youngest child. Nearing insanity, he was nursed back to health by Cordelia, after which he was held in high honour in Gaul by the leaders, who vowed to restore him to his former glory. Leir, Cordelia, and Aganippus invaded Britain at the head of a large army and overthrew the dukes and their wives. Leir reclaimed the throne of Britain and reigned for three more years until his death. He was succeeded by Cordelia, who buried him in an underground chamber beneath the River Soar near Leicester. It was dedicated to the Roman god Janus and every year people celebrated his feast-day near Leir's tomb.
Husband Llywelyn II Prince of North Wales
AKA: Llewelin ap Griffith Prince of North Wales, Llywelyn ap Gruffydd ap Llywelyn Mawr
Born: Abt 29 Sep 1252
Christened:
Died: 11 Dec 1282 - Brecon, Brycheiniog [Breconshire] (Brecknockshire), Powys, (Wales)
Buried:
Father: Gruffydd ap Llywelyn (Abt 1196-1244)
Mother: Senena verch Caradoc ( - )
Marriage: 13 Oct 1278 - Worcester Cathedral, Worcester, Worcestershire, England
Events
Marriage by Proxy: to Eleanor de Montfort.
Wife Elinor de Montfort
AKA: Eleanor de Montfort
Born: Abt 1252
Christened:
Died: 1282
Buried:
Father: Simon de Montfort, Earl of Leicester (Abt 1208-1265)
Mother: Eleanor (1215-1275)
Marriage Events
Marriage by Proxy: to Llywelyn II, 1275.
Children
1 F Catherine verch Llewellyn Gryffyth
Born:
Christened:
Died:
Buried:
Spouse: Philip ap Ifor Lord of Is Coed ( - )
2 F Gwenllian ferch Llewelyn ap Gruffudd
Born:
Christened:
Died:
Buried:
Death Notes: Husband - Llywelyn II Prince of North Wales
Slain by Adam Fauclon
Research Notes: Husband - Llywelyn II Prince of North Wales
Last soverign prince of all Wales.
Source: Wikipedia - Llywelyn the Great
See also A History of Wales by John Davies, London, 2007
From Welsh Settlement of Pennsylvania by Charles H. Browning, Philadelphia, 1912, pp. 289-290: "LADY ELEANOR DE MONTFORT, who m. Llewellyn Gryffyth, Prince of North Wales, and the last sovereign Prince of all Wales, killed on 11 Dec. 1232, son of Llewellyn the Great"
Source: Collections Historical & Archaeological Relating to Montgomeryshire, and its Borders, Vol. XIII, Issued by the Powys-Land Club for the Use of Its Members, London, 1880, p. 122 has "Llewelin ap Griffith was slain by Adam Frauclon, 12 King Ed. I. He was Prince of North Wales."
Source: Ancestral Roots of Certain American Colonists Who Came to America before 1700 by Frederick Lewis Weis and Walter Lee Sheppard, Jr, ed. by William R. Beall & Kaleen E. Beall, Baltimore, 2008, line 260-31 (Eleanor de Montfort), has "b. abt. Michaelmas 1252, d. 1282; m. 13 Oct. 1278, Llywelyn ap Gruffydd, son of Gruffydd ap Llywelyn, d. 1 Mar. 1244, the son of LLYWELYN AP IORWERTH (176B-27), by Senena, perh. of Man."
------
From "Dafydd Goch ap Dafydd - His Real Ancestry" by Darrell Wolcott (http://www.ancientwalesstudies.org/id51.html):
"The intentions of King Edward I in 1283 seem clear enough; he was intent on total extermination of the Gwynedd princely family which had long resisted his authority over Wales. When Llewelyn ap Gruffudd was finally killed in Brecon, his brother Dafydd had taken up the fallen crown... [Dafydd's] youngest son, Owain, was taken in his father [in late June 1283]. About a week later, his eldest son Llewelyn was found and both boys were taken to the prison in Bristol. Not finished yet, the king sent the young unmarried daughters of both Llewelyn the Last and Dafydd ap Gruffudd to involuntary seclusion for training as nuns. Gwenllian ferch Llewelyn ap Gruffudd was sent to the Gilbertine nunnery at Sempringham, while the unnamed daughter or daughters of Dafydd ap Grufudd were sent to the priory at Sixhills. This insured they would never bear sons to become a future problem for the crown of England; the family had thus been made extinct."
Research Notes: Wife - Elinor de Montfort
Source: Welsh Settlement of Pennsylvania by Charles H. Browning, Philadelphia, 1912.
Source: Collections Historical & Archaeological Relating to Montgomeryshire, and its Borders, Vol. XIII, Issued by the Powys-Land Club for the Use of Its Members, London, 1880, p. 122 has "Eleanor, dau. to Simon Mountford, Earl of Leicester."
Source: Ancestral Roots of Certain American Colonists Who Came to America before 1700 by Frederick Lewis Weis and Walter Lee Sheppard, Jr, ed. by William R. Beall & Kaleen E. Beall, Baltimore, 2008, line 260-31, has "b. abt. Michaelmas 1252, d. 1282; m. 13 Oct. 1278, Llywelyn ap Gruffydd, son of Gruffydd ap Llywelyn, d. 1 Mar. 1244, the son of LLYWELYN AP IORWERTH (176B-27), by Senena, perh. of Man."
Notes: Marriage
From: A History of Wales by John Davies, London, 2007, p. 153: "[By] 1280, Edward [I] was firmly in control of his Welsh territories, which were far more extensive than those of any previous occupant of the throne of England. Llywelyn's behaviour toward the king was punctiliously correct; he made homage to Edward in December 1277; he married Elinor in the king's presence at Worcester Cathedral in October 1278; he propmptly paid the sums due from him under the Treaty of Aberconwy and in his letters he fully acknowledged Edward's suzerainty."
Husband Llywelyn the Great Prince of Gwynedd
AKA: Llewellyn the Great Prince of Gwynedd, Llywelyn Fawr Prince of Gwynedd, Llywelyn I of Wales, Llywelyn ap Iorwerth
Born: Abt 1173 - <Dolwyddelan, Conwy>, Wales
Christened:
Died: 11 Apr 1240 - Cistercian Abbey of Aberconwy, Wales
Buried: - Llanrwst Parish Church, Wales
Father: Iorwerth Drwyndwn ap Owain Gwynedd Prince of North Wales ( -Abt 1174)
Mother: Marared ferch Madog ap Maredudd ( - )
Marriage: - This couple did not marry
Other Spouse: Joan Princess of Gwynedd (Bef 1200-Between 1236/1237) 4 5 6 - 1205
Other Spouse: Crysten ( - )
Other Spouse: Gwenllian verch Ednyfed Vychan ( - )
Wife Tangwystl verch Llywarch 7 8 9
AKA: Tangwystl Goch, Tangwistell verch Lowarch Goch
Born: Abt 1168 - Rhos, Denbighshire, Wales
Christened:
Died:
Buried:
Father: Lowarch Goch ap Iorwerth of Denbighshire (Abt 1139- ) 8 9
Mother:
Children
1 M Gruffydd ap Llywelyn
AKA: Griffith ap Llewellyn ap Iorwerth
Born: Abt 1196
Christened:
Died: 1 Mar 1244
Buried: - Conway
Spouse: Senena verch Caradoc ( - )
2 F Marared ferch Llywelyn
Born: Abt 1198
Christened:
Died: After 1263
Buried:
3 F Gwenllian ferch Llywelyn
Born:
Christened:
Died:
Buried:
4 F Susanna ferch Llywelyn
Born:
Christened:
Died:
Buried:
5 F Angharad ferch Llywelyn Fawr 10 11
Born:
Christened:
Died:
Buried:
Spouse: Maelgwn Fychan ap Maelgwn ap Rhys Lord of Cardigan Is Ayron ( -1257)
Research Notes: Husband - Llywelyn the Great Prince of Gwynedd
Source: Ancestral Roots of Certain American Colonists Who Came to America before 1700 by Frederick Lewis Weis and Walter Lee Sheppard, Jr, ed. by William R. Beall & Kaleen E. Beall, Baltimore, 2008, Line 176B-27. "He had a number of mistresses, one of whom, Tangwystl, was the mother of [28. Gladys Dhu.]" Source: Wikipedia - Llywelyn the Great Source: Ancestral Roots of Certain American Colonists Who Came to America before 1700 by Frederick Lewis Weis and Walter Lee Sheppard, Jr, ed. by William R. Beall & Kaleen E. Beall, Baltimore, 2008, Line 176B-27. "He had a number of mistresses, one of whom, Tangwystl, was the mother of [28. Gladys Dhu.]" Source: A Genealogical and Heraldic Dictionary of the Landed Gentry of Great Britain & Ireland" by John Burke & John Bernard Burke, vol. I, London, 1847, p. 737 has "Gwenllian, m. Llewelyn, the great Prince of North Wales."
Source: http://wc.rootsweb.com/cgi-bin/igm.cgi?op=GET&db=:3174654&id=I593873337 FamilySearch has b. abt 835 in Alsace-Lorraine.
FamilySearch has d. 7 Aug 869
Source: http://wc.rootsweb.com/cgi-bin/igm.cgi?op=GET&db=:3174654&id=I593872024 Source: http://wc.rootsweb.com/cgi-bin/igm.cgi?op=GET&db=:3174654&id=I593872025 May have been born about 1018
Death date is either January 21 or June 21 in 1093.
From Wikipedia "Sophie, Countess of Bar": 1. Wikipedia.org, Queen Cordelia; List of legendary kings of Britain.
2. Wikipedia.org, Marganus; Leir.
3. Wikipedia.org, Marganus.
4. Davies, John, A History of Wales. (Rev. ed. New York: Penguin Group, 2007.), http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/John_of_England.
5. Weis, Frederick Lewis and Walter Lee Sheppard, Jr; William R. Beall and Kaleen E. Beall, eds, Ancestral Roots of Certain American Colonists Who Came to America before 1700 (8th ed. Baltimore: Genealogical Publishing Company, 2008.), Line 29A-27.
6. Wikipedia.org, John of England; Llywelyn the Great.
7. Wikipedia.org, Llywelyn the Great. Cit. Date: 9 Aug 2009.
8. Powys-Land Club, Collections Historical & Archĉological Relating to Montgomeryshire, and Its Borders. (Vol. 13. London: Thomas Richards, 1880.), p. 121.
9. http://www.familysearch.org, Cit. Date: 9 Aug 2009.
10. Weis, Frederick Lewis and Walter Lee Sheppard, Jr; William R. Beall and Kaleen E. Beall, eds, Ancestral Roots of Certain American Colonists Who Came to America before 1700 (8th ed. Baltimore: Genealogical Publishing Company, 2008.), Line 254-29 (Angharad).
11. Wikipedia.org, Llywelyn the Great.
12. Wikipedia.org, "Ednyfed Fychan," http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ednyfed_Fychan. Cit. Date: 22 Jun 2013.
13. http://www.familysearch.org, https://www.familysearch.org/search/recordDetails/show?uri=https://api.familysearch.org/records/pal:/MM9.1.r/M6QK-GKR/p4. Cit. Date: 13 May 2011.
14. Weis, Frederick Lewis and Walter Lee Sheppard, Jr; William R. Beall and Kaleen E. Beall, eds, Ancestral Roots of Certain American Colonists Who Came to America before 1700 (8th ed. Baltimore: Genealogical Publishing Company, 2008.), Line 145-16.
15. http://www.familysearch.org, Cit. Date: 6 Aug 2009.
16. Weis, Frederick Lewis and Walter Lee Sheppard, Jr; William R. Beall and Kaleen E. Beall, eds, Ancestral Roots of Certain American Colonists Who Came to America before 1700 (8th ed. Baltimore: Genealogical Publishing Company, 2008.), Line 140-15.
17. Website - Genealogy, http://www.smokykin.com/ged/f001/f98/a0019866.htm.
18. Wikipedia.org, Lothair I.
19. Wikipedia.org, Ermengarde of Tours.
20. http://wc.rootsweb.ancestry.com/cgi-bin/igm.cgi. Rec. Date: 25 Aug 2001, http://wc.rootsweb.com/cgi-bin/igm.cgi?op=GET&db=:3174654&id=I593872025.
21. Weis, Frederick Lewis and Walter Lee Sheppard, Jr; William R. Beall and Kaleen E. Beall, eds, Ancestral Roots of Certain American Colonists Who Came to America before 1700 (8th ed. Baltimore: Genealogical Publishing Company, 2008.), Line 144-23 (Ermentrude of Burgundy).
22. Wikipedia.org, http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sophie_of_Bar. Cit. Date: 16 Jul 2013.
23. Wikipedia.org, http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Frederick_II,_Duke_of_Upper_Lorraine. Cit. Date: 16 Jul 2013.
24. Weis, Frederick Lewis and Walter Lee Sheppard, Jr; William R. Beall and Kaleen E. Beall, eds, Ancestral Roots of Certain American Colonists Who Came to America before 1700 (8th ed. Baltimore: Genealogical Publishing Company, 2008.), Line 167-23, 144-23 (Ermentrude of Burgundy).
25. Weis, Frederick Lewis and Walter Lee Sheppard, Jr; William R. Beall and Kaleen E. Beall, eds, Ancestral Roots of Certain American Colonists Who Came to America before 1700 (8th ed. Baltimore: Genealogical Publishing Company, 2008.), Line 144-23.
26. Weis, Frederick Lewis and Walter Lee Sheppard, Jr; William R. Beall and Kaleen E. Beall, eds, Ancestral Roots of Certain American Colonists Who Came to America before 1700 (8th ed. Baltimore: Genealogical Publishing Company, 2008.), Line 158B-24.
Source: A History of Wales by John Davies, London, 2007, p.80
From Wikipedia - Llywelyn the Great :
Llywelyn the Great (Welsh Llywelyn Fawr...), full name Llywelyn ab Iorwerth, (c. 1173 - April 11 , 1240 ) was a Prince of Gwynedd in North Wales and eventually de facto ruler over most of Wales. He is occasionally called Llywelyn I of Wales.[1] By a combination of war and diplomacy he dominated Wales for forty years, and was one of only two Welsh rulers to be called 'the Great'. Llywelyn's main home and court throughout his reign was at Garth Celyn on the north coast of Gwynedd, between Bangor and Conwy, overlooking the port of Llanfaes. Throughout the thirteenth century, up to the Edwardian conquest, Garth Celyn, Aber Garth Celyn , was in effect the capital of Wales. (Garth Celyn is now known as Pen y Bryn , Bryn Llywelyn, Abergwyngregyn and parts of the medieval buildings still remain).
During Llywelyn's boyhood Gwynedd was ruled by two of his uncles, who had agreed to split the kingdom between them following the death of Llywelyn's grandfather, Owain Gwynedd , in 1170. Llywelyn had a strong claim to be the legitimate ruler and began a campaign to win power at an early age. He was sole ruler of Gwynedd by 1200, and made a treaty with King John of England the same year. Llywelyn's relations with John remained good for the next ten years. He married John's illegitimate daughter Joan , also known as Joanna, in 1205, and when John arrested Gwenwynwyn ab Owain of Powys in 1208 Llywelyn took the opportunity to annex southern Powys. In 1210 relations deteriorated and John invaded Gwynedd in 1211. Llywelyn was forced to seek terms and to give up all his lands east of the River Conwy, but was able to recover these lands the following year in alliance with the other Welsh princes. He allied himself with the barons who forced John to sign Magna Carta in 1215. By 1216 he was the dominant power in Wales, holding a council at Aberdyfi that year to apportion lands to the other princes.
Following King John's death, Llywelyn concluded the Treaty of Worcester with his successor Henry III in 1218. During the next fifteen years Llywelyn was frequently involved in fighting with Marcher lords and sometimes with the king, but also made alliances with several of the major powers in the Marches. The Peace of Middle in 1234 marked the end of Llywelyn's military career as the agreed truce of two years was extended year by year for the remainder of his reign. He maintained his position in Wales until his death in 1240, and was succeeded by his son Dafydd ap Llywelyn .
Genealogy and early life
Llywelyn was born about 1173, the son of Iorwerth ap Owain and the grandson of Owain Gwynedd , who had been ruler of Gwynedd until his death in 1170. Llywelyn was a descendant of the senior line of Rhodri Mawr and therefore a member of the princely house of Aberffraw.[2] He was probably born at Dolwyddelan though he could not have been born in the present Dolwyddelan castle, which was built by Llywelyn himself. He may have been born in the old castle which occupied a rocky knoll on the valley floor.[3] Little is known about his father, Iorwerth Drwyndwn, who may have died when Llywelyn was an infant. There is no record of Iorwerth having taken part in the power struggle between some of Owain Gwynedd's other sons following Owain's death, although he was the eldest surviving son. There is a tradition that he was disabled or disfigured in some way that excluded him from power.[4]
By 1175 Gwynedd had been divided between two of Llywelyn's uncles. Dafydd ab Owain held the area east of the River Conwy and Rhodri ab Owain held the west. Dafydd and Rhodri were the sons of Owain by his second marriage to Cristin ferch Goronwy. This marriage was not considered valid by the church as Cristin was Owain's first cousin, a degree of relationship which according to Canon law prohibited marriage. Giraldus Cambrensis refers to Iorwerth Drwyndwn as the only legitimate son of Owain Gwynedd.[5] Following Iorwerth's death, Llywelyn was, at least in the eyes of the church, the legitimate claimant to the throne of Gwynedd.[6]
Llywelyn's mother was Marared, sometimes anglicized to Margaret, daughter of Madog ap Maredudd , prince of Powys . There is evidence that after Iorwerth's death Marared married into the Corbet family of Caux in Shropshire , and Llywelyn may have spent part of his boyhood there.[7]...
Marital problems 1230
Following his capture, William de Braose, 10th Baron Abergavenny decided to ally himself to Llywelyn, and a marriage was arranged between his daughter Isabella and Llywelyn's heir, Dafydd ap Llywelyn. At Easter 1230 William visited Llywelyn's court Garth Celyn , Aber Garth Celyn now known as Pen y Bryn , Abergwyngregyn . During this visit he was found in Llywelyn's chamber together with Llywelyn's wife Joan. On 2 May , De Braose was hanged in the marshland under Garth Celyn , the place now remembered as Gwern y Grog, Hanging Marsh, a deliberately humiliating execution for a nobleman, and Joan was placed under house arrest for a year. The Brut y Tywysogion chronicler commented:
" ... that year William de Breos the Younger, lord of Brycheiniog, was hanged by the lord Llywelyn in Gwynedd, after he had been caught in Llywelyn's chamber with the king of England's daughter, Llywelyn's wife.[42] " A letter from Llywelyn to William's wife, Eva de Braose, written shortly after the execution enquires whether she still wishes the marriage between Dafydd and Isabella to take place.[43] The marriage did go ahead, and the following year Joan was forgiven and restored to her position as princess.
Until 1230 Llywelyn had used the title princeps Norwalliĉ 'Prince of North Wales', but from that year he changed his title to 'Prince of Aberffraw and Lord of Snowdon', possibly to underline his supremacy over the other Welsh princes.[44] He did not formally style himself 'Prince of Wales ' although as J.E. Lloyd comments "he had much of the power which such a title might imply".[45]...
Arrangements for the succession
In his later years Llywelyn devoted much effort to ensuring that his only legitimate son Dafydd would follow him as ruler of Gwynedd. Dafydd's older but illegitimate brother, Gruffydd , was excluded from the succession. This was a departure from Welsh custom, not as is often stated because the kingdom was not divided between Dafydd and Gruffydd but because Gruffydd was excluded from consideration as a potential heir owing to his illegitimacy. This was contrary to Welsh law which stipulated that illegitimate sons had equal rights with legitimate sons, provided they had been acknowledged by the father.[50]
In 1220 Llywelyn induced the minority government of King Henry to acknowledge Dafydd as his heir.[51] In 1222 he petitioned Pope Honorius III to have Dafydd's succession confirmed. The original petition has not been preserved but the Pope's reply refers to the "destestable custom ... in his land whereby the son of the handmaiden was equally heir with the son of the free woman and illegitimate sons obtained an inheritance as if they were legitimate". The Pope welcomed the fact that Llywelyn was abolishing this custom.[52] In 1226 Llywelyn persuaded the Pope to declare his wife Joan, Dafydd's mother, to be a legitimate daughter of King John, again in order to strengthen Dafydd's position, and in 1229 the English crown accepted Dafydd's homage for the lands he would inherit from his father.[53] In 1238 Llywelyn held a council at Strata Florida Abbey where the other Welsh princes swore fealty to Dafydd.[54] Llywelyn's original intention had been that they should do homage to Dafydd, but the king wrote to the other rulers forbidding them to do homage.[55]
Gruffydd was given an appanage in Meirionnydd and Ardudwy but his rule was said to be oppressive, and in 1221 Llywelyn stripped him of these territories.[56] In 1228 Llywelyn imprisoned him, and he was not released until 1234. On his release he was given part of Ll to rule. His performance this time was apparently more satisfactory and by 1238 he had been given the remainder of Ll and a substantial part of Powys.[57]
Death and the transfer of power
Joan died in 1237 and Llywelyn appears to have suffered a paralytic stroke the same year.[58] From this time on, his heir Dafydd took an increasing part in the rule of the principality. Dafydd deprived his brother Gruffydd of the lands given him by Llywelyn, and later seized him and his eldest son Owain and held them in Criccieth Castle . In 1240 the chronicler of Brut y Tywysogion records:
" ... the lord Llywelyn ap Iorwerth son of Owain Gwynedd, Prince of Wales, a second Achilles , died having taken on the habit of religion at Aberconwy, and was buried honourably.[59] "
Llywelyn died at the Cistercian abbey of Aberconwy , which he had founded, and was buried there. This abbey was later moved to Maenan near Llanrwst , and Llywelyn's stone coffin can now be seen in Llanrwst parish church. Among the poets who lamented his passing was Einion Wan:
"True lord of the land - how strange that today
He rules not o'er Gwynedd;
Lord of nought but the piled up stones of his tomb,
Of the seven-foot grave in which he lies."[60]
Dafydd succeeded Llywelyn as prince of Gwynedd, but King Henry was not prepared to allow him to inherit his father's position in the remainder of Wales. Dafydd was forced to agree to a treaty greatly restricting his power and was also obliged to hand his brother Gruffydd over to the king, who now had the option of using him against Dafydd. Gruffydd was killed attempting to escape from the Tower of London in 1244. This left the field clear for Dafydd, but Dafydd himself died without an heir in 1246 and was eventually succeeded by his nephew, Gruffydd's son, Llywelyn the Last ...
Children
The identity of the mother of some of Llywelyn's children is uncertain. He was survived by nine children, two legitimate, one probably legitimate and six illegitimate. Elen ferch Llywelyn (c.1207-1253), his only certainly legitimate daughter, first married John de Scotia, Earl of Chester. This marriage was childless, and after John's death Elen married Sir Robert de Quincy , the brother of Roger de Quincy, Earl of Winchester . Llywelyn's only legitimate son, Dafydd ap Llywelyn (c.1208-1246), married Isabella de Braose, daughter of William de Braose, 10th Baron Abergavenny , Lord of Abergavenny. William was the son of Reginald de Braose , who married another of Llywelyn's daughters. Dafydd and Isabella may have had one child together, Helen of Wales (1246-1295), but the marriage failed to produce a male heir.
Another daughter, Gwladus Ddu (c.1206-1251), was probably legitimate. Adam of Usk states that she was a legitimate daughter by Joan, although some sources claim that her mother was Llywelyn's mistress, Tangwystl Goch.[64] She first married Reginald de Braose of Brecon and Abergavenny, but had no children by him. After Reginald's death she married Ralph de Mortimer of Wigmore and had several sons.
The mother of most of Llywelyn's illegitimate children is known or assumed to have been Llywelyn's mistress, Tangwystl Goch (c.1168-1198). Gruffydd ap Llywelyn (c.1196-1244) was Llywelyn's eldest son and is known to be the son of Tangwystl. He married Senena, daughter of Caradoc ap Thomas of Anglesey . Their four sons included Llywelyn ap Gruffydd , who for a period occupied a position in Wales comparable to that of his grandfather, and Dafydd ap Gruffydd who ruled Gwynedd briefly after his brother's death. Llywelyn had another son, Tegwared ap Llywelyn, by a woman known only as Crysten.
Marared ferch Llywelyn (c.1198-after 1263) married John de Braose of Gower, a nephew of Reginald de Braose, and after his death married Walter Clifford of Bronllys and Clifford. Other illegitimate daughters were Gwenllian ferch Llywelyn, who married William de Lacey, and Angharad ferch Llywelyn, who married Maelgwn Fychan. Susanna ferch Llywelyn was sent to England as a hostage in 1228, but no further details are known...
References
[edit ] Primary sources
[edit ] Secondary sources
Research Notes: Wife - Tangwystl verch Llywarch
Possibly the mother of Gwladys Ddu.
From Collections Historical & Archaeological Relating to Montgomeryshire, and its Borders, Vol. XIII, Issued by the Powys-Land Club for the Use of Its Members, London, 1880, p. 121:
"Tangwistell, dau. to Lowarch goch, a nobleman of Denbighshire, concubine to Llerwelyn. (Vert, a stag statant ar.)
Husband Llywelyn the Great Prince of Gwynedd
AKA: Llewellyn the Great Prince of Gwynedd, Llywelyn Fawr Prince of Gwynedd, Llywelyn I of Wales, Llywelyn ap Iorwerth
Born: Abt 1173 - <Dolwyddelan, Conwy>, Wales
Christened:
Died: 11 Apr 1240 - Cistercian Abbey of Aberconwy, Wales
Buried: - Llanrwst Parish Church, Wales
Father: Iorwerth Drwyndwn ap Owain Gwynedd Prince of North Wales ( -Abt 1174)
Mother: Marared ferch Madog ap Maredudd ( - )
Marriage:
Other Spouse: Joan Princess of Gwynedd (Bef 1200-Between 1236/1237) 4 5 6 - 1205
Other Spouse: Tangwystl verch Llywarch (Abt 1168- ) 7 8 9
Other Spouse: Crysten ( - )
Wife Gwenllian verch Ednyfed Vychan
Born:
Christened:
Died:
Buried:
Father: Ednyfed Fychan ap Cynwrig Lord of Brynffenigl and Krigeth (Abt 1170-1246) 12
Mother: Tangwystyl verch Llywarch ap Bran ( - )
Children
Research Notes: Husband - Llywelyn the Great Prince of Gwynedd
Source: A History of Wales by John Davies, London, 2007, p.80
From Wikipedia - Llywelyn the Great :
Llywelyn the Great (Welsh Llywelyn Fawr...), full name Llywelyn ab Iorwerth, (c. 1173 - April 11 , 1240 ) was a Prince of Gwynedd in North Wales and eventually de facto ruler over most of Wales. He is occasionally called Llywelyn I of Wales.[1] By a combination of war and diplomacy he dominated Wales for forty years, and was one of only two Welsh rulers to be called 'the Great'. Llywelyn's main home and court throughout his reign was at Garth Celyn on the north coast of Gwynedd, between Bangor and Conwy, overlooking the port of Llanfaes. Throughout the thirteenth century, up to the Edwardian conquest, Garth Celyn, Aber Garth Celyn , was in effect the capital of Wales. (Garth Celyn is now known as Pen y Bryn , Bryn Llywelyn, Abergwyngregyn and parts of the medieval buildings still remain).
During Llywelyn's boyhood Gwynedd was ruled by two of his uncles, who had agreed to split the kingdom between them following the death of Llywelyn's grandfather, Owain Gwynedd , in 1170. Llywelyn had a strong claim to be the legitimate ruler and began a campaign to win power at an early age. He was sole ruler of Gwynedd by 1200, and made a treaty with King John of England the same year. Llywelyn's relations with John remained good for the next ten years. He married John's illegitimate daughter Joan , also known as Joanna, in 1205, and when John arrested Gwenwynwyn ab Owain of Powys in 1208 Llywelyn took the opportunity to annex southern Powys. In 1210 relations deteriorated and John invaded Gwynedd in 1211. Llywelyn was forced to seek terms and to give up all his lands east of the River Conwy, but was able to recover these lands the following year in alliance with the other Welsh princes. He allied himself with the barons who forced John to sign Magna Carta in 1215. By 1216 he was the dominant power in Wales, holding a council at Aberdyfi that year to apportion lands to the other princes.
Following King John's death, Llywelyn concluded the Treaty of Worcester with his successor Henry III in 1218. During the next fifteen years Llywelyn was frequently involved in fighting with Marcher lords and sometimes with the king, but also made alliances with several of the major powers in the Marches. The Peace of Middle in 1234 marked the end of Llywelyn's military career as the agreed truce of two years was extended year by year for the remainder of his reign. He maintained his position in Wales until his death in 1240, and was succeeded by his son Dafydd ap Llywelyn .
Genealogy and early life
Llywelyn was born about 1173, the son of Iorwerth ap Owain and the grandson of Owain Gwynedd , who had been ruler of Gwynedd until his death in 1170. Llywelyn was a descendant of the senior line of Rhodri Mawr and therefore a member of the princely house of Aberffraw.[2] He was probably born at Dolwyddelan though he could not have been born in the present Dolwyddelan castle, which was built by Llywelyn himself. He may have been born in the old castle which occupied a rocky knoll on the valley floor.[3] Little is known about his father, Iorwerth Drwyndwn, who may have died when Llywelyn was an infant. There is no record of Iorwerth having taken part in the power struggle between some of Owain Gwynedd's other sons following Owain's death, although he was the eldest surviving son. There is a tradition that he was disabled or disfigured in some way that excluded him from power.[4]
By 1175 Gwynedd had been divided between two of Llywelyn's uncles. Dafydd ab Owain held the area east of the River Conwy and Rhodri ab Owain held the west. Dafydd and Rhodri were the sons of Owain by his second marriage to Cristin ferch Goronwy. This marriage was not considered valid by the church as Cristin was Owain's first cousin, a degree of relationship which according to Canon law prohibited marriage. Giraldus Cambrensis refers to Iorwerth Drwyndwn as the only legitimate son of Owain Gwynedd.[5] Following Iorwerth's death, Llywelyn was, at least in the eyes of the church, the legitimate claimant to the throne of Gwynedd.[6]
Llywelyn's mother was Marared, sometimes anglicized to Margaret, daughter of Madog ap Maredudd , prince of Powys . There is evidence that after Iorwerth's death Marared married into the Corbet family of Caux in Shropshire , and Llywelyn may have spent part of his boyhood there.[7]...
Marital problems 1230
Following his capture, William de Braose, 10th Baron Abergavenny decided to ally himself to Llywelyn, and a marriage was arranged between his daughter Isabella and Llywelyn's heir, Dafydd ap Llywelyn. At Easter 1230 William visited Llywelyn's court Garth Celyn , Aber Garth Celyn now known as Pen y Bryn , Abergwyngregyn . During this visit he was found in Llywelyn's chamber together with Llywelyn's wife Joan. On 2 May , De Braose was hanged in the marshland under Garth Celyn , the place now remembered as Gwern y Grog, Hanging Marsh, a deliberately humiliating execution for a nobleman, and Joan was placed under house arrest for a year. The Brut y Tywysogion chronicler commented:
" ... that year William de Breos the Younger, lord of Brycheiniog, was hanged by the lord Llywelyn in Gwynedd, after he had been caught in Llywelyn's chamber with the king of England's daughter, Llywelyn's wife.[42] " A letter from Llywelyn to William's wife, Eva de Braose, written shortly after the execution enquires whether she still wishes the marriage between Dafydd and Isabella to take place.[43] The marriage did go ahead, and the following year Joan was forgiven and restored to her position as princess.
Until 1230 Llywelyn had used the title princeps Norwalliĉ 'Prince of North Wales', but from that year he changed his title to 'Prince of Aberffraw and Lord of Snowdon', possibly to underline his supremacy over the other Welsh princes.[44] He did not formally style himself 'Prince of Wales ' although as J.E. Lloyd comments "he had much of the power which such a title might imply".[45]...
Arrangements for the succession
In his later years Llywelyn devoted much effort to ensuring that his only legitimate son Dafydd would follow him as ruler of Gwynedd. Dafydd's older but illegitimate brother, Gruffydd , was excluded from the succession. This was a departure from Welsh custom, not as is often stated because the kingdom was not divided between Dafydd and Gruffydd but because Gruffydd was excluded from consideration as a potential heir owing to his illegitimacy. This was contrary to Welsh law which stipulated that illegitimate sons had equal rights with legitimate sons, provided they had been acknowledged by the father.[50]
In 1220 Llywelyn induced the minority government of King Henry to acknowledge Dafydd as his heir.[51] In 1222 he petitioned Pope Honorius III to have Dafydd's succession confirmed. The original petition has not been preserved but the Pope's reply refers to the "destestable custom ... in his land whereby the son of the handmaiden was equally heir with the son of the free woman and illegitimate sons obtained an inheritance as if they were legitimate". The Pope welcomed the fact that Llywelyn was abolishing this custom.[52] In 1226 Llywelyn persuaded the Pope to declare his wife Joan, Dafydd's mother, to be a legitimate daughter of King John, again in order to strengthen Dafydd's position, and in 1229 the English crown accepted Dafydd's homage for the lands he would inherit from his father.[53] In 1238 Llywelyn held a council at Strata Florida Abbey where the other Welsh princes swore fealty to Dafydd.[54] Llywelyn's original intention had been that they should do homage to Dafydd, but the king wrote to the other rulers forbidding them to do homage.[55]
Gruffydd was given an appanage in Meirionnydd and Ardudwy but his rule was said to be oppressive, and in 1221 Llywelyn stripped him of these territories.[56] In 1228 Llywelyn imprisoned him, and he was not released until 1234. On his release he was given part of Ll to rule. His performance this time was apparently more satisfactory and by 1238 he had been given the remainder of Ll and a substantial part of Powys.[57]
Death and the transfer of power
Joan died in 1237 and Llywelyn appears to have suffered a paralytic stroke the same year.[58] From this time on, his heir Dafydd took an increasing part in the rule of the principality. Dafydd deprived his brother Gruffydd of the lands given him by Llywelyn, and later seized him and his eldest son Owain and held them in Criccieth Castle . In 1240 the chronicler of Brut y Tywysogion records:
" ... the lord Llywelyn ap Iorwerth son of Owain Gwynedd, Prince of Wales, a second Achilles , died having taken on the habit of religion at Aberconwy, and was buried honourably.[59] "
Llywelyn died at the Cistercian abbey of Aberconwy , which he had founded, and was buried there. This abbey was later moved to Maenan near Llanrwst , and Llywelyn's stone coffin can now be seen in Llanrwst parish church. Among the poets who lamented his passing was Einion Wan:
"True lord of the land - how strange that today
He rules not o'er Gwynedd;
Lord of nought but the piled up stones of his tomb,
Of the seven-foot grave in which he lies."[60]
Dafydd succeeded Llywelyn as prince of Gwynedd, but King Henry was not prepared to allow him to inherit his father's position in the remainder of Wales. Dafydd was forced to agree to a treaty greatly restricting his power and was also obliged to hand his brother Gruffydd over to the king, who now had the option of using him against Dafydd. Gruffydd was killed attempting to escape from the Tower of London in 1244. This left the field clear for Dafydd, but Dafydd himself died without an heir in 1246 and was eventually succeeded by his nephew, Gruffydd's son, Llywelyn the Last ...
Children
The identity of the mother of some of Llywelyn's children is uncertain. He was survived by nine children, two legitimate, one probably legitimate and six illegitimate. Elen ferch Llywelyn (c.1207-1253), his only certainly legitimate daughter, first married John de Scotia, Earl of Chester. This marriage was childless, and after John's death Elen married Sir Robert de Quincy , the brother of Roger de Quincy, Earl of Winchester . Llywelyn's only legitimate son, Dafydd ap Llywelyn (c.1208-1246), married Isabella de Braose, daughter of William de Braose, 10th Baron Abergavenny , Lord of Abergavenny. William was the son of Reginald de Braose , who married another of Llywelyn's daughters. Dafydd and Isabella may have had one child together, Helen of Wales (1246-1295), but the marriage failed to produce a male heir.
Another daughter, Gwladus Ddu (c.1206-1251), was probably legitimate. Adam of Usk states that she was a legitimate daughter by Joan, although some sources claim that her mother was Llywelyn's mistress, Tangwystl Goch.[64] She first married Reginald de Braose of Brecon and Abergavenny, but had no children by him. After Reginald's death she married Ralph de Mortimer of Wigmore and had several sons.
The mother of most of Llywelyn's illegitimate children is known or assumed to have been Llywelyn's mistress, Tangwystl Goch (c.1168-1198). Gruffydd ap Llywelyn (c.1196-1244) was Llywelyn's eldest son and is known to be the son of Tangwystl. He married Senena, daughter of Caradoc ap Thomas of Anglesey . Their four sons included Llywelyn ap Gruffydd , who for a period occupied a position in Wales comparable to that of his grandfather, and Dafydd ap Gruffydd who ruled Gwynedd briefly after his brother's death. Llywelyn had another son, Tegwared ap Llywelyn, by a woman known only as Crysten.
Marared ferch Llywelyn (c.1198-after 1263) married John de Braose of Gower, a nephew of Reginald de Braose, and after his death married Walter Clifford of Bronllys and Clifford. Other illegitimate daughters were Gwenllian ferch Llywelyn, who married William de Lacey, and Angharad ferch Llywelyn, who married Maelgwn Fychan. Susanna ferch Llywelyn was sent to England as a hostage in 1228, but no further details are known...
References
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[edit ] Secondary sources
Research Notes: Wife - Gwenllian verch Ednyfed Vychan
Husband Darwin E. Pearson
Born:
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Died: 27 Jun 1979
Buried:
Father: Oscar Edward Pearson (Abt 1888- ) 13
Mother: Marie Baird Johnson (1896-Bef 1970) 13
Marriage:
Wife Lois (details suppressed for this person)
Born:
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Husband Lothair I King of the Franks
Born: Abt 497
Christened:
Died: 562
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Research Notes: Husband - Lothair I King of the Franks
King in the Merovingian Dynasty
Husband Lothair II King of Lorraine 14 15
AKA: Lothaire II King of Lorraine
Born: 827 - <(Lorraine, France)>
Christened:
Died: 8 Aug 869 - Plaisance [Piacenza], (Piacenza, Italy)
Buried:
Father: Lothair I Holy Roman Emperor (0795-0855) 15 16 17 18
Mother: Ermengarde of Tours (Abt 0805-0851) 15 19
Marriage: 862
Wife Waldrade 15 20
Born: Abt 837 - <(Lorraine, France)>
Christened:
Died: Abt 868 - Remiremont, (Vosges), Lorraine, France
Buried:
Children
1 F Bertha Princess of Lorraine 15
Born: Abt 871 - <(Lorraine, France)>
Christened:
Died: 8 Mar 925
Buried:
Spouse: Adalbert Marquis of Tuscany (Abt 0855-Abt 0915) 15
Marr: 898
Birth Notes: Husband - Lothair II King of Lorraine
Death Notes: Husband - Lothair II King of Lorraine
Research Notes: Husband - Lothair II King of Lorraine
KING OF LORRAINE. WALDRADE WAS HIS SECOND WIFE.
Research Notes: Wife - Waldrade
DIED AS A NUN IN REMIREMONT CIRCA 868
Husband Louis Count of Mousson 9
Born: Abt 978 - <Mousson, Alsace>, France
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1 M Louis Count of Montbéliard 9 21
Born: Abt 1004 - <Mousson, (Meurthe-et-Moselle), Alsace, Middle Francia>, (France)
Christened:
Died: 1073
Buried:
Spouse: Sophie Comtesse de Bar (Abt 1004-1093) 9 21 22
Husband Louis Count of Montbéliard 9 21
Born: Abt 1004 - <Mousson, (Meurthe-et-Moselle), Alsace, Middle Francia>, (France)
Christened:
Died: 1073
Buried:
Father: Louis Count of Mousson (Abt 0978- ) 9
Mother:
Marriage:
Wife Sophie Comtesse de Bar 9 21 22
AKA: Sophia Countess of Bar-le-Duc, Sophie of Bar
Born: Abt 1004 - France
Christened:
Died: <Jan or Jun> 1093
Buried:
Father: Frederic II Duc de la Haute Lorraine, Comte de Bar (Abt 0995-1026) 9 23
Mother: Mathilde of Swabia (Abt 0995-1031) 9 23
Children
1 M Thierry I Count of Montbéliard & Bar-le-Duc 9 24
AKA: Dietrich I Count of Montbéliard & Bar-le-Duc
Born: Abt 1045 - <Bar-le-Duc, Bar, (Meuse)>, France
Christened:
Died: 2 Jan 1105
Buried:
Spouse: Ermentrude of Burgundy (Abt 1060-After 1105) 9 25
Marr: 1076
Birth Notes: Wife - Sophie Comtesse de Bar
Death Notes: Wife - Sophie Comtesse de Bar
Research Notes: Wife - Sophie Comtesse de Bar
Sophie of Bar (c. 1004 or 1018 - January 21 or June 21, 1093) was a daughter of Frederick II, Duke of Upper Lorraine (died 1026/1027) and Mathilda of Swabia. After her father died, she and her sister Beatrice went to live with their mother's sister, Empress Gisela[1]
She was Countess of Bar between 1033 and 1092, in succession of her childless brother, Duke Frederick III of Upper Lotharingia (died 1033). Her sister Beatrix (died 1076) married Boniface, margrave of Tuscany, and remarried after his death with Godfrey III, Duke of Lower Lotharingia.
She married Count Louis of Montbéliard (1019-1071 or 1073). Their son Count Thierry II of Bar-Montbéliard (1045-1105) succeeded to the county of Bar.
Their other children were:
Bruno
Louis, cited in 1080
Frederick (died 1092), marquis of Suze
Sophie, married to Folmar, count of Froburg
Beatrice (died 1092), married to Berthold I of Zähringen (died 1078), duke of Carinthia
Mathilde, married to Hugh of Dagsburg (died 1089)
Husband Louis Seigneur de Bournonville 26
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Wife Silvie 26
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1 F Alix de Bournonville 26
Born:
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Spouse: Conan Seigneur and Baron de Fiennes ( -After 1112) 26
Sources