Henry of Grosmont, 1st Duke of Lancaster and Isabel de Beaumont
Husband Henry of Grosmont, 1st Duke of Lancaster 1
AKA: Henry of Grosmont 1st Duke of Lancaster Born: Abt 1310 Christened: Died: 23 Mar 1361 Buried:
Father: Henry 3rd Earl of Lancaster, Earl of Leicester (Abt 1281-1345) 2 3 Mother: Maud de Chaworth Countess of Lancaster & Countess of Leicester (1282-Bef 1322) 4 5 6
Marriage: 1337 7
Wife Isabel de Beaumont 7
Born: Abt 1320 Christened: Died: 1361 Buried:
Father: Henry Beaumont 4th Earl of Buchan (Abt 1288-1340) Mother: Alice Comyn (1289-1349) 7
Children
Research Notes: Husband - Henry of Grosmont, 1st Duke of Lancaster
From Wikipedia - Alice Comyn :
Isabel de Beaumont (c.1320- 1361), married in 1337 Henry of Grosmont, 1st Duke of Lancaster , by whom she had two daughters, Maud, Countess of Leicester and Blanche of Lancaster .
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From Wikipedia - Henry of Grosmont, 1st Duke of Lancaster :
Henry of Grosmont, Duke of Lancaster[a] (c.1310 - 23 March 1361), also Earl of Derby and Leicester, was a member of the English nobility in the 14th century, and a prominent English diplomat , politician , and soldier . The son and heir of Henry Plantagenet, 3rd Earl of Lancaster and Maud Chaworth , he became one of Edward III 's most trusted Captains in the early phases of the Hundred Years' War , and distinguished himself with victory in the Battle of Auberoche . He was a founding member of the Order of the Garter , and in 1351 was promoted to the title of duke. Grosmont was also the author of the book Livre de seyntz medicines; a highly personal devotional treatise. He is remembered as one of the founders and early patrons of Corpus Christi College, Cambridge , which was established by two of the guilds of the town in 1352.
Family background and early life
Grosmont's uncle, Thomas of Lancaster , was the son and heir of Edward I 's brother Edmund Crouchback . Through his inheritance and a fortunate marriage, Thomas became the wealthiest peer in England, but constant quarrels with King Edward II led to his execution in 1322.[1] Having no heir, Thomas's possessions and titles went to his younger brother Henry - Grosmont's father. Earl Henry of Lancaster assented to the deposition of Edward II in 1327, but did not long stay in favour with the regency of Queen Isabella and Roger Mortimer . When Edward III took personal control of the government in 1330, relations with the Crown got better, but by this time the older Henry was already struggling with poor health and blindness.[2]
Little is known of Grosmont's early years, but it seems clear that he was born at the castle of Grosmont in Monmouthshire , and that he was born c.1310, not around the turn of the century as previously held.[3] According to his own memoirs he was better at the martial arts than at academic subjects, and did not learn to read until later in life.[4] In 1330 he was knighted, and represented his father in parliament . The next year he is recorded as participating in a Royal tournament , at Cheapside .[3]
In 1333 he took part in Edward's Scottish campaign, though it is unclear whether he was present at the great English victory at the Battle of Halidon Hill .[5] After further service in the north , he was appointed the King's lieutenant in Scotland in 1336.[3] The next year he was one of the six men Edward III promoted to the higher levels of the peerage. One of his father's lesser titles, that of Earl of Derby , was bestowed upon Grosmont.[6]
Service in France
With the outbreak of the Hundred Years' War in 1337, Grosmont's attention was turned towards France . He took part in several diplomatic missions and minor campaigns, and was present at the great English victory in the naval battle of Sluys in 1340.[7] Later the same year, he was required to commit himself as hostage in the Low Countries for the king's considerable debts. He remained hostage until the next year, and had to pay a large ransom for his own release.[8] On his return he was made the king's lieutenant in the north, and stayed at Roxburgh until 1342. The next years he spent in diplomatic negotiations in the Low Countries, Castile and Avignon .[3]
In 1345 Edward III was planning a major assault on France. A three-pronged attack would have the Earl of Northampton attacking from Brittany , the King himself from Flanders , while Grosmont was dispatched to Aquitaine to prepare a campaign in the south.[3] Moving rapidly through the country he confronted the comte d'Isle at Auberoche on 21 October , and here achieved a victory described as 'the greatest single achievement of Lancaster's entire military career'.[9] The ransom from the prisoners has been estimated at £50,000.[10] The next year, while Edward was carrying out his Crécy campaign, Grosmont laid siege to, and captured, Poitiers , before returning home to England in 1347.[3]
Duke of Lancaster
In 1345, while Grosmont was in France, his father died. The younger Henry was now Earl of Lancaster - the wealthiest and most powerful peer of the realm. After participating in the siege of Calais in 1347, the king honoured Lancaster by including him as a founding knight of the Order of the Garter in 1348.[11] A few years later, in 1351, Edward bestowed an even greater honour on Lancaster, when he created him Duke of Lancaster . The title of duke was of relatively new origin in England; only one other ducal title existed prior.[b] In addition to this, Lancaster was given palatinate status for the county of Lancashire , which entailed a separate administration independent of the crown.[12] This grant was quite exceptional in English history; only two other counties palatine existed: Durham , which was an ancient ecclesiastical palatinate, and Chester , which was crown property. It is a sign of Edward's high regard for Lancaster that he would bestow such extensive privileges on him. The two men were also second cousins, through their great-grandfather Henry III , and practically coeval (Edward was born in 1312), so it is natural to assume that a strong sense of camaraderie existed between them. Another factor that might have influenced the king's decision was the fact that Henry had no male heir, so the grant was made for the Earl's lifetime only, and not intended to be hereditary.[3]
Further prestige
Lancaster spent the 1350s intermittently campaigning and negotiating peace treaties with the French. In 1350 he was present at the naval victory at Winchelsea , where he allegedly saved the lives of the Black Prince and John of Gaunt .[13] The years 1351-2 he spent on crusade in Prussia . It was here that a quarrel with Otto, Duke of Brunswick , almost led to a duel between the two men, narrowly averted by the intervention of the French King, Jean II .[14] In the later half of the decade campaigning in France resumed. After a chevauchée in Normandy in 1356 and the siege of Rennes in 1358, Lancaster participated in the last great offensive of the first phase of the Hundred Years' War: the Rheims campaign of 1359-60. Then he was appointed principal negotiator for the treaty of Brétigny , where the English achieved very favourable terms.[3]
Returning to England in November 1360 he fell ill early the next year, and died at Leicester Castle on 23 March . It is likely that the cause of death was the plague , which that year was making a second visitation of England.[15]
Private life
Lancaster was married to Isabella, daughter of Henry, Lord Beaumont , in 1330. The two had no sons, but two daughters: Maude and Blanche . While Maude was married to the Duke of Bavaria , Blanche married Edward III's younger son, John of Gaunt . Gaunt ended up inheriting Lancaster's possessions and ducal title, but it was not until 1377, when the dying King Edward III was largely incapacitated, that he was able to restore the palatinate rights for the county of Lancaster. When Gaunt's son Henry of Bolingbroke usurped the crown in 1399 and became Henry IV, the vast Lancaster inheritance was merged with the crown as the Duchy of Lancaster .[16]
We know more of Lancaster's character than of most of his contemporaries, through his memoirs the Livre de seyntz medicines (Book of the Holy Doctors). This book is a highly personal treatise on matters of religion and piety, but it also contains details of historical interest. It is, among other things, revealed that Lancaster, at the age of 44 when he wrote the book in 1354, suffered from gout .[3] The book is primarily a devotional work though; it is organized around seven wounds which Henry claims to have, representing the seven sins. Lancaster confesses to his sins, explains various real and mythical medical remedies in terms of their theological symbolism, and exhorts the reader to greater morality.[17]
Research Notes: Wife - Isabel de Beaumont
10th child of Henry Beaumont and Alice Comyn.
Henry V Holy Roman Emperor and Empress Matilda Countess of Anjou
Husband Henry V Holy Roman Emperor
Born: 8 Jan 1086 Christened: Died: 23 May 1125 Buried:
Father: Henry IV Holy Roman Emperor (1050-1106) 8 9 Mother: Bertha of Savoy (1051-1087) 10 11
Marriage: 7 Jan 1114 - Worms, (Rhine-Palatinate, Germany)
Wife Empress Matilda Countess of Anjou 12 13
AKA: Mathilda of England, Empress Maud Countess of Anjou, Maude of England Born: Abt 7 Feb 1102 Christened: Died: 10 Sep 1167 Buried:
Father: Henry I "Beauclerc" King of England (Between 1068/1069-1135) 14 15 Mother: Matilda of Scotland (1079-1118)
Other Spouse: Geoffrey V Plantagenet Count of Anjou, Duke of Normandy (1113-1151) 16 17 18 - 22 May 1128 - Le Mans, (Sarthe), Maine, (France)
Children
Research Notes: Husband - Henry V Holy Roman Emperor
Source: Wikipedia - Bertha of Savoy
Birth Notes: Wife - Empress Matilda Countess of Anjou
Ancestral Roots Line 1-23 has b. abt. 1102-1104; Line 118-25 has b. 1104.
Some other source has b. Feb 1101
Research Notes: Wife - Empress Matilda Countess of Anjou
From Wikipedia - Empress Matilda :
Empress Matilda, also known as Matilda of England or Maude (c. 7 February 1102 - 10 September 1167) was the daughter and heir of King Henry I of England . Matilda and her younger brother, William Adelin , were the only legitimate children of King Henry. Her brother died young in the White ship disaster , leaving Matilda as the last heir from the paternal line of her grandfather William the Conqueror .
As a child, Matilda was betrothed and later married to Henry V, Holy Roman Emperor . From her marriage to Henry, she acquired the title Empress. The couple had no known children. When widowed, she was married to the much younger Geoffrey of Anjou , by whom she became the mother of three sons, the eldest of whom became King Henry II of England .
Matilda was the first female ruler of the Kingdom of England . However the length of her effective rule was quite brief - a few months in 1141 - and she was never crowned and failed to consolidate her rule (legally and politically). Because of this she is normally excluded from lists of English monarchs, and her rival (and cousin) Stephen of Blois is routinely listed as monarch for the period 1135-1154. Their warring rivalry for the throne led to years of unrest and civil war in England that have been called The Anarchy . She did secure her inheritance of the Duchy of Normandy - through the military feats of her husband Geoffrey - and she campaigned unstintingly for her oldest son's inheritance, living to see him ascend the throne in 1154.
(In Latin texts Matilda was sometimes called Maude . This is a modernised spelling of the Norman-French form of her name, Mahaut.)
Early life
Matilda was the firstborn of two children to Henry I of England and his wife Matilda of Scotland (also known as Edith). Her maternal grandparents were Malcolm III of Scotland and Saint Margaret of Scotland . Margaret was daughter of Edward the Exile and granddaughter of Edmund II of England . (Most historians believe Matilda was born at Winchester , but one, John Fletcher (1990), argues for the possibility of the royal palace at Sutton Courtenay in Oxfordshire .)
First marriage: Holy Roman Empress
When she was seven years old, Matilda was betrothed to Henry V, Holy Roman Emperor ; at nine, she was sent to the Holy Roman Empire (Germany) to begin training for the life of Empress consort . The royal couple were married at Worms on January 7, 1114, and Matilda accompanied her husband on tours to Rome and Tuscany . After time, the young wife of the Emperor acted as regent , mainly in Italy, in his absence[1]. Emperor Henry died in 1125. The imperial couple had no surviving offspring, but Herman of Tournai states that Matilda bore a son who lived only a short while.
Despite being popularly known by the title "Empress " from her first marriage, Matilda's right to the title was dubious. She was never crowned Holy Roman Empress by a legitimate Pope - which ceremony was normally required to achieve the title; indeed, in later years she encouraged chroniclers to believe she had been crowned by the Pope. Contemporary, she was called German Queen by her husband's bishops, while her formal title was recorded as "Queen of the Romans". Still, "Empress" was arguably an appropriate courtesy title for the wife of an Emperor who had been crowned by the Pope.
In 1120 her brother William Adelin was drowned in the disastrous wreck of the White Ship , which left Matilda as the only legitimate child of her father King Henry . Like Matilda, her cousin Stephen of Blois was a grandchild of William (the Conqueror) of Normandy ; but her paternal line made her senior in right of succession to his maternal line.
Second marriage: Countess of Anjou
Matilda returned to England a young widow, age 23, and dowager "Empress" - a status of considerable pride to her. There Henry named her his heir to both the English throne and his Duchy of Normandy . Henry saw to it that the Anglo-Norman barons (including Stephen of Blois ) were sworn (several times) to accept Matilda as ruler if Henry died without a male heir.
Henry then arranged a second marriage for Matilda; as he aimed to achieve peace between the fractious barons of Normandy and Anjou. On 17 June 1128, Matilda, aged 26, was married to Geoffrey of Anjou , aged 15, who also was Count of Maine and heir apparent to (his father) the Count of Anjou - which title he soon acquired, and by which Matilda became Countess of Anjou. It was a title she rarely used. Geoffrey called himself "Plantagenet " from the broom flower (planta genista) he adopted as his personal emblem. So Plantagenet became the dynastic name of that powerful line of English kings who descended from Matilda and Geoffrey.
Matilda's marriage with Geoffrey was troubled; there were frequent long separations, but they had three sons and she survived him. The eldest son, Henry , was born on 5 March 1133. In 1134, she nearly died in childbirth, following the birth of her second son, Geoffrey, Count of Nantes . A third son, William X, Count of Poitou , was born in 1136.
When her father died in Normandy, on 1 December 1135, Matilda was with her husband, in Anjou ; and, crucially, too far away from events rapidly unfolding in England and Normandy. Stephen of Blois rushed to England upon learning of Henry's death; in London he moved quickly to grasp the crown of England from its appointed heir.
But Matilda was game to contest Stephen in both realms; she and her husband Geoffrey entered Normandy and began military campaigns to claim her inheritance. Progress was uneven at first, but she persevered; even so, it was not until 1139 that Matilda felt secure enough in Normandy to turn her attentions to invading England and fighting Stephen directly.
In Normandy, Geoffrey secured all fiefdoms west and south of the Seine by 1143; in January 1144, he crossed the Seine and took Rouen without resistance. He assumed the title Duke of Normandy , and Matilda became Duchess of Normandy. Geoffrey and Matilda held the duchy conjointly until 1149, then ceded it to their son, Henry, which event was soon ratified by King Louis VII of France .
Struggle for throne of England
On the death of her father, Henry I, in 1135, Matilda expected to succeed to the throne of England , but her cousin, Stephen of Blois , a nephew of Henry I, usurped the throne with the support of most of the barons, breaking the oath he had previously made to defend her rights. The civil war which followed was bitter and prolonged, with neither side gaining the ascendancy for long, but it was not until 1139 that Matilda could command the military strength necessary to challenge Stephen within his own realm. Stephen's wife, the Countess of Boulogne who was also named Matilda , was the Empress's maternal cousin. During the war, Matilda's most loyal and capable supporter was her illegitimate half-brother, Robert, 1st Earl of Gloucester .
Matilda's greatest triumph came in April 1141, when her forces defeated and captured King Stephen at the Battle of Lincoln . He was made a prisoner and effectively deposed.
Her advantage lasted only a few months. When she marched on London , the city was ready to welcome her and support her coronation . She used the title of Lady of the English and planned to assume the title of queen upon coronation (the custom which was followed by her grandsons, Richard and John ).[2] However, she refused the citizens' request to have their taxes halved and, because of her own arrogance [2], she found the gates of London shut and the civil war reignited on 24 June 1141. By November, Stephen was free, having been exchanged for the captured Robert of Gloucester, and a year later, the tables were turned when Matilda was besieged at Oxford but escaped to Wallingford , supposedly by fleeing across the snow-covered land in a white cape. In 1141 she had escaped Devizes in a similarly clever manner, by disguising herself as a corpse and being carried out for burial. In 1148, Matilda and Henry returned to Normandy , following the death of Robert of Gloucester, and the reconquest of that county by her husband. Upon their arrival, Geoffrey turned Normandy over to his son, and retired to his own county of Anjou .
Later life
Matilda's first son, Henry , was showing signs of becoming a successful leader. Although the civil war had been decided in Stephen's favour, his reign was troubled. In 1153, the death of his son Eustace, combined with the arrival of a military expedition led by Henry, led him to acknowledge the latter as his heir by the Treaty of Wallingford .
Matilda retired to Rouen in Normandy during her last years, where she maintained her own court and presided over the government of the duchy in the absence of Henry. She intervened in the quarrels between her eldest son Henry and her second son Geoffrey, but peace between the brothers was brief. Geoffrey rebelled against Henry twice before his sudden death in 1158. Relations between Henry and his youngest brother, William X, Count of Poitou , were more cordial, and William was given vast estates in England. Archbishop Thomas Becket refused to allow William to marry the Countess of Surrey and the young man fled to Matilda's court at Rouen. William, who was his mother's favourite child, died there in January 1164, reportedly of disappointment and sorrow. She attempted to mediate in the quarrel between her son Henry and Becket, but was unsuccessful.
Although she gave up hope of being crowned in 1141, her name always preceded that of her son Henry, even after he became king. Matilda died at Notre Dame du Pré near Rouen and was buried in the Abbey church of Bec-Hellouin, Normandy. Her body was transferred to the Rouen Cathedral in 1847; her epitaph reads: "Great by Birth, Greater by Marriage, Greatest in her Offspring: Here lies Matilda, the daughter, wife, and mother of Henry."
King Henry VIII of England and Mary Boleyn
Husband King Henry VIII of England 19
AKA: King Henry Tudor VIII, King Henry VIII Tudor Born: 28 Jun 1491 - Greenwich, London, Middlesex, England Christened: Died: 28 Jan 1547 - Whitehall, London, Middlesex, England Buried:
Father: King Henry VII of England (1457-1509) 20 Mother: Elizabeth of York (1466-1503) 21
Marriage: - This couple did not marry
Wife Mary Boleyn 22
Born: 1504 - Chilton Forest, Wiltshire, England Christened: Died: 19 Jul 1534 Buried:
Father: Thomas Boleyn 1st Earl of Wiltshire (1477-1539) 23 Mother: Elizabeth Howard (1486-1538) 24
Other Spouse: William Cary Gentleman of the Privy (1492-1528) 25
Children
1 F Mary Catherine Cary 26
Born: 1518 - Chilton, Wiltshire, England Christened: Died: 15 Aug 1568 - East Molesey, Surrey, England Buried:Spouse: Sir Francis Knollys (1514-1596) 26
Private and Private
Husband Private (details suppressed for this person)
Born: Christened: Died: Buried:
Father: Private Mother:
Marriage:
Wife Private (details suppressed for this person)
Born: Christened: Died: Buried:
Father: Private Mother:
Children
1 M Private (details suppressed for this person)
Born: Christened: Died: Buried:
Herbastus de Crépon, Forester of Arques
Husband Herbastus de Crépon, Forester of Arques 27 28
AKA: Herfast de Crépon Born: Abt 911 - Normandy, France Christened: Died: Abt 984 Buried:Marriage:
Wife
Born: Christened: Died: Buried:
Children
1 F Wevia de Crépon 27
AKA: Duceline de Crepon Born: Abt 942 - <Pont-Audemer, (Eure)>, Normandy, France Christened: Died: Buried:Spouse: Touroude de Harcourt (Abt 0940-Abt 1040) 27 29
2 F Senfrie de Crépon 30
AKA: Sainfrie de Crepon Born: Abt 970 - <Normandy>, France Christened: Died: Buried:
Research Notes: Husband - Herbastus de Crépon, Forester of Arques
Source: Ancestral Roots of Certain American Colonists Who Came to America before 1700 by Frederick Lewis Weis and Walter Lee Sheppard, Jr, ed. by William R. Beall & Kaleen E. Beall (Baltimore, 2008), line 121E-20 (Richard I)
Herbastus de Crépon, Forester of Arques
Husband Herbastus de Crépon, Forester of Arques 27 28
AKA: Herfast de Crépon Born: Abt 911 - Normandy, France Christened: Died: Abt 984 Buried:Marriage:
Wife
Born: Christened: Died: Buried:
Children
1 M Herfast de Crepon 27
Born: Abt 975 - France Christened: Died: Buried:
Research Notes: Husband - Herbastus de Crépon, Forester of Arques
Source: Ancestral Roots of Certain American Colonists Who Came to America before 1700 by Frederick Lewis Weis and Walter Lee Sheppard, Jr, ed. by William R. Beall & Kaleen E. Beall (Baltimore, 2008), line 121E-20 (Richard I)
Herbert I of Maine
Husband Herbert I of Maine 31
AKA: Herbert I "Evigilans Canis" of Maine, Herbert I "Wakedog" of Maine Born: Christened: Died: 1036 Buried:
Father: Hugh III of Maine ( - ) 31 Mother:
Marriage:Events
• Count of Maine: 1015-1036.
Wife
Born: Christened: Died: Buried:
Children
1 F Paula 32
Born: Christened: Died: Buried:Spouse: Jean de Beaugency Lord of La Flêche ( - ) 33
Research Notes: Husband - Herbert I of Maine
From Wikipedia - Herbert I of Maine :
Herbert I (died 1036), called Wakedog or Evigilans Canis (Eveille-Chien), was the count of Maine from 1015, the son and successor of Hugh III .
Under the last Carolingian and first Capetian kings of France , royal power declined sharply and many royal rights were amassed by the greater and lesser nobility. Herbert of Maine even struck coins with his own monogram. He purchased the loyalty of his vassals by dolling out his land to them and granting them the right to build castles, which proliferated, as at Sablé , Château-du-Loir , Mayenne , Laval , La Ferté Bernard , Saint Calais , Sillé (after 1050), La Suze , Malicorne , La Milesse , Montfort , and Sourches .
From the beginning of his reign, he was constrained to aid his suzerain, Fulk III of Anjou , in a war against Odo II of Blois , both of whom had designs on the Touraine . In 1016, following an attack on the fortress of Montrichard , Odo met the forces of Fulk at the Battle of Pontlevoy on 6 July . Despite Odo's numerical advantage, by the intervention of Herbert, the battle went to Fulk. One of the consequences of the battle was to create a balance of power in the region, which was followed by peace for several years.
By marrying his son to Bertha of Chartres, daughter of Odo II of Blois , Herbert was able to maintain himself independent of his legal suzerain. He also allied with the count of Rennes , who threatened Fulk from the west. He made enemies with the king, Robert II , and even expelled the bishop of Le Mans , Avesgaud of Bellème , from his diocese. Finally, on 7 March 1025 , he was arrested in Saintes by Fulk, who kept him imprisoned for two years until a coalition forced his release. Herbert then did homage to Fulk.
Herbert left four children:Hugh IV , successor, married Bertha, daughter of Odo of Blois Biota, married Walter III of the Vexin Paula, either wife or mother of John de Beaugency , among whose children was Elias to whom Maine eventually passed Gersenda, married firstly Theobald III of Blois ; divorced in 1048 and married secondly Albert Azzo II, Margrave of Milan
Herbert II Count of Vermandois, Soissons and Troyes and Liegarde of France
Husband Herbert II Count of Vermandois, Soissons and Troyes 34 35 36 37
AKA: Herbert II de Vermandois Born: Between 880 and 890 - Vermandois, (Aisne), Picardy, France Christened: Died: 23 Feb 943 - Saint-Quentin, Vermandois, (Aisne), Picardy, France Buried:
Father: Herbert I Count of Vermandois (Abt 0850-0900/0907) 38 39 40 Mother: Bertha de Morvois (Abt 0844- ) 41
Marriage: by 907
Wife Liegarde of France 42 43
AKA: Adela of France, Hildebrante of France Born: Abt 886 - <Vermandois, (Aisne), Picardy, France> Christened: Died: After 931 Buried:
Father: Robert I Duke of France (0866-0923) 44 Mother: Aelis (Abt 0864- ) 43 45 46
Children
1 M Eudes of Vermandois, Count of Amiens and Vienne
Born: 910 Christened: Died: 946 Buried:
2 F Adele of Vermandois 47 48 49 50
AKA: Alix de Vermandois, Adaele de Vermandois, Alice de Vermandois Born: Between 910 and 915 - Vermandois, (Aisne), Picardy, Neustria, France Christened: Died: 10 Oct 960 - Bruges, (West Flanders), Flanders (Belgium) Buried: - Abbaye de Saint Pierre, Gand (Ghent), Flanders (Belgium)Spouse: Arnulf I Count of Flanders and Artois (Abt 0890-0964/0965) 48 51 52 53 Marr: 934
3 M Robert of Vermandois, Count of Trois and Meaux 36 54 55 56
AKA: Robert de Vermandois Born: Abt 920 - Vermand, Vermandois , (Aisne), Picardy, France Christened: Died: Aug 967 or 968 - Troyes, Champagne, (Aube), France Buried:Spouse: Adélaide de Bourgogne (Abt 0918-0967) 36 57 Marr: by 950
4 M Albert I "the Pious" Count of Vermandois 58 59
AKA: Adalbert I Count of Vermandois, Adelbert I Count of Vermandois, Albert I le Pieux Count of Vermandois Born: Abt 920 - <Vermandois, (Aisne), Picardy, France> Christened: Died: 8 Sep 988 - <Saint-Quentin, Vermandois, (Aisne, Picardy), France> Buried: - Saint-Quentin, Vermandois (Aisne, Picardy), FranceSpouse: Gerberga of Lorraine (Abt 0935-0978) 60 Marr: Bef 954
5 F Luitgarde of Vermandois
Born: Abt 920 Christened: Died: After 978 Buried:Spouse: William I "Longsword" Duke of Normandy (Abt 0892-0942) 61 62 63
6 M Herbert "the Elder" Count of Meaux and of Troyes
Born: Christened: Died: 993 Buried:
7 M Hugh of Vermandois, Archbishop of Reims
Born: Christened: Died: 962 Buried:
Research Notes: Husband - Herbert II Count of Vermandois, Soissons and Troyes
From Wikipedia - Herbert II, Count of Vermandois :
Herbert II (884 - 23 February 943 ), Count of Vermandois and Count of Troyes , was the son of Herbert I of Vermandois .
Life
He inherited the domain of his father and in 907 , added to it the Saint de Soissons abbey . His marriage with Adela of France (also known as Liégarde) brought him the County of Meaux . In 918 , he was also named Count of Mézerais and of the Véxin . With his cousin Bernard , Count of Beauvais and Senlis , he constituted a powerful group in the west of France, to the north and east of Paris . In 923 , he imprisoned King Charles III in Chateau-Thierry , then in Péronne .
In 922 , the Archbishop of Rheims , Seulf , called on Herbert II to reduce some of his vassals who were in rebellion against him. On the death of Seulf, in 925 , with the help of King Rudolph , he acquired for his second son Hugh (then five years old) the archbishopric of Rheims, which had a large inheritance in France and Germany. In 926 , on the death of Count Roger of Laon , Herbert demanded this County for Eudes , his eldest son. He settled there, initially against the will of King Rudolph and constructed a fortress there. Rudolph yielded to pressure to free king Charles III, whom Herbert still held in prison. In 930 , Herbert took the castle of Vitry in Perthois at the expense of Boso, the brother of King Rudolph. Rudolph united his army with the army of Hugh, marquis of Neustria , and in 931 , they entered Rheims and defeated Hugh, the son of Herbert. Artaud became the new archbishop of Reims. Herbert II then lost, in three years, Vitry, Laon , Chateau-Thierry, and Soissons . The intervention of his ally, Henry the Fowler , allowed him to restore his domains (except Rheims and Laon) in exchange for his submission to King Rudolph.
Later Herbert allied with Hugh the Great and William Longsword , duke of Normandy against King Louis IV , who allocated the County of Laon to Roger II, the son of Roger I, in 941 . Herbert and Hugh the Great took back Rheims and captured Artaud. Hugh, the son of Herbert, was restored as archbishop. Again the mediation of the German King Otto I in Visé , near Liège , in 942 allowed for the normalization of the situation.
Death and legacy
Herbert II died on 23 February 943 without having succeeded in building the principality of which he dreamed. His succession was reconciled by Hugh the Great, maternal uncle of his children. It took place in 946 and led to an equitable distribution between the sons of Herbert II: Herbert III, Robert, Albert, and Hugh (his other son Eudes died before 946). As for his girls, Adela was married to Arnulf I , count of Flanders , Luitgarde (widow of William Longsword) was married to Theobald I , count of Blois , the first lieutenant of Hugh. She brought to Theobald Provins and domains in the Mézerais.
Family
...With Adela [daughter of Robert I of France], he had 7 children:Adele of Vermandois (910 -960 ), married 934 Count Arnulf I of Flanders , also a descendant of Charlemagne Eudes of Vermandois, Count of Amiens and of Vienne , (910 -946 ) Herbert "the Elder" , Count of Meaux and of Troyes (-993 )Robert of Vermandois , Count of Meaux and Chalons (-968 )Adalbert I, Count of Vermandois (915 -987 ), married Gerberga of Lorraine, also a descendant of CharlemagneLuitgarde of Vermandois (ca 920 -978 ), married 943 Theobald I of BloisHugh of Vermandois (died 962 ), Archbishop of Reims
Birth Notes: Wife - Liegarde of France
FamilySearch has b. abt 897 in Vermandois, Neustria.
Research Notes: Wife - Liegarde of France
Source: Also familysearch.org (Kevin Bradford)
and
http://wc.rootsweb.com/cgi-bin/igm.cgi?op=GET&db=:3174654&id=I593871885
Source: Ancestral Roots of Certain American Colonists Who Came to America before 1700 by Frederick Lewis Weis and Walter Lee Sheppard, Jr, ed. by William R. Beall & Kaleen E. Beall (Baltimore, 2008), line 49-18 (Herbert II) has "m. bef. 907, LIEGARDE (Hildebrante) (Adela) (48-19), of France, dau. of ROBERT I (48-18), King of the West Franks, by his first wife, Aelis."
Birth Notes: Child - Robert of Vermandois, Count of Trois and Meaux
Another source has b. abt 916
Death Notes: Child - Albert I "the Pious" Count of Vermandois
FamilySearch has d. 7 Sep 978 in St. Quentin, Flanders. May have reversed digits in 978, and it should be 987.
Herbert II Count of Vermandois, Soissons and Troyes
Husband Herbert II Count of Vermandois, Soissons and Troyes 34 35 36 37
AKA: Herbert II de Vermandois Born: Between 880 and 890 - Vermandois, (Aisne), Picardy, France Christened: Died: 23 Feb 943 - Saint-Quentin, Vermandois, (Aisne), Picardy, France Buried:
Father: Herbert I Count of Vermandois (Abt 0850-0900/0907) 38 39 40 Mother: Bertha de Morvois (Abt 0844- ) 41
Marriage:
Other Spouse: Liegarde of France (Abt 0886-After 0931) 42 43 - by 907
Wife
Born: Christened: Died: Buried:
Children
Research Notes: Husband - Herbert II Count of Vermandois, Soissons and Troyes
From Wikipedia - Herbert II, Count of Vermandois :
Herbert II (884 - 23 February 943 ), Count of Vermandois and Count of Troyes , was the son of Herbert I of Vermandois .
Life
He inherited the domain of his father and in 907 , added to it the Saint de Soissons abbey . His marriage with Adela of France (also known as Liégarde) brought him the County of Meaux . In 918 , he was also named Count of Mézerais and of the Véxin . With his cousin Bernard , Count of Beauvais and Senlis , he constituted a powerful group in the west of France, to the north and east of Paris . In 923 , he imprisoned King Charles III in Chateau-Thierry , then in Péronne .
In 922 , the Archbishop of Rheims , Seulf , called on Herbert II to reduce some of his vassals who were in rebellion against him. On the death of Seulf, in 925 , with the help of King Rudolph , he acquired for his second son Hugh (then five years old) the archbishopric of Rheims, which had a large inheritance in France and Germany. In 926 , on the death of Count Roger of Laon , Herbert demanded this County for Eudes , his eldest son. He settled there, initially against the will of King Rudolph and constructed a fortress there. Rudolph yielded to pressure to free king Charles III, whom Herbert still held in prison. In 930 , Herbert took the castle of Vitry in Perthois at the expense of Boso, the brother of King Rudolph. Rudolph united his army with the army of Hugh, marquis of Neustria , and in 931 , they entered Rheims and defeated Hugh, the son of Herbert. Artaud became the new archbishop of Reims. Herbert II then lost, in three years, Vitry, Laon , Chateau-Thierry, and Soissons . The intervention of his ally, Henry the Fowler , allowed him to restore his domains (except Rheims and Laon) in exchange for his submission to King Rudolph.
Later Herbert allied with Hugh the Great and William Longsword , duke of Normandy against King Louis IV , who allocated the County of Laon to Roger II, the son of Roger I, in 941 . Herbert and Hugh the Great took back Rheims and captured Artaud. Hugh, the son of Herbert, was restored as archbishop. Again the mediation of the German King Otto I in Visé , near Liège , in 942 allowed for the normalization of the situation.
Death and legacy
Herbert II died on 23 February 943 without having succeeded in building the principality of which he dreamed. His succession was reconciled by Hugh the Great, maternal uncle of his children. It took place in 946 and led to an equitable distribution between the sons of Herbert II: Herbert III, Robert, Albert, and Hugh (his other son Eudes died before 946). As for his girls, Adela was married to Arnulf I , count of Flanders , Luitgarde (widow of William Longsword) was married to Theobald I , count of Blois , the first lieutenant of Hugh. She brought to Theobald Provins and domains in the Mézerais.
Family
...With Adela [daughter of Robert I of France], he had 7 children:Adele of Vermandois (910 -960 ), married 934 Count Arnulf I of Flanders , also a descendant of Charlemagne Eudes of Vermandois, Count of Amiens and of Vienne , (910 -946 ) Herbert "the Elder" , Count of Meaux and of Troyes (-993 )Robert of Vermandois , Count of Meaux and Chalons (-968 )Adalbert I, Count of Vermandois (915 -987 ), married Gerberga of Lorraine, also a descendant of CharlemagneLuitgarde of Vermandois (ca 920 -978 ), married 943 Theobald I of BloisHugh of Vermandois (died 962 ), Archbishop of Reims
Herbert III Count of Vermandois and Ogiva of England
Husband Herbert III Count of Vermandois 64 65
Born: Between 942 and 953 Christened: Died: 993 Buried:
Father: Albert I "the Pious" Count of Vermandois (Abt 0920-0988) 58 59 Mother: Gerberga of Lorraine (Abt 0935-0978) 60
Marriage: 951
Other Spouse: Ermengarde (Abt 0946-After 1042) 43 66 - by 987
Wife Ogiva of England
AKA: Edgifu, Edgiva of England, Ogive Born: 902 - Wessex, England Christened: Died: After 955 Buried:
Father: Edward I "the Elder" King of England (Between 0871/0875-0924/0925) 67 68 69 Mother: Elfreda (Abt 0878- ) 68 70 71
Other Spouse: Charles III "the Simple" King of Western Francia (0879-0929) 70 72 73 - 7 Oct 919
Children
Birth Notes: Husband - Herbert III Count of Vermandois
Ancestral Roots has b. abt 955, but if he married Ogiva in 951, something is in error.
FamilySearch has b. between 942 and 953
Death Notes: Husband - Herbert III Count of Vermandois
FamilySearch has d. 29 Aug 0997/1015.
Ancestral Roots has d. 993
Research Notes: Husband - Herbert III Count of Vermandois
Source: Ancestral Roots of Certain American Colonists Who Came to America before 1700 by Frederick Lewis Weis and Walter Lee Sheppard, Jr, ed. by William R. Beall & Kaleen E. Beall, Baltimore, 2008, Line 50-20. This source has b. abt 955, but if he married Ogiva in 951, something is in error.
Research Notes: Wife - Ogiva of England
3rd wife of Charles II "the Simple"
Source: Ancestral Roots of Certain American Colonists Who Came to America before 1700 by Frederick Lewis Weis and Walter Lee Sheppard, Jr, ed. by William R. Beall & Kaleen E. Beall (Baltimore, 2008), Line 50-20 (Herbert III). Line 148-17 (Charles III) has d. 951
Source: Wikipedia - Edward the Elder and Eadgifu of England
From Wikipedia - Eadgifu of England :
Eadgifu (b. 902 , d. after 955 ) or Edgifu, was a daughter [1] of Edward the Elder , King of Wessex and England , and his second wife Aelffaed . She was born in Wessex .
Marriage to the French King
She was the second wife of King Charles III of France ,[1] whom she married in 919 after the death of his first wife, Frederonne ; she was mother to Louis IV of France .
Flight to England
In 922 Charles III was deposed and the next year taken prisoner by Count Herbert II of Vermandois , an ally of the present King. To protect her son's safety Eadgifu took him to England in 923 to the court of her half-brother, Athelstan of England .[2] Because of this, Louis IV of France became known as Louis d'Outremer of France. He stayed there until 936, when he was called back to France to be crowned King. Eadgifu accompanied him.
She retired to a convent in Laon. Then, in 951, she left the convent and married Herbert III, Count of Vermandois .[2]
Notes
^ a b Lappenberg, Johann ; Benjamin Thorpe, translator (1845). A History of England Under the Anglo-Saxon Kings. J. Murray, pp. 88-89.
^ a b Williams, Ann ; Alfred P. Smyth, D. P. Kirby (1991). A Biographical Dictionary of Dark Age Britain: England, Scotland, and Wales. Routledge, p. 112. ISBN 1852640472 .
ReferencesLappenberg, Johann ; Benjamin Thorpe, translator (1845). A History of England Under the Anglo-Saxon Kings. J. Murray, pp. 88-89. Williams, Ann ; Alfred P. Smyth, D. P. Kirby (1991). A Biographical Dictionary of Dark Age Britain: England, Scotland, and Wales. Routledge, p. 112. ISBN 1852640472 .
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1 <i>Wikipedia.org</i>, Henry of Grosmont, 1st Duke of Lancaster; Alice Comyn; Maud Chaworth. Cit. Date: 24 Sep 2009.
2 Weis, Frederick Lewis and Walter Lee Sheppard, Jr; William R. Beall and Kaleen E. Beall, eds, <i>Ancestral Roots of Certain American Colonists Who Came to America before 1700</i> (8th ed. Baltimore: Genealogical Publishing Company, 2008.), Line 17-29.
3 <i>Wikipedia.org</i>, Henry Plantagenet, 3rd Earl of Lancaster.
4 Weis, Frederick Lewis and Walter Lee Sheppard, Jr; William R. Beall and Kaleen E. Beall, eds, <i>Ancestral Roots of Certain American Colonists Who Came to America before 1700</i> (8th ed. Baltimore: Genealogical Publishing Company, 2008.), Line 72-32, 17-29 (Henry "of Lancaster").
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6 Website:, Chaworth Family Genealogy by Albert Douglass Hart, Jr ("Our Folk").
7 <i>Wikipedia.org</i>, Alice Comyn.
8 <i>Wikipedia.org</i>, Henry IV, Holy Roman Emperor.
9 Weis, Frederick Lewis and Walter Lee Sheppard, Jr; William R. Beall and Kaleen E. Beall, eds, <i>Ancestral Roots of Certain American Colonists Who Came to America before 1700</i> (8th ed. Baltimore: Genealogical Publishing Company, 2008.), Line 45-23.
10 Weis, Frederick Lewis and Walter Lee Sheppard, Jr; William R. Beall and Kaleen E. Beall, eds, <i>Ancestral Roots of Certain American Colonists Who Came to America before 1700</i> (8th ed. Baltimore: Genealogical Publishing Company, 2008.), Line 274-23.
11 <i>Wikipedia.org</i>, Bertha of Savoy.
12 Weis, Frederick Lewis and Walter Lee Sheppard, Jr; William R. Beall and Kaleen E. Beall, eds, <i>Ancestral Roots of Certain American Colonists Who Came to America before 1700</i> (8th ed. Baltimore: Genealogical Publishing Company, 2008.), Line 1-23, 118-25 (Geoffrey V).
13 <i>Wikipedia.org</i>, Empress Matilda. Cit. Date: 15 Sep 2009.
14 Weis, Frederick Lewis and Walter Lee Sheppard, Jr; William R. Beall and Kaleen E. Beall, eds, <i>Ancestral Roots of Certain American Colonists Who Came to America before 1700</i> (8th ed. Baltimore: Genealogical Publishing Company, 2008.), Line 121-25, 121B-26 (Elizabeth).
15 <i>Wikipedia.org</i>, Henry I of England.
16 Weis, Frederick Lewis and Walter Lee Sheppard, Jr; William R. Beall and Kaleen E. Beall, eds, <i>Ancestral Roots of Certain American Colonists Who Came to America before 1700</i> (8th ed. Baltimore: Genealogical Publishing Company, 2008.), Line 118-25, 123-25.
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18 <i>Wikipedia.org</i>, Geoffrey Plantagenet, Count of Anjou. Cit. Date: 15 Sep 2009.
19 Ancestry.com, http://trees.ancestry.com/tree/29106850/family?cfpid=12982631421. Cit. Date: 21 Jun 2013.
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27 <i>http://www.familysearch.org</i>, Cit. Date: 18 Jul 2009.
28 Weis, Frederick Lewis and Walter Lee Sheppard, Jr; William R. Beall and Kaleen E. Beall, eds, <i>Ancestral Roots of Certain American Colonists Who Came to America before 1700</i> (8th ed. Baltimore: Genealogical Publishing Company, 2008.), Line 121E-20 (Richard I).
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30 <i>http://www.familysearch.org</i>, Cit. Date: 1 Aug 2009.
31 <i>Wikipedia.org</i>, Herbert I of Maine. Cit. Date: 15 Sep 2009.
32 <i>Wikipedia.org</i>, Elias I of Maine.
33 <i>Wikipedia.org</i>, Elias I of Maine. Cit. Date: 15 Sep 2009.
34 Weis, Frederick Lewis and Walter Lee Sheppard, Jr; William R. Beall and Kaleen E. Beall, eds, <i>Ancestral Roots of Certain American Colonists Who Came to America before 1700</i> (8th ed. Baltimore: Genealogical Publishing Company, 2008.), Line 50-18.
35 <i>Wikipedia.org</i>, Herbert II, Count of Vermandois.
36 <i>http://www.familysearch.org</i>, (Kevin Bradford).
37 <i>http://wc.rootsweb.ancestry.com/cgi-bin/igm.cgi</i>. Rec. Date: 25 Aug 2001, http://wc.rootsweb.com/cgi-bin/igm.cgi?op=GET&db=:3174654&id=I593871672.
38 Weis, Frederick Lewis and Walter Lee Sheppard, Jr; William R. Beall and Kaleen E. Beall, eds, <i>Ancestral Roots of Certain American Colonists Who Came to America before 1700</i> (8th ed. Baltimore: Genealogical Publishing Company, 2008.), Line 50-17, 53-18 (Robert I).
39 <i>Wikipedia.org</i>, Herbert I, Count of Vermandois.
40 <i>http://wc.rootsweb.ancestry.com/cgi-bin/igm.cgi</i>. Rec. Date: 25 Aug 2001, http://wc.rootsweb.com/cgi-bin/igm.cgi?op=GET&db=:3174654&id=I593871673.
41 <i>http://wc.rootsweb.ancestry.com/cgi-bin/igm.cgi</i>. Rec. Date: 25 Aug 2001, http://wc.rootsweb.com/cgi-bin/igm.cgi?op=GET&db=:3174654&id=I593871884.
42 Weis, Frederick Lewis and Walter Lee Sheppard, Jr; William R. Beall and Kaleen E. Beall, eds, <i>Ancestral Roots of Certain American Colonists Who Came to America before 1700</i> (8th ed. Baltimore: Genealogical Publishing Company, 2008.), Line 48-19, 50-18 (Herbert II).
43 <i>http://www.familysearch.org</i>, Cit. Date: 23 Jul 2009.
44 Weis, Frederick Lewis and Walter Lee Sheppard, Jr; William R. Beall and Kaleen E. Beall, eds, <i>Ancestral Roots of Certain American Colonists Who Came to America before 1700</i> (8th ed. Baltimore: Genealogical Publishing Company, 2008.), Lines 48-18, 53-18, 101-18.
45 Weis, Frederick Lewis and Walter Lee Sheppard, Jr; William R. Beall and Kaleen E. Beall, eds, <i>Ancestral Roots of Certain American Colonists Who Came to America before 1700</i> (8th ed. Baltimore: Genealogical Publishing Company, 2008.), Line 49-18 (Herbert II), 48-18 (Robert I).
46 <i>http://wc.rootsweb.ancestry.com/cgi-bin/igm.cgi</i>. Rec. Date: 25 Aug 2001, http://wc.rootsweb.com/cgi-bin/igm.cgi?op=GET&db=:3174654&id=I593871888.
47 Weis, Frederick Lewis and Walter Lee Sheppard, Jr; William R. Beall and Kaleen E. Beall, eds, <i>Ancestral Roots of Certain American Colonists Who Came to America before 1700</i> (8th ed. Baltimore: Genealogical Publishing Company, 2008.), Line 48-20; 162-18 (Arnold I).
48 <i>http://www.familysearch.org</i>, Cit. Date: 20 Jul 2009.
49 <i>Wikipedia.org</i>, Arnulf I, Count of Flanders; Herbert II, Count of Vermandois.
50 <i>http://wc.rootsweb.ancestry.com/cgi-bin/igm.cgi</i>. Rec. Date: 25 Aug 2001, http://wc.rootsweb.com/cgi-bin/igm.cgi?op=GET&db=:3174654&id=I593871977.
51 Weis, Frederick Lewis and Walter Lee Sheppard, Jr; William R. Beall and Kaleen E. Beall, eds, <i>Ancestral Roots of Certain American Colonists Who Came to America before 1700</i> (8th ed. Baltimore: Genealogical Publishing Company, 2008.), Line 162-18.
52 <i>Wikipedia.org</i>, Arnulf I, Count of Flanders.
53 <i>http://wc.rootsweb.ancestry.com/cgi-bin/igm.cgi</i>. Rec. Date: 25 Aug 2001, http://wc.rootsweb.com/cgi-bin/igm.cgi?op=GET&db=:3174654&id=I593871976.
54 <i>Wikipedia.org</i>, Robert of Vermandois.
55 Weis, Frederick Lewis and Walter Lee Sheppard, Jr; William R. Beall and Kaleen E. Beall, eds, <i>Ancestral Roots of Certain American Colonists Who Came to America before 1700</i> (8th ed. Baltimore: Genealogical Publishing Company, 2008.), Line 118-19.
56 <i>http://wc.rootsweb.ancestry.com/cgi-bin/igm.cgi</i>. Rec. Date: 25 Aug 2001, http://wc.rootsweb.com/cgi-bin/igm.cgi?op=GET&db=:3174654&id=I593871886.
57 <i>http://wc.rootsweb.ancestry.com/cgi-bin/igm.cgi</i>. Rec. Date: 25 Aug 2001, http://wc.rootsweb.com/cgi-bin/igm.cgi?op=GET&db=:3174654&id=I593871933.
58 Weis, Frederick Lewis and Walter Lee Sheppard, Jr; William R. Beall and Kaleen E. Beall, eds, <i>Ancestral Roots of Certain American Colonists Who Came to America before 1700</i> (8th ed. Baltimore: Genealogical Publishing Company, 2008.), Line 50-19, 140-19 (Gerberga), 142-19 (Gerberga).
59 <i>Wikipedia.org</i>, Adalbert I, Count of Vermandois.
60 Weis, Frederick Lewis and Walter Lee Sheppard, Jr; William R. Beall and Kaleen E. Beall, eds, <i>Ancestral Roots of Certain American Colonists Who Came to America before 1700</i> (8th ed. Baltimore: Genealogical Publishing Company, 2008.), Line 140-19, 50-20 (Herbert III).
61 <i>http://www.familysearch.org</i>, Cit. Date: 30 Jul 2009.
62 Weis, Frederick Lewis and Walter Lee Sheppard, Jr; William R. Beall and Kaleen E. Beall, eds, <i>Ancestral Roots of Certain American Colonists Who Came to America before 1700</i> (8th ed. Baltimore: Genealogical Publishing Company, 2008.), Line 121E-19. Cit. Date: 30 Jul 2009.
63 <i>Wikipedia.org</i>, William I, Duke of Normandy.
64 <i>http://www.familysearch.org</i>, Cit. Date: 24 Jul 2009.
65 Weis, Frederick Lewis and Walter Lee Sheppard, Jr; William R. Beall and Kaleen E. Beall, eds, <i>Ancestral Roots of Certain American Colonists Who Came to America before 1700</i> (8th ed. Baltimore: Genealogical Publishing Company, 2008.), Line 50-20.
66 Weis, Frederick Lewis and Walter Lee Sheppard, Jr; William R. Beall and Kaleen E. Beall, eds, <i>Ancestral Roots of Certain American Colonists Who Came to America before 1700</i> (8th ed. Baltimore: Genealogical Publishing Company, 2008.), Line 50-20 (Herbert III), 140-20 (Herbert III).
67 Weis, Frederick Lewis and Walter Lee Sheppard, Jr; William R. Beall and Kaleen E. Beall, eds, <i>Ancestral Roots of Certain American Colonists Who Came to America before 1700</i> (8th ed. Baltimore: Genealogical Publishing Company, 2008.), Line 1-15, 45-16.
68 <i>Wikipedia.org</i>, Edward the Elder.
69 <i>http://wc.rootsweb.ancestry.com/cgi-bin/igm.cgi</i>. Rec. Date: 25 Aug 2001, http://wc.rootsweb.com/cgi-bin/igm.cgi?op=GET&db=:3174654&id=I593872162.
70 <i>http://www.familysearch.org</i>, Cit. Date: 31 Jul 2009.
71 <i>http://wc.rootsweb.ancestry.com/cgi-bin/igm.cgi</i>. Rec. Date: 25 Aug 2001, http://wc.rootsweb.com/cgi-bin/igm.cgi?op=GET&db=:3174654&id=I593872375.
72 Weis, Frederick Lewis and Walter Lee Sheppard, Jr; William R. Beall and Kaleen E. Beall, eds, <i>Ancestral Roots of Certain American Colonists Who Came to America before 1700</i> (8th ed. Baltimore: Genealogical Publishing Company, 2008.), Line 148-17.
73
<i>Wikipedia.org</i>, Charles the Simple.
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