These pages represent the work of an amateur researcher and should not be used as the sole source by any other researcher. Few primary sources have been available. Corrections and contributions are encouraged and welcomed. -- Karen (Johnson) Fish

The Johnson-Wallace & Fish-Kirk Families



John Russell and Lacy Georgiana Elizabeth Gordon


Husband John Russell (details suppressed for this person) 

           Born: 
     Christened: 
           Died: 
         Buried: 


         Father: Francis Russell
         Mother: Elizabeth Keppel


       Marriage:

Wife Lacy Georgiana Elizabeth Gordon (details suppressed for this person) 

           Born: 
     Christened: 
           Died: 
         Buried: 


         Father: Alexander Gordon 4th Duke of Gordon
         Mother: Jane Maxwell


Children
1 F Louisa Jane Russell Duchess of Abercorn (details suppressed for this person) 

           Born: 
     Christened: 
           Died: 
         Buried: 

         Spouse: James [I] Hamilton 1st Duke of Abercorn (living)

Research Notes: Husband - John Russell

www.whitneygen.org/archives/biography/princewm.html

Research Notes: Wife - Lacy Georgiana Elizabeth Gordon

www.whitneygen.org/archives/biography/princewm.html

Bryan de Goritz


Husband Bryan de Goritz 1 

           Born: Abt 1200 - <England>
     Christened: 
           Died: 
         Buried: 

       Marriage:

Wife 

           Born: 
     Christened: 
           Died: 
         Buried:

Children
1 F Nicholia de Goritz 1 

           Born: Abt 1225 - <Le Brook, Ilchester>, Somerset, England
     Christened: 
           Died: 
         Buried: 

         Spouse: Henry de Brook (Abt 1220-After 1260) 1
           Marr: Abt 1259 - England


Harald "the Blue Tooth" Gormsson King of Denmark and Gyrid Olafsdottir


Husband Harald "the Blue Tooth" Gormsson King of Denmark 2 3 

            AKA: Harald I of Denmark, Harald I "Bluetooth" King of Denmark
           Born: Abt 910 - Denmark
     Christened: 
           Died: 1 Nov 987
         Buried: 


         Father: Geva Knudsson King of Denmark (Abt 0840-Abt 0940) 2
         Mother: Thyre "Danebod" (Abt 0844-Abt 0935) 2


       Marriage: by 950

Wife Gyrid Olafsdottir 2 4 

            AKA: Gunhild, Gyrithe Olafsdatter
           Born: Abt 930 - Denmark
     Christened: 
           Died: 
         Buried:

Children
1 F Thyra Haraldsdatter Queen of Norway 2 

           Born: Abt 947 - <Denmark>
     Christened: 
           Died: 18 Sep 1000 - Norway
         Buried: 

         Spouse: Styrbjorn "the Strong" Olafsson Prince of Sweden (Abt 0903-0985) 2

2 M Svend I "Forked Beard" King of Denmark, Norway and England 2 

            AKA: Sveyn "Forkbeard"
           Born: Abt 960 - Denmark
     Christened: 
           Died: 2 Feb 1014 - Gainsborough, Lincolnshire, England
         Buried:  - Hellig Trefoldigheds Kirke, Roskilde, Roskilde, Denmark

         Spouse: Swietoslava (Abt 0970-After 1014) 2
           Marr: 998

Research Notes: Husband - Harald "the Blue Tooth" Gormsson King of Denmark

From Wikipedia - Harald I of Denmark :

Harald Bluetooth Gormson (Old Norse : 'Haraldr Blátönn', Danish : Harald Blåtand, Norwegian : Harald Blåtann, Swedish : Harald Blåtand) (born c. 935) was the son of King Gorm the Old and of Thyra Dannebod . He died in 985 or 986 having ruled as King of Denmark from around 958 and king of Norway for a few years probably around 970. Some sources state that his son Sweyn forcibly deposed him as king.

The Jelling stones
Harald Bluetooth caused the Jelling stones to be erected to honour his parents.[1] Encyclopedia Britannica (Britannica) considers the runic inscriptions as the most well known in Denmark.[2] The biography of Harald Bluetooth is summed up by this runic inscription from the Jelling stones:
"Harald, king, bade these memorials to be made after Gorm, his father, and Thyra, his mother. The Harald who won the whole of Denmark and Norway and turned the Danes to Christianity."

Conversion and Christianisation of Denmark

The conversion of the Danes or, rather, the conversion of King Harald Bluetooth, is a contested bit of history, not least because medieval writers such as Widukind of Corvey and Adam of Bremen give conflicting accounts of how it came about.
We know from the runestone erected at Jelling Monument that Harald claimed to have converted the Danes himself. In his "History of the Archbishops of Hamburg-Bremen," finished in 1076, Adam of Bremen claimed that Harald was himself forcibly converted by Otto I , after a defeat in battle.[3] In the Icelandic saga about the Kings of Norway called the Heimskringla , this story was changed somewhat to have Harald be converted, along with Earl Hakon , by Otto II .

However, Widukind of Corvey, writing nearly 100 years before Adam and during the lives of Otto I and Harald, mentioned no such episode in his Res gestae saxonicae sive annalium libri tres or "Deeds of the Saxons". Considering that this history was at least partly written to promote the greatness of Otto and his family, this silence is damning to Adam of Bremen's claim. Widukind himself claims that Harald was converted by a "cleric by the name of Poppa" who, when asked by Harald whether he would be tested as to his faith in Christ, supposedly carried "a great weight of iron" heated by a fire without being burned.[4] A similar story does appear in Adam of Bremen's history, but about Eric of Sweden , who had supposedly conquered Denmark (there is no evidence that this happened anywhere else), and a self-immolating cleric named Poppo.[5] The story of this otherwise unknown Poppo or Poppa's miracle and baptism of Harald is also depicted on the gilded altar piece in the Church of Tandrup in Denmark, a detail of which is at the top of this article. The altar itself has been dated to about 1200.[6] Adam of Bremen's claim regarding Otto I and Harald appears to have been inspired by an attempt to manufacture a historical reason for the archbishops of Hamburg-Bremen to claim jurisdiction over Denmark (and thus the rest of Scandinavia); in the 1070s, the Danish King was in Rome asking for Denmark to have its own arch-bishop, and Adam's account of Harald's supposed conversion (and baptism of both him and his "little son" Sweyn , with Otto serving as Sweyn's godfather) is followed by the unambiguous claim that "At that time Denmark on this side of the sea, which is called Jutland by the inhabitants, was divided into three dioceses and subjected to the bishopric of Hamburg."[7]

As noted above, Harald's father, Gorm the Old had died in 958, and he had been buried in a mound with many grave goods, after the pagan practice. The mound was itself from c. 500 BCE, but Harald had it built higher over his father's grave, and added a second mound to the south. Mound-building was a newly revived custom in the tenth century, possibly as a "self-conscious appeal to old traditions in the face of Christian customs spreading from Denmark's southern neighbors, the Germans."[8]
But after his conversion, in about the 960s, Harald had his father's body disinterred and reburied in the church he built next to the now empty mound, and erected the now famous Jelling stones described above.

Reign
During his reign, Harald oversaw the reconstruction not only of the Jelling runic stones but of other projects as well. Some believe that these projects were a way for him to preserve the economic and military control of his country. During that time, ring forts were built in five strategic locations: Trelleborg on Sjælland , Nonnebakken on Fyn , Fyrkat in central Jylland , Aggersborg near Limfjord , and Trelleborg near the city of Trelleborg in Scania in present-day Sweden . All five fortresses had similar designs: "perfectly circular with gates opening to the four corners of the earth, and a courtyard divided into four areas which held large houses set in a square pattern"[10] A sixth Trelleborg is located in Borgeby , in Scania in present-day Sweden. This one has been dated to the vicinity of 1000 AD and has a similar design, so it too may have been built by king Harald.
He also constructed the oldest known bridge in southern Scandinavia, known as the Ravninge Bridge in Ravninge meadows, which was 5m wide and 760m long.

While absolute quiet prevailed throughout the interior, he was even able to turn his thoughts to foreign enterprises. Again and again he came to the help of Richard the Fearless of Normandy (in the years 945 and 963), while his son conquered Samland and, after the assassination of King Harald Graafeld of Norway, he also managed to force the people of that country into temporary subjection to himself.
The Norse sagas presents Harald in a rather negative light. He was forced twice to submit to the renegade Swedish prince Styrbjörn the Strong of the Jomsvikings - first by giving Styrbjörn a fleet and his daughter Tyra , the second time by giving up himself as hostage and an additional fleet. Styrbjörn brought this fleet to Uppsala in Sweden in order to claim the throne of Sweden. However, this time Harald broke his oath and fled with his Danes in order to avoid facing the Swedish army at the Battle of the Fýrisvellir .
As a consequence of Harald's army having lost to the Germans in the shadow of Danevirke in 974, he no longer had control of Norway and Germans having settled back into the border area between Scandinavia and Germany. The German settlers were driven out of Denmark in 983 by an alliance consisting of Obodrite soldiers and troops loyal to Harald. Soon after, Harald was killed fighting off a rebellion led by his son Sweyn. He was believed to have died in 986 , although there are many other accounts that claim he died in 985.

Marriages and issue

Gyrid Olafsdottir , probably by 950.
Thyra Haraldsdotter , married Styrbjörn Starke
Sveyn Forkbeard . Born about 960. Usually given as the son of Harald and Gyrid, though it is said in some of the older sagas that he was an illegitimate son.
Hakon. Born in 961.
Gunhilde . She married Pallig , Jarl and Ealdorman in Devon. They both died in the St. Brice's Day massacre in November 1002.
Thora (Tova) the daughter of Mistivir in 970. She raised the Sønder Vissing Runestone after her mother.



Dafydd ap Goronwy


Husband Dafydd ap Goronwy 

            AKA: David ap Gronwy
           Born: 
     Christened: 
           Died: 
         Buried: 


         Father: Goronwy ap Burton (      -      )
         Mother: 


       Marriage:

Wife 

           Born: 
     Christened: 
           Died: 
         Buried:

Children
1 F Angharad verch Dafydd ap Gronwy 5 6 7 

            AKA: Angharad verch David, Ankarett verch David ap Grono
           Born: 1392 - Burton, <Somerset>, England
     Christened: 
           Died: 
         Buried: 

         Spouse: Madog Puleston of Bers (Abt 1390-      )


Tudur ap Goronwy


Husband Tudur ap Goronwy 8 

           Born: 
     Christened: 
           Died: 1367
         Buried: 


         Father: Goronwy ap Tudur Hen Lord of Penmynydd (      -1331) 9
         Mother: 


       Marriage:

Wife 

           Born: 
     Christened: 
           Died: 
         Buried:

Children
1 M Maredudd ap Tudur 10 

            AKA: Meredith Tudor
           Born: 
     Christened: 
           Died: 1406
         Buried: 

         Spouse: Margaret verch Dafydd Fychan (      -      ) 10


Tudur Hen ap Goronwy


Husband Tudur Hen ap Goronwy 11 

            AKA: Tudur Hen, Tudur ap Goronwy
           Born: 
     Christened: 
           Died: 1311
         Buried: 


         Father: Goronwy ap Ednyfed Vychan Lord of Tref-Gastell in Anglesea (Abt 1205-1268) 12
         Mother: 


       Marriage:

Wife 

           Born: 
     Christened: 
           Died: 
         Buried:

Children
1 M Goronwy ap Tudur Hen Lord of Penmynydd 9 

           Born: 
     Christened: 
           Died: 1331
         Buried: 















Peredwr ap Goronwy ap Adda ap David Gôch











Husband Peredwr ap Goronwy ap Adda ap David Gôch 13 14





           Born: 
     Christened: 
           Died: 
         Buried: 







         Father: Goronwy ap Adda ap David Gôch ap Griffith (      -      ) 13 14
         Mother: 








       Marriage: 








Wife 





           Born: 
     Christened: 
           Died: 
         Buried: 






Children

1  M  Gwyn ap Peredwr ap Goronwy 13 14





           Born: 
     Christened: 
           Died: 
         Buried: 

















Howell ap Goronwy ap Einion of Llwyn du, Llangelynin, Talybont











Husband Howell ap Goronwy ap Einion of Llwyn du, Llangelynin, Talybont 15





           Born: Abt 1500 - <Llwyn du, Llangelynin, Talybont, Merionethshire, Wales>
     Christened: 
           Died:  - <Llwyn du, Llangelynin, Talybont, Merionethshire, Wales>
         Buried: 







         Father: Goronwy ap Einion ap Howell of Llangelynin, Talybont (Bef 1514-      ) 16
         Mother: Arddyn verch Ednyfed ap Ierworth (      -      ) 16








       Marriage: 








Wife 





           Born: 
     Christened: 
           Died: 
         Buried: 






Children

1  M  David ap Howell ap Goronwy of Llwyn du, Llangelynin, Talybont 17











           Born: Abt 1540 - Llwyn du, Llwyngwrill, Llangelynin, Merionethshire, Wales
     Christened: 
           Died: Bef 1636
         Buried: 



         Spouse: Mary verch Hugh ap John of Tal y Llyn (Abt 1544-      ) 17 18









Research Notes: Husband - Howell ap Goronwy ap Einion of Llwyn du, Llangelynin, Talybont



From Reifsnyder-Gillam Ancestry, pp.43-44:
"VIII. HOWELL AP GORONWY, of the parish of Llangelynin, Talybont, was born circa 1500, perhaps later. The name of his wife is not given either in the MS. pedigree compiled by his descendant, Rowland Ellis, in 1697, or in Dwnn's Visitations of Wales, taken 1588 to 1603, although he is mentioned in both. He was owner of Llwyn du, in the township of Llwyngwrill in Llangelynin, Talybont, which is described in a document of a later date relating to the Quaker burial place in Llwyngwrill, as "that ancient capital messuage, tenement and lands called Llwyn du,' a 'good and indefeasible estate of inheritance.'"


Birth Notes: Child - David ap Howell ap Goronwy of Llwyn du, Llangelynin, Talybont



Detailed location of Llwyn du from From the book Reifsnyder-Gillam Ancestry, Edited by Thomas Allen Glenn at the request of Howard Reifsnyder, privately printed, Philadelphia, 1902, provided by http://books.google.com, p. 43.








Gwilym ap Gruffydd Lord of Penrhyn and Morfydd verch Goronwy ap Tudur of Penmynydd











Husband Gwilym ap Gruffydd Lord of Penrhyn 19 20 21 22











            AKA: Gwilym ap Gruffudd ap Gwilym of Penrhyn
           Born: Abt 1365 - Penrhyn Castle, Llandegai, (Bangor), Caernarfonshire, (Gwynedd), Wales
     Christened: 
           Died: 1431 - Austria-Hungary
         Buried: 







         Father: Gruffydd ap Gwilym Lord of Penrhyn and Cwchwillan (Abt 1322-1405) 21 23 24
         Mother: Generys verch Madog ap Gronwy Fychan (Abt 1326-      ) 22 25 26 27








       Marriage: Abt 1390





   Other Spouse: Jonet Stanley of Hooton (Abt 1380-1466) 21 23 28 29 30 31 32 - After 1405








Wife Morfydd verch Goronwy ap Tudur of Penmynydd 22 33





            AKA: Morvyn verch Grono ap Tudor
           Born: 
     Christened: 
           Died: Bef 1405
         Buried: 






Children

1  M  Tudor Vychan ap Gwilym of Penmynydh, Anglesey (details suppressed for this person)





           Born: 
     Christened: 
           Died: 
         Buried: 











Birth Notes: Husband - Gwilym ap Gruffydd Lord of Penrhyn



Glenda Turcks http://wc.rootsweb.com/cgi-bin/igm.cgi?op=DESC&db=nanatea&id=I33919 gives b. abt 1330, d. abt 1431.  Another source says b. abt 1365.


Research Notes: Husband - Gwilym ap Gruffydd Lord of Penrhyn



The History of the Princes, the Lords Marcher, and the Ancient Nobility of Powys Fadog, and the Ancient Lords of Arwystli, Cedewen, and Meirionydd, Vol. IV, p. 342 shows him as "Gwilym ab Gruffydd, Lord of Penrhyn," the second son of "Gruffydd Gwilym, Lord of Penrhyn and Cwchwillan," who was the second son of "Gwilym Gruffydd, Lord of Penrhyn and Cwchwillan."

----

From Welsh Biography Online (http://yba.llgc.org.uk/en/s1-GRIF-PEN-1300.html) :

 "(3) The eldest son of Griffith and Generys, GWILYM AP GRIFFITH (d. 1431), m. (c. 1390) his kinswoman, Morfydd, daughter of Goronwy ap Tudur (ob. 1382) of Penmynydd  (see under Ednyfed Fychan ). Gwilym thereby gained a further share in 'Gafael Goronwy ab Ednyfed' (Penrhyn) as well as lands in Anglesey. In 1389, Gwilym and his younger brother, ROBIN AP GRIFFITH, were granted by their father his lands in Caernarvonshire and Anglesey and it was probably this step which led to their firm establishment in the area. Lands in Bodfeio were given to Robin, who was the ancestor of the family of Williams of Cochwillan (q.v. in App.) . Gwilym was the real founder of the Penrhyn family, but his precise place of residence before 1400 is not known. His wife's dowry had strengthened his hold on 'Gafael Goronwy ab Ednyfed' (Penrhyn) but his main possessions were in the commotes of Menai and Dindaethwy in Anglesey. His wife's mother (Myfanwy) and brother (Tudur ap Goronwy) were alive in 1397 and might be expected to have lived at Penmynydd; nevertheless, Gwilym ap Griffith is described as 'of Penmynydd' in 1400 and 1403, and his will, dated 1430, was signed there. From 1391 to 1397 he held various crown offices in Anglesey, being sheriff in 1396-7.

"His wife's uncles (Rhys, Gwilym, and Maredudd ap Tudur) gave full support to their cousin, Owain Glyndwr (q.v. , and see under Ednyfed Fychan ); Gwilym himself was more cautious, but he was forced by family and other circumstances to throw in his lot with the rebels about 1402. (As has been said, his father and uncle died in Glyndwr 's service.) His brother, Robin of Cochwillan, was also in rebellion but abandoned Glyndwr  before 1408, when he appears as a crown official in Caernarvonshire. Gwilym also made his peace with the king before Nov. 1407, when he was restored to his forfeited possessions and was granted, in addition, the lands of twenty-seven Anglesey adherents of Glyndwr  who had probably died in rebellion. By 1410 he had been granted the forfeited lands of his wife's uncles, Rhys and Gwilym ap Tudur, both of whom adhered to Glyndwr  to the last. His will, dated 1430, also refers to lands which he had obtained from his Tudor kinsmen; his brother-in-law, Tudur ap Goronwy, appears to have d. c. 1400 and his share of the Tudor possessions undoubtedly came into Gwilym's hands. In all, Gwilym ap Griffith appears to have succeeded, through his father's marriage, his own, and the effects of the Glynd rebellion, in gaining control of most of the patrimony of the Tudors; not the least important of the probable consequences was the departure of Owain Tudor (q.v.)  to seek his fortunes at the court of Henry V.

"The date of death of Gwilym's first wife is not known. Some time after 1405 he m. Joan, daughter of Sir William Stanley of Hooton, Ches., thus beginning a long and profitable connexion with the rising star of that family. His son by his first wife inherited only his mother's property at Penmynydd, and he was the ancestor of the later Theodores of that place (see Tudor family, of Penmynydd ). Gwilym ap Griffith d. in 1431, leaving his great possessions in Anglesey and Caernarvonshire to his son by the second marriage. (Penrhyn manuscripts, passim; Trans. Angl. Antiq. Soc., 1951, 34-72; J. R. Jones, 'The development of the Penrhyn estate to 1431', University of Wales M.A. thesis, unpublished.)"



Research Notes: Wife - Morfydd verch Goronwy ap Tudur of Penmynydd



From Welsh Biography Online (http://yba.llgc.org.uk/en/s1-GRIF-PEN-1300.html) :

"(3) The eldest son of Griffith and Generys, GWILYM AP GRIFFITH (d. 1431), m. (c. 1390) his kinswoman, Morfydd, daughter of Goronwy ap Tudur (ob. 1382) of Penmynydd  (see under Ednyfed Fychan ). Gwilym thereby gained a further share in 'Gafael Goronwy ab Ednyfed' (Penrhyn) as well as lands in Anglesey. In 1389, Gwilym and his younger brother, ROBIN AP GRIFFITH, were granted by their father his lands in Caernarvonshire and Anglesey and it was probably this step which led to their firm establishment in the area. Lands in Bodfeio were given to Robin, who was the ancestor of the family of Williams of Cochwillan (q.v. in App.) . Gwilym was the real founder of the Penrhyn family, but his precise place of residence before 1400 is not known. His wife's dowry had strengthened his hold on 'Gafael Goronwy ab Ednyfed' (Penrhyn) but his main possessions were in the commotes of Menai and Dindaethwy in Anglesey. His wife's mother (Myfanwy) and brother (Tudur ap Goronwy) were alive in 1397 and might be expected to have lived at Penmynydd; nevertheless, Gwilym ap Griffith is described as 'of Penmynydd' in 1400 and 1403, and his will, dated 1430, was signed there. From 1391 to 1397 he held various crown offices in Anglesey, being sheriff in 1396-7.

"His wife's uncles (Rhys, Gwilym, and Maredudd ap Tudur) gave full support to their cousin, Owain Glyndwr (q.v. , and see under Ednyfed Fychan ); Gwilym himself was more cautious, but he was forced by family and other circumstances to throw in his lot with the rebels about 1402. (As has been said, his father and uncle died in Glyndwr 's service.) His brother, Robin of Cochwillan, was also in rebellion but abandoned Glyndwr  before 1408, when he appears as a crown official in Caernarvonshire. Gwilym also made his peace with the king before Nov. 1407, when he was restored to his forfeited possessions and was granted, in addition, the lands of twenty-seven Anglesey adherents of Glyndwr  who had probably died in rebellion. By 1410 he had been granted the forfeited lands of his wife's uncles, Rhys and Gwilym ap Tudur, both of whom adhered to Glyndwr  to the last. His will, dated 1430, also refers to lands which he had obtained from his Tudor kinsmen; his brother-in-law, Tudur ap Goronwy, appears to have d. c. 1400 and his share of the Tudor possessions undoubtedly came into Gwilym's hands. In all, Gwilym ap Griffith appears to have succeeded, through his father's marriage, his own, and the effects of the Glynd rebellion, in gaining control of most of the patrimony of the Tudors; not the least important of the probable consequences was the departure of Owain Tudor (q.v.)  to seek his fortunes at the court of Henry V.

"The date of death of Gwilym's first wife is not known."








Madog ap Goronwy Fychan of Tref Castell and Margred verch Robert











Husband Madog ap Goronwy Fychan of Tref Castell 26 34





            AKA: Madoc ap Groneuy, Madoc ap Grono, Madog ap Gronwy Fychan
           Born: Abt 1292 - Trecastell, Llangoed, Anglesey, Wales
     Christened: 
           Died: 
         Buried: 







         Father: Gronwy Fychan ap Gronwy ap Ednyfed Fychan of Tref Castell (Abt 1294-      ) 35
         Mother: 








       Marriage: 








Wife Margred verch Robert 36





           Born: Abt 1304 - Tegeingl, (Flintshire), Wales 36
     Christened: 
           Died: 
         Buried: 






Children

1  F  Generys verch Madog ap Gronwy Fychan 22 25 26 27





            AKA: Generis verch Madoc of Penmynydd, Anglesey, Genesis verch Madoc, Generys verch Madog ap Goronwy Fychan
           Born: Abt 1326 - Penmynydd, Anglesey, Wales
     Christened: 
           Died: 
         Buried: 



         Spouse: Gruffydd ap Gwilym Lord of Penrhyn and Cwchwillan (Abt 1322-1405) 21 23 24
           Marr: Abt 1360









Research Notes: Wife - Margred verch Robert



If her sister was Angharad, this may be her lineage:
From http://www.mathematical.com/robertangharad1306.html :
*Angharad verch Robert
born about 1306 Tegeingl ctf, Flintshire, Wales

father:
*Robert ap Iorwerth 
born about 1282 Tegeingl ctf, Flintshire, Wales
died after 1339

mother:
*Alice verch Ithel 
born about 1286 Tegeingl ctf, Flintshire, Wales

siblings:
unknown

spouse:
*Cynwrig ap Bleddyn 
born about 1302 Chwibren, Llansannan, Denbighshire, Wales
died after 1334

children:
*Llywelyn "Chwith" ap Cynwrig 
born Chwibren, Llansannan, Denbighshire, Wales

biographical and/or anecdotal:

notes or source:
LDS
research of S. E. Oman Salt Lake City








Sources






1. http://www.familysearch.org, Cit. Date: 11 Aug 2009.

2. http://www.familysearch.org, Cit. Date: 26 Jul 2009.

3. Wikipedia.org, Harald I of Denmark.

4. Wikipedia.org, Harald I of Denmark.  Cit. Date: 26 Jul 2009.

5. Website:, http://www.varrall.net/pafg60.htm#11.

6. Nicholas, Thomas, Annals and Antiquities of the Counties and County Families of Wales (Vol. 1. London: Longmans, Green, Reader, & Co., 1872), p. 455.

7. Powys-Land Club, Collections Historical & Archæological Relating to Montgomeryshire, and Its Borders. (Vol. 13. London: Thomas Richards, 1880.), p. 123.

8. Wikipedia.org, "Tudur ap Goronwy," http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tudur_ap_Goronwy.  Cit. Date: 22 Jun 2013.

9. Wikipedia.org, "Goronwy ap Tudur Hen," http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Goronwy_ap_Tudur_Hen.  Cit. Date: 22 Jun 2013.

10. Wikipedia.org, "Maredudd ap Tudur," http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Maredudd_ap_Tudur.  Cit. Date: 22 Jun 2013.

11. Wikipedia.org, "Tudur Hen," http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tudur_Hen.  Cit. Date: 22 Jun 2013.

12. Wikipedia.org, "Goronwy ab Ednyfed," http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Goronwy_ab_Ednyfed.  Cit. Date: 22 Jun 2013.

13. Lloyd, Jacob Youde William, The History of the Princes, the Lords Marcher, and the Ancient Nobility of Powys Fadog, and the Ancient Lords of Arwystli, Cedewen, and Meirionydd. (Vol. 5. London: Whiting & Co., 1885.), p. 101.

14. Glenn, Thomas Allen, ed, Reifsnyder-Gillam Ancestry. (Philadelphia: (Privately Printed), 1902.), p. 37.

15. Glenn, Thomas Allen, ed, Reifsnyder-Gillam Ancestry. (Philadelphia: (Privately Printed), 1902.), pp. 43-44.

16. Glenn, Thomas Allen, ed, Reifsnyder-Gillam Ancestry. (Philadelphia: (Privately Printed), 1902.), pp. 42-43.

17. Glenn, Thomas Allen, ed, Reifsnyder-Gillam Ancestry. (Philadelphia: (Privately Printed), 1902.), pp. 44-45.

18. http://www.familysearch.org.

19. http://www.familysearch.org, Compact Disc #94 Pin #316910 (submitted by Samuel Taylor "Sam" Geer).

20. http://wc.rootsweb.ancestry.com/cgi-bin/igm.cgi.  Rec. Date: 25 Aug 2001, http://worldconnect.rootsweb.com/cgi-bin/igm.cgi?op=GET&db=mjr6387&id=I64690.

21. Lloyd, Jacob Youde William, The History of the Princes, the Lords Marcher, and the Ancient Nobility of Powys Fadog, and the Ancient Lords of Arwystli, Cedewen, and Meirionydd. (Vol. 4. London: Whiting & Co., 1884.), p. 342.

22. Honourable Society of Cymmrodorion, Dictionary of Welsh Biography (National Library of Wales. 2007. Welsh Biography Online. <http://wbo.llgc.org.uk/en/index.html>	), http://yba.llgc.org.uk/en/s1-GRIF-PEN-1300.html.

23. Glenn, Thomas Allen, ed, Reifsnyder-Gillam Ancestry. (Philadelphia: (Privately Printed), 1902.), p. 57.

24. Honourable Society of Cymmrodorion, Dictionary of Welsh Biography (National Library of Wales. 2007. Welsh Biography Online. <http://wbo.llgc.org.uk/en/index.html>	), http://yba.llgc.org.uk/en/s1-GRIF-PEN-1300.html) :.

25. http://wc.rootsweb.ancestry.com/cgi-bin/igm.cgi.  Rec. Date: 25 Aug 2001, http://worldconnect.rootsweb.com/cgi-bin/igm.cgi?op=GET&db=mjr6387&id=I64661.

26. http://wc.rootsweb.ancestry.com/cgi-bin/igm.cgi.  Rec. Date: 25 Aug 2001, http://worldconnect.rootsweb.com/cgi-bin/igm.cgi?op=GET&db=:752644&id=I34986958.

27. Nicholas, Thomas, Annals and Antiquities of the Counties and County Families of Wales (Vol. 1. London: Longmans, Green, Reader, & Co., 1872), p. 362.

28. Honourable Society of Cymmrodorion, Dictionary of Welsh Biography (National Library of Wales. 2007. Welsh Biography Online. <http://wbo.llgc.org.uk/en/index.html>	), http://yba.llgc.org.uk/en/s1-GRIF-PEN-1300.html.  Cit. Date: 2008.

29. http://www.familysearch.org, Disc #94 Pin #316911 (submitted by Samuel Taylor "Sam" Geer).

30. Website:, http://www.penrose.org/getperson.php?personID=I40748&tree=penrose.

31. http://wc.rootsweb.ancestry.com/cgi-bin/igm.cgi.  Rec. Date: 25 Aug 2001, http://worldconnect.rootsweb.com/cgi-bin/igm.cgi?op=GET&db=mjr6387&id=I45150.

32. http://wc.rootsweb.ancestry.com/cgi-bin/igm.cgi.  Rec. Date: 25 Aug 2001, http://wc.rootsweb.com/cgi-bin/igm.cgi?op=DESC&db=nanatea&id=I33919 (Glenda Turcks).

33. Burke, John and John Bernard Burke, A Genealogical and Heraldic Dictionary of the Landed Gentry of Great Britain & Ireland, Vol. 1 (London, 1847), p. 737.

34. http://wc.rootsweb.ancestry.com/cgi-bin/igm.cgi.  Rec. Date: 25 Aug 2001, http://worldconnect.rootsweb.com/cgi-bin/igm.cgi?op=GET&db=mjr6387&id=I64660 has.

35. http://wc.rootsweb.ancestry.com/cgi-bin/igm.cgi.  Rec. Date: 25 Aug 2001, http://worldconnect.rootsweb.com/cgi-bin/igm.cgi?op=GET&db=:752644&id=I34986965.

36. http://wc.rootsweb.ancestry.com/cgi-bin/igm.cgi.  Rec. Date: 25 Aug 2001, http://worldconnect.rootsweb.com/cgi-bin/igm.cgi?op=GET&db=mjr6387&id=I64455.







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<i>Wikipedia.org</i>, Harald I of Denmark.  Cit. Date: 26 Jul 2009.

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Nicholas, Thomas, <i>Annals and Antiquities of the Counties and County Families of Wales</i> (Vol. 1. London: Longmans, Green, Reader, & Co., 1872), p. 455.

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Powys-Land Club, <i>Collections Historical & Archæological Relating to Montgomeryshire, and Its Borders.</i> (Vol. 13. London: Thomas Richards, 1880.), p. 123.

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<i>Wikipedia.org</i>, "Tudur ap Goronwy," http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tudur_ap_Goronwy.  Cit. Date: 22 Jun 2013.

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<i>Wikipedia.org</i>, "Goronwy ap Tudur Hen," http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Goronwy_ap_Tudur_Hen.  Cit. Date: 22 Jun 2013.

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<i>Wikipedia.org</i>, "Maredudd ap Tudur," http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Maredudd_ap_Tudur.  Cit. Date: 22 Jun 2013.

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<i>Wikipedia.org</i>, "Tudur Hen," http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tudur_Hen.  Cit. Date: 22 Jun 2013.

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<i>Wikipedia.org</i>, "Goronwy ab Ednyfed," http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Goronwy_ab_Ednyfed.  Cit. Date: 22 Jun 2013.

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Lloyd, Jacob Youde William, <i>The History of the Princes, the Lords Marcher, and the Ancient Nobility of Powys Fadog, and the Ancient Lords of Arwystli, Cedewen, and Meirionydd.</i> (Vol. 5. London: Whiting & Co., 1885.), p. 101.

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Glenn, Thomas Allen, ed, <i>Reifsnyder-Gillam Ancestry.</i> (Philadelphia: (Privately Printed), 1902.), p. 37.

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Glenn, Thomas Allen, ed, <i>Reifsnyder-Gillam Ancestry.</i> (Philadelphia: (Privately Printed), 1902.), pp. 43-44.

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Glenn, Thomas Allen, ed, <i>Reifsnyder-Gillam Ancestry.</i> (Philadelphia: (Privately Printed), 1902.), pp. 42-43.

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Glenn, Thomas Allen, ed, <i>Reifsnyder-Gillam Ancestry.</i> (Philadelphia: (Privately Printed), 1902.), pp. 44-45.

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<i>http://www.familysearch.org</i>, Compact Disc #94 Pin #316910 (submitted by Samuel Taylor "Sam" Geer).

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<i>http://wc.rootsweb.ancestry.com/cgi-bin/igm.cgi</i>.  Rec. Date: 25 Aug 2001, http://worldconnect.rootsweb.com/cgi-bin/igm.cgi?op=GET&db=mjr6387&id=I64690.

21
Lloyd, Jacob Youde William, <i>The History of the Princes, the Lords Marcher, and the Ancient Nobility of Powys Fadog, and the Ancient Lords of Arwystli, Cedewen, and Meirionydd.</i> (Vol. 4. London: Whiting & Co., 1884.), p. 342.

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Honourable Society of Cymmrodorion, <i>Dictionary of Welsh Biography</i> (National Library of Wales. 2007. <u>Welsh Biography Online</u>. <http://wbo.llgc.org.uk/en/index.html>	), http://yba.llgc.org.uk/en/s1-GRIF-PEN-1300.html.

23
Glenn, Thomas Allen, ed, <i>Reifsnyder-Gillam Ancestry.</i> (Philadelphia: (Privately Printed), 1902.), p. 57.

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Honourable Society of Cymmrodorion, <i>Dictionary of Welsh Biography</i> (National Library of Wales. 2007. <u>Welsh Biography Online</u>. <http://wbo.llgc.org.uk/en/index.html>	), http://yba.llgc.org.uk/en/s1-GRIF-PEN-1300.html) :.

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Nicholas, Thomas, <i>Annals and Antiquities of the Counties and County Families of Wales</i> (Vol. 1. London: Longmans, Green, Reader, & Co., 1872), p. 362.

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Honourable Society of Cymmrodorion, <i>Dictionary of Welsh Biography</i> (National Library of Wales. 2007. <u>Welsh Biography Online</u>. <http://wbo.llgc.org.uk/en/index.html>	), http://yba.llgc.org.uk/en/s1-GRIF-PEN-1300.html.  Cit. Date: 2008.

29
<i>http://www.familysearch.org</i>, Disc #94 Pin #316911 (submitted by Samuel Taylor "Sam" Geer).

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<i>http://wc.rootsweb.ancestry.com/cgi-bin/igm.cgi</i>.  Rec. Date: 25 Aug 2001, http://wc.rootsweb.com/cgi-bin/igm.cgi?op=DESC&db=nanatea&id=I33919 (Glenda Turcks).

33
Burke, John and John Bernard Burke, <i>A Genealogical and Heraldic Dictionary of the Landed Gentry of Great Britain & Ireland, Vol. 1</i> (London, 1847), p. 737.

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<i>http://wc.rootsweb.ancestry.com/cgi-bin/igm.cgi</i>.  Rec. Date: 25 Aug 2001, http://worldconnect.rootsweb.com/cgi-bin/igm.cgi?op=GET&db=mjr6387&id=I64660 has.

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<i>http://wc.rootsweb.ancestry.com/cgi-bin/igm.cgi</i>.  Rec. Date: 25 Aug 2001, http://worldconnect.rootsweb.com/cgi-bin/igm.cgi?op=GET&db=:752644&id=I34986965.

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<i>http://wc.rootsweb.ancestry.com/cgi-bin/igm.cgi</i>.  Rec. Date: 25 Aug 2001, http://worldconnect.rootsweb.com/cgi-bin/igm.cgi?op=GET&db=mjr6387&id=I64455.







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