Husband Ceawlin of Wessex [Semi-legendary] 1 2 3
AKA: Ceawline King of West Saxons
Born: Abt 529
Christened:
Died: Abt 593
Buried:
Father: Cynric King of the West Saxons [Semi-legendary] (Abt 0501-0560) 4 5 6
Mother:
Marriage:
Wife
Born:
Christened:
Died:
Buried:
Children
1 M Cuthwine 7 8 9
Born: Abt 557
Christened:
Died: 584
Buried:
Research Notes: Husband - Ceawlin of Wessex [Semi-legendary]
From Wikipedia - Ceawlin of Wessex :
Ceawlin (also spelled "Ceaulin" or "Caelin") (died c. 593) was a king of Wessex , in what is now southwestern England . He may have been the son of Cynric of Wessex , and the grandson of Cerdic of Wessex , who is recorded in early sources as the leader of the first group of West Saxons to come to England. Ceawlin was active at a time when the Anglo-Saxon invasion of England was being completed; by the time he died, little of southern England remained in the hands of the native Britons .
An early source, the Anglo-Saxon Chronicle , records several battles of his, from 556 to 592, including the first record of a battle between different groups of Anglo-Saxons. The chronology of his life is highly uncertain: his reign is variously listed as lasting seven, seventeen, or thirty-two years, and the historical accuracy and dating of many of the events in the Chronicle have been called into question. However, it appears that under Ceawlin Wessex acquired significant territory, though some was later lost to other Anglo-Saxon kingdoms. Ceawlin is also named as one of the eight "bretwaldas ": this was a name given in the Chronicle to eight rulers who had overlordship over southern Britain, though the actual extent of Ceawlin's control is not known.
Ceawlin died in 593, having been deposed the year before, possibly by his successor, Ceol . He is recorded in various sources as having two sons, Cutha and Cuthwine , but the genealogies in which this information is found are known to be unreliable.
Historical context
In the fifth century, raids on Britain by continental peoples had developed into full-scale migrations. The newcomers are known to have included Angles , Saxons , Jutes and Frisians , and there is evidence of other groups as well. These groups captured territory in the east and south of England, but at about the end of the fifth century, a British victory at the battle of Mons Badonicus halted the Anglo-Saxon advance for fifty years.[1][2] Beginning in about 550, however, the British began to lose ground once more, and within 25 years it appears that control of almost all of southern England was in the hands of the invaders.[3]
The peace following the battle of Mons Badonicus is attested partly by Gildas , a monk who in about the middle of the sixth century wrote De Excidio Britanniae, or "On the Ruin of Britain". This essay is a polemic against corruption, and Gildas provides little in the way of names and dates. However, he does make it clear that peace had lasted from the year of his birth to the time he was writing.[4] The Anglo-Saxon Chronicle is the other main source that bears on this period, in particular in an entry for the year 827 that records a list of the kings who bore the title "bretwalda", or "Britain-ruler". That list shows a gap in the early sixth century that matches Gildas's version of events.[5]
Ceawlin's reign belongs to the period of Anglo-Saxon expansion at the end of the sixth century. Though there are many unanswered questions about the chronology and activities of the early West Saxon rulers, it is clear that Ceawlin was one of the key figures in the final Anglo-Saxon conquest of southern Britain.[6]
Early West Saxon sources
The two main written sources for early West Saxon history are the Anglo-Saxon Chronicle and the West Saxon Genealogical Regnal List. The Chronicle is a set of annals which were put together in about 890, in the reign of King Alfred the Great of Wessex .[7] They contain earlier material for the older entries, which were assembled from earlier annals that no longer survive, as well as from saga material that was perhaps transmitted orally.[8][9] The Chronicle dates the West Saxon arrival in Britain to 495, when Cerdic and his son, Cynric, land at "Cerdices ora", or Cerdic's shore. Almost twenty annals describing Cerdic's campaigns, and those of his descendants, appear interspersed through the next hundred years of entries in the Chronicle.[10][11] Although these annals provide most of what is known about Ceawlin, it should also be noted that the historicity of many of the entries is uncertain.[12]
The West Saxon Genealogical Regnal List is a list of kings of Wessex, including the lengths of their reigns. It survives in several forms, including as a preface to the [B] manuscript of the Chronicle.[13] Like the Chronicle, it was composed during the reign of Alfred the Great, and both the List and the Chronicle are influenced by the desire of their writers to trace the lineage of the Kings of Wessex through Cerdic to Gewis, the legendary ancestor of the West Saxons, through a single line of descent. The result served the political purposes of the scribe, but is riddled with contradictions for the historian.[14]
This can be seen clearly by calculating dates by different methods from the various sources. The first event in West Saxon history the date of which can be regarded as reasonably certain is the baptism of Cynegils , which occurred in the late 630s, perhaps as late as 640. The Chronicle dates Cerdic's arrival to 495, but adding up the lengths of the reigns as given in the West Saxon Genealogical Regnal List leads to the conclusion that Cerdic's reign started in about 532, a difference of 37 years. However, neither 495 nor 532 can be treated as reliable; the latter date relies on the assumption that the Regnal List is correct in presenting the kings of Wessex as having succeeded one another, with no omitted kings and no joint kingships, and that the durations of the reigns are correct as given. None of these assumptions can be made safely.[10]
The sources are also inconsistent on the length of Ceawlin's reign. The Chronicle gives it as thirty-two years, from 560 to 592; but the Regnal Lists disagree: different versions give it as seven or seventeen years. A recent detailed study of the Regnal List dates the arrival of the West Saxons in England to 538, and favours seven years as the most likely length of Ceawlin's reign, with dates of 581-588 proposed.[10][15] The sources do agree that Ceawlin is the son of Cynric, and he is usually named as the father of Cuthwine.[16] There is one discrepancy to be noted in this case: the entry for 685 in the [A] version of the Chronicle assigns Ceawlin a son, Cutha, but in the 855 entry in the same manuscript, Cutha is listed as the son of Cuthwine. Cutha is also named as Ceawlin's brother in the [E] and [F] versions of the Chronicle, in the 571 and 568 entries, respectively.[17]
Whether Ceawlin is a descendant of Cerdic is a matter of debate. Subgroupings of different West Saxon lineages give the impression of separate groups, of which Ceawlin's line is one. Some of the problems in the Wessex genealogies may have come about because of efforts to integrate Ceawlin's line with the other lineages: it was very important to the West Saxons to be able to trace their ancestors back to Cerdic.[18] Another reason for doubting the literal nature of these early genealogies is that the etymology of the names of several early members of the dynasty do not appear to be Germanic. The name Ceawlin is one of the name that does not have a convincing Anglo-Saxon origin; it seems more likely to be British.[19]
It should also be noted that the earliest sources do not use the term "West Saxon". According to Bede 's Ecclesiastical History of the English People, the term is interchangeable with the Gewisse , meaning the descendants of Gewis. The term "West Saxon" only appears in the late seventh century, after the reign of Cædwalla .[20]
West Saxon expansion
The kingdom of Wessex ultimately occupied the southwest of England, but the initial stages in this expansion are not apparent from the sources.[14] Cerdic's landing, whenever it is to be dated, seems to have been near the Isle of Wight , and the annals record the conquest of the island in 530. In 534, according to the Chronicle, Cerdic died, and his son Cynric took the throne; the Chronicle adds that "they gave the Isle of Wight to their nephews, Stuf and Wihtgar". It should be noted that these records are in direct conflict with Bede , who states that the Isle of Wight was settled by Jutes, not Saxons; the archaeological record is somewhat in favour of Bede on this.[11][21]
Subsequent entries in the Chronicle give details of some of the battles by which the West Saxons won their kingdom. Ceawlin's campaigns are not near the coast: they range along the Thames valley and beyond, as far as Surrey in the east, and the mouth of the Severn in the west. Ceawlin is clearly part of the West Saxon expansion, but the military history of the period is difficult to understand.[14] In what follows the dates are as given in the Chronicle, though as noted above these are likely to be too early.
556: Beran byrg
The first record of a battle fought by Ceawlin is in 556, when he and his father, Cynric, fought the British at "Beran byrg", or Bera's Stronghold. This is now identified as Barbury Castle , an Iron Age hill fort in Wiltshire, near Swindon. Cynric would have been king of Wessex at this time.[11][22]
568: Wibbandun
The first battle Ceawlin fought as king is dated by the Chronicle to 568, when he and Cutha fought with Æthelberht , the king of Kent. The entry says "Here Ceawlin and Cutha fought against Aethelberht and drove him into Kent; and they killed two ealdormen, Oslaf and Cnebba, on Wibbandun." The location of "Wibbandun", which can be translated as "Wibba's Mount", has not been definitely identified; it was at one time thought to be Wimbledon, but this is now known to be incorrect.[23][24] This battle is notable as the first recorded conflict between the invading peoples: previous battles recorded in the Chronicle are between the Anglo-Saxons and the British.[11]
There are multiple examples of joint kingship in Anglo-Saxon history, and this may be another: it is not clear what Cutha's relationship to Ceawlin is, but it is certainly possible he was also a king. The annal for 577, below, is another possible example.[25]
571: Bedcanford
The annal for 571 reads: "Here Cuthwulf fought against the Britons at Bedcanford, and took 4 settlements: Limbury and Aylesbury , Benson and Eynsham ; and in the same year he passed away." Cuthwulf's relationship with Ceawlin is unknown, but the alliteration common to Anglo-Saxon royal families suggests Cuthwulf may be part of the West Saxon royal line. The location of the battle itself is unidentified. It has been suggested that it was Bedford , but what is known of the early history of Bedford's names does not support this. This battle is of interest because it is surprising that an area so far east should still be in British hands this late: there is ample archaeological evidence of early Saxon and Anglian presence in the midlands, and historians have generally interpreted Gildas's De Excidio as implying that the British had lost control of this area by the mid-sixth century. One possible explanation is that this annal records a reconquest of land that was lost to the British in the campaigns ending in the battle of Mons Badonicus.[22]
577: The lower Severn
The annal for 577 reads "Here Cuthwine and Ceawlin fought against the Britons, and they killed 3 kings, Coinmail and Condidan and Farinmail, in the place which is called Dyrham , and took 3 cities: Gloucester and Cirencester and Bath ."[26] This entry is all that is known of these British kings; their names are in an archaic form that makes it very likely this annal derives from a much older written source. The battle itself has long been regarded as a key moment in the Saxon advance, since in reaching the Bristol Channel the West Saxons divided the Britons west of the Severn from land communication with those in the peninsula to the south of the Channel.[27] Wessex almost certainly lost this territory to Penda of Mercia in 628, when the Chronicle records that "Cynegils and Cwichelm fought against Penda at Cirencester, and then came to an agreement."[28][29]
It is possible that when Ceawlin and Cuthwine took Bath, they found the Roman baths still operating to some extent. Nennius , a ninth-century historian, mentions a "Hot Lake" in the land of the Hwicce , which was along the Severn, and adds "It is surrounded by a wall, made of brick and stone, and men may go there to bathe at any time, and every man can have the kind of bath he likes. If he wants, it will be a cold bath; and if he wants a hot bath, it will be hot". Bede also describes hot baths in the geographical introduction to the Ecclesiastical History, in terms very like Nennius's.[30]
Wansdyke , an early medieval defensive linear earthwork, runs from south of Bristol to near Marlborough , passing not far from Bath. It was probably built in the fifth or sixth centuries, perhaps by Ceawlin.[31]
584: Fethan leag
Ceawlin's last recorded victory is in 584. The entry reads: "Here Ceawlin and Cutha fought against the Britons at the place which is named Fethan leag, and Cutha was killed; and Ceawlin took many towns and countless war-loot, and in anger he turned back to his own [territory]."[11] There is a wood named "Fethelée" mentioned in a 12th century document that relates to Stoke Lyne, in Oxfordshire , and it is now thought that the battle of Fethan leag must have been fought in this area.[27]
The phrase "in anger he turned back to his own" probably indicates that this annal is drawn from saga material, as perhaps are all of the early Wessex annals.[31] It has also been used to argue that perhaps Ceawlin did not in fact win the battle, and that the chronicler chose not to record the outcome fully - a king does not usually come home "in anger" after taking "many towns and countless war-loot". It may be that Ceawlin's overlordship of the southern English came to an end with this battle.[6]
Bretwaldaship
In about 731, Bede, a Northumbrian monk and chronicler, wrote a work called the Ecclesiastical History of the English People. The work was not primarily a secular history, but Bede provides much information about the history of the Anglo-Saxons, including a list early in the history of seven kings whom, he said, held "imperium" over the other kingdoms south of the Humber . The usual translation for "imperium" is "overlordship". Bede names Ceawlin as the second on the list, though he spells it "Caelin", and adds that he was "known in the speech of his own people as Ceaulin". Bede also makes it clear that Ceawlin was not a Christian-Bede mentions a later king, Æthelberht of Kent, as "the first to enter the kingdom of heaven".[32]
The Anglo-Saxon Chronicle, in an entry for the year 827, repeats Bede's list, adds Egbert of Wessex , and also mentions that they were known as "bretwalda", or "Britain-ruler".[5] A great deal of scholarly attention has been given to the meaning of this word. It has been described as a term "of encomiastic poetry",[33] but there is also evidence that it implied a definite role of military leadership.[34]
Bede says that these kings had authority "south of the Humber", but the actual span of control, at least of the earlier bretwaldas, was no doubt less than this.[35] In Ceawlin's case the range of control is hard to determine accurately, but Bede's inclusion of Ceawlin in the list of kings who held imperium, and the list of battles he is recorded as having won, indicate an energetic and successful leader who, from a base in the upper Thames valley, dominated much of the surrounding area and held overlordship over the southern English for some period.[12] Despite Ceawlin's military successes, the northern conquests he made could not always be retained: Mercia took much of the upper Thames valley, and the north-eastern towns won in 571 were in territory subsequently under the control of Kent and Mercia at different times.[27]
Bede's concept of the power of these overlords must also be regarded as the product of his eighth-century viewpoint. When the Ecclesiastical History was written, Æthelbald of Mercia dominated the English south of the Humber, and Bede's view of the earlier kings is doubtless strongly coloured by the state of England at that time. For the earlier bretwaldas, such as Ælle and Ceawlin, there must be some element of anachronism in Bede's description.[34] It is also possible that Bede only meant to refer to power over Anglo-Saxon kingdoms, not the native Britons.[35]
Ceawlin is the second king in Bede's list. All the subsequent bretwaldas followed more or less consecutively, but there is a long gap, perhaps fifty years, between Ælle of Sussex , the first bretwalda, and Ceawlin. The lack of gaps between the overlordships of the later bretwaldas has been used to make an argument for Ceawlin's dates matching the later entries in the Chronicle with reasonable accuracy. According to this analysis, the next bretwalda, Æthelberht of Kent , must have been already a dominant king by the time Pope Gregory the Great wrote to him in 601, since Gregory would have not written to an underking. Ceawlin defeated Æthelberht in 568 according to the Chronicle. Æthelberht's dates are a matter of debate, but recent scholarly consensus has his reign starting no earlier than 580. The 568 date for the battle at Wibbandun is thought to be unlikely because of the assertion in various versions of the West Saxon Genealogical Regnal List that Ceawlin's reign lasted either seven or seventeen years. If this battle is placed at around 590, before Æthelberht has established himself as a powerful king, then the subsequent annals relating to Ceawlin's defeat and death may be reasonably close to the correct date. In any case, the battle with Æthelberht is unlikely to have been more than a few years on either side of 590.[36] The gap between Aelle and Ceawlin, on the other hand, has been taken as supporting evidence for the story told by Gildas in De Excidio of a peace lasting a generation or more following a British victory at Mons Badonicus.[37]
Æthelberht of Kent succeeds Ceawlin on the list of bretwaldas, but the reigns may overlap somewhat: recent evaluations give Ceawlin a likely reign of perhaps 581-588, and place Æthelberht's accession in about 589, but these analyses are no more than scholarly guesses.[15][38] Ceawlin's eclipse in 592, probably by Ceol, may have been the occasion for Æthelberht to rise to prominence; Æthelberht was very likely the dominant Anglo-Saxon king by 597.[39] Æthelberht's rise may have been earlier: the 584 annal, even if it records a victory, is the last victory of Ceawlin's in the Chronicle, and the period after that may have been one of Æthelberht's ascent and Ceawlin's decline.[6]
Wessex at Ceawlin's death
Ceawlin lost the throne of Wessex in 592. The annal for that year reads, in part: "Here there was great slaughter at Woden's Barrow, and Ceawlin was driven out." Woden's Barrow is a tumulus, now called Adam's Grave, at Alton Priors , Wiltshire .[11] No details of his opponent are given. The medieval chronicler William of Malmesbury , writing in about 1120, says that it was "the Angles and the British conspiring together",[40] Alternatively, it may have been Ceol, who is supposed to have been the next king of Wessex, ruling for six years according to the West Saxon Genealogical Regnal List.[39] According to the Anglo-Saxon Chronicle, Ceawlin died the following year. The relevant part of the annal reads: "Here Ceawlin and Cwichelm and Crida perished."[11] Nothing more is known of Cwichelm and Crida, though they may have been members of the Wessex royal house - their names fit the alliterative pattern common to royal houses of the time.[6][41]
According to the Regnal List, Ceol was a son of Cutha, who was a son of Cynric; and Ceolwulf, his brother, reigned for seventeen years after him. It is possible that some fragmentation of control among the West Saxons occurred at Ceawlin's death: Ceol and Ceolwulf may have been based in Wiltshire, as opposed to the upper Thames valley. This split may have also contributed to Æthelberht's ability to rise to dominance in southern England. The West Saxons remained influential in military terms, however: the Chronicle and Bede record continued military activity against Essex and Sussex within twenty or thirty years of Ceawlin's death.[34]
Notes
^ Hunter Blair, An Introduction to Anglo-Saxon England, pp. 13-16.
^ Campbell & al, The Anglo-Saxons, p. 23.
^ Hunter Blair (Roman Britain, p. 204) gives the twenty-five years from 550 to 575 as the dates of the final conquest.
^ Stenton, Anglo-Saxon England, pp. 2-7.
^ a b Swanton, Anglo-Saxon Chronicle, pp. 60-61
^ a b c d Stenton, Anglo-Saxon England, p. 30.
^ Keynes and Lapidge, Alfred the Great,p. 41.
^ Swanton, Anglo-Saxon Chronicle, p. xix
^ Yorke, Kings and Kingdoms, p. 132.
^ a b c Kirby, Earliest English Kings, pp. 50-51.
^ a b c d e f g Swanton, Anglo-Saxon Chronicle, pp. 14-21
^ a b Kirby, Earliest English Kings, p. 55
^ The Regnal List is now separated from the main body of the Chronicle, and as result the manuscripts are recorded separately in the British Library , as MS Cotton Tiberius Aii, f. 178 (for the Regnal List), and MS Cotton Tiberius Avi, ff. 1-34 (the [B] manuscript of the Chronicle). See Swanton, Anglo-Saxon Chronicle, p. xxii. See also Lapidge, Encyclopedia of Anglo-Saxon England, p. 388.
^ a b c D.P. Kirby (Earliest English Kings, p. 49) refers to the combination of the Chronicle and the Regnal List as a "political fiction".
^ a b D.N. Dumville, "The West Saxon Genealogical Regnal List and the chronology of Wessex", 1985, cited in Yorke, Kings and Kingdoms, p. 133.
^ See the "Genealogical Tables" in the appendices to Swanton, Anglo-Saxon Chronicle.
^ Swanton, Anglo-Saxon Chronicle, pp. 18-19. For tables showing the variations in the Wessex genealogy, see also figures 3 and 4 in Kirby, Earliest English Kings, pp. 223-224.
^ Yorke (Kings and Kingdoms, p. 133) gives this argument in some detail.
^ "Records of the West Saxon dynasties survive in versions which have been subject to later manipulation, which may make it all the more significant that some of the founding 'Saxon' fathers have British names: Cerdic, Ceawlin, Cenwalh." in: Hills, C., Origins of the English, Duckworth (2003), p. 105. Also "The names Cerdic, Ceawlin and Caedwalla, all in the genealogy of the West Saxon kings, are apparently British." in: Ward-Perkins, B., Why did the Anglo-Saxons not become more British? The English Historical Review 115.462 (June 2000): p513.
^ Kirby, Earliest English Kings, pp. 48, 223
^ Stenton, Anglo-Saxon England, pp. 22-23.
^ a b Stenton, Anglo-Saxon England, pp. 26-28.
^ Plummer, Two Saxon Chronicles, vol. 2 p. 16
^ English Place-Name Society (1926), p. xiv, cited in Hodgkins, A History, p. 188 n. 2
^ Yorke, Kings and Kingdoms, pp. 143-144.
^ Swanton, Anglo-Saxon Chronicle, pp. 18-19
^ a b c Stenton, Anglo-Saxon England, p. 29.
^ Stenton, Anglo-Saxon England, p. 45.
^ Swanton, Anglo-Saxon Chronicle, pp. 24-25.
^ Campbell & al, The Anglo-Saxons, pp. 40-41.
^ a b Fletcher, Who's Who, pp. 25-26.
^ Bede, Ecclesiastical History, II 5, quoted from Sherley-Price's translation, p. 111
^ Stenton, Anglo-Saxon England, pp. 34-35.
^ a b c Kirby, Earliest English Kings, p. 17.
^ a b Campbell & al, The Anglo-Saxons, pp. 53-54.
^ The argument is made in more detail in Kirby, Earliest English Kings, p. 56. See also pp. 50-51 for a review of the evidence concerning the length of Ceawlin's reign.
^ Stenton, Anglo-Saxon England, p. 19.
^ Kirby (Earliest English Kings, pp. 31-34) provides a very detailed analysis of the chronology of Æthelberht's reign.
^ a b Kirby, Earliest English Kings, p. 56.
^ Quoted in Plummer, Two Saxon Chronicles, vol. 2 p. 17
^ Yorke, Kings and Kingdoms, p. 143
Death Notes: Child - Cuthwine
Husband Cech of Bohemia 10
AKA: Czechus Duke of Bohemia
Born: Abt 642 - <Praha, Praha>, Bohemia (Czechoslovakia)
Christened:
Died:
Buried:
Marriage:
Wife
Born:
Christened:
Died:
Buried:
Children
1 M Krok Duke of Bohemia 10
AKA: Cracus Duke of Bohemia
Born: Abt 667 - <Praha, Praha>, Bohemia (Czechoslovakia)
Christened:
Died:
Buried:
Husband Gudrod Bjornsson 11
Born: Abt 932 - <Norway>
Christened:
Died: 963
Buried:
Father: Bjorn "the Merchant" Haraldsson Prince of Norway (Abt 0900-0927) 11
Mother:
Marriage:
Wife Cecilie 11
Born: Abt 936 - <Norway>
Christened:
Died:
Buried:
Children
1 M Harald "Graenske" Gudrodsson 11
Born: Abt 960 - <Vestfold, Norway>
Christened:
Died: Abt 995
Buried:
Spouse: Asta Gudbrandsdatter (Abt 0970- ) 11
Husband Ceinnedigh 12
Born: Abt 900 - Ireland
Christened:
Died:
Buried:
Marriage:
Wife
Born:
Christened:
Died:
Buried:
Children
1 M Brien Boroimhe King of Ireland 12
AKA: Brien Boroimhe King of Ireland
Born: Abt 941 - Ireland
Christened:
Died: 1013
Buried:
Husband Cenred of Wessex 13 14 15
AKA: Coenred of Wessex
Born: Abt 641
Christened:
Died: 694
Buried:
Father: Ceolwold of Wessex (Abt 0613- ) 16 17 18
Mother:
Marriage:
Wife
Born:
Christened:
Died:
Buried:
Children
1 M Ingild of Wessex 19 20
AKA: Ingeld of Wessex
Born: Abt 672
Christened:
Died: 718
Buried:
2 M Ina King of Saxons
Born:
Christened:
Died:
Buried:
Research Notes: Husband - Cenred of Wessex
Did not rule.
From Wikipedia - Cenred of Wessex :
Cenred of Wessex was a member of the House of Wessex . Although a member of the direct male line from Cynric to Egbert , Cenred was never king due to usurpations by junior branches of the family (see House of Wessex family tree ). He was born c. 640 and his death date is unknown.
His father was Ceolwald of Wessex . Cenred had at least four children; Ine of Wessex , who went on to be one of the most successful kings of the West Saxons; Ingild of Wessex , who continued the royal line through his son Eoppa ; and Cuthburga , who married the powerful Northumbrian king Aldfrith , and who became abbess of Wimborne. There may also have been another daughter who was married to King Aethelfrith of Wessex , but this claim may have been substantiated to further Aethelheard's claim to the throne.
Husband Ceolwold of Wessex 16 17 18
Born: Abt 613
Christened:
Died:
Buried:
Father: Cutha Cathwulf (Abt 0583- ) 21 22 23
Mother:
Marriage:
Events
• Visited Rome: 688.
Wife
Born:
Christened:
Died:
Buried:
Children
1 M Cenred of Wessex 13 14 15
AKA: Coenred of Wessex
Born: Abt 641
Christened:
Died: 694
Buried:
Research Notes: Husband - Ceolwold of Wessex
Did not rule.
Wikipedia - Ceolwald of Wessex :
Ceolwald of Wessex was a member of the House of Wessex (see House of Wessex family tree ). Although a member of the direct male line from Cynric to Egbert , Ceolwald was never king due to usurpations by junior branches of the family. His birth and death dates are unknown.
His father was Cutha Cathwulf and his child Coenred of Wessex . Nothing more of him is known.
Sources
[1] - brief outline of Ceolwald's reign although gives a birth date of before 597 but his father's birthdate is given as 592.
Husband Cerdic King of the West Saxons [Semi-legendary] 24 25
Born: Abt 473
Christened:
Died: 534
Buried:
Father: Elesa (Abt 0447- ) 26 27
Mother:
Marriage:
Events
• King of the West Saxons: 519-534.
Wife
Born:
Christened:
Died:
Buried:
Children
1 M Cynric King of the West Saxons [Semi-legendary] 4 5 6
Born: Abt 501
Christened:
Died: 560
Buried:
Research Notes: Husband - Cerdic King of the West Saxons [Semi-legendary]
King of the West Saxons 519-534.
From Ancestral Roots, Line 1-1 :
"CERDIC... was a Saxon earldorman who founded a settlement on the coast of Hampshire, England, in 495, assumed the title of King of the West Saxons in 519, and became the ancestor of the English royal line."
From Wikipedia - Cerdic of Wessex :
Cerdic of Wessex (d. 534 ) was the King of Wessex (519 -534 ) and is regarded as the ancestor of all subsequent Kings of Wessex (See House of Wessex family tree ).
Official life and career
According to the Anglo-Saxon Chronicle , Cerdic landed in Hampshire in 495 with his son Cynric in three keels (ships). He is said to have fought a British king named Natanleod at Netley Marsh in Hampshire and killed him in 508, and to have fought at Charford (Cerdic's Ford) in 519, after which he became first king of Wessex . The conquest of the Isle of Wight is also mentioned among his campaigns, and it was later given to his kinsmen, Stuf and Wihtgar (who had supposedly arrived with the West Saxons in 514). Cerdic is said to have died in 534 and was succeeded by his son Cynric .
The early history of Wessex in the Anglo-Saxon Chronicle is clearly muddled. David Dumville has suggested that Cerdic's true regnal dates are 538 -554 . Some scholars suggest that Cerdic was the Saxon leader defeated by the British at the battle of Mount Badon , which was probably fought sometime between 490 and 518 . This cannot be the case if Dumville is correct, and others assign this battle to Ælle or another Saxon leader.
It should also be noted that while Cerdic's area of operation was, according to the Chronicle, in the area north of Southampton, there is also stronger archaeological evidence of early Anglo-Saxon activity in the area around Dorchester-on-Thames . This is the later location of the first West Saxon bishopric, in the first half of the seventh century, so it appears likely that the origins of the kingdom of Wessex are more complex than the version provided by the surviving traditions.[1]
Some scholars have gone so far as to suggest that Cerdic is purely a legendary figure, and had no actual existence, but this is a minority view. However, the earliest source for Cerdic, the Anglo-Saxon Chronicle, was put together in the late ninth century; though it probably does record the extant tradition of the founding of Wessex, the intervening four hundred years mean that the account cannot be assumed to be accurate.[2][3]
Cerdic is allegedly an ancestor to Egbert of Wessex , and therefore would be an ancestor of not only the modern British monarchy under Elizabeth II , allowing The British Royal Family to trace its roots back over 1500 years, but virtually every royal lineage in Europe.
Origins
Curiously, the name Cerdic is thought to be British - a form of the name Ceretic (in Latin Caratacus) - rather than Germanic in origin. One explanation for this is the possibility that Cerdic's mother was British and that he was given a name used by his mother's people; if so, this would provide evidence for a degree of mixing, both cultural and biological, between the invaders and the native British.
J.N.L. Myres noted that when Cerdic and Cynric first appear in the Anglo-Saxon Chronicle in 495 they are described as ealdormen , which at that point in time was fairly junior rank. Myres remarks that "It is thus odd to find it used here to describe the leaders of what purports to be an independent band of invaders, who origins and authority are not otherwise specified. It looks very much as if a hint is being conveyed that Cerdic and his people owed their standing to having been already concerned with administrative affairs under Roman authority on this part of the Saxon Shore." Furthermore, it is not until 519 that Cerdic and Cynric are recorded as "beginning to reign", suggesting that they ceased being dependent vassals or ealdormen and became independent Kings in their own right.
Summing up, Myres believed that It is thus possible ... to think of Cerdic as the head of a partly British noble family with extensive territorial interests at the western end of the "Litus Saxonicum. As such he may well have been entrusted in the last days of Roman, or sub-Roman authority with its defence. He would then be what in later Anglo-Saxon terminology could be described as an ealdorman. ... If such a dominant native family as that of Cerdic had already developed blood-relationships with existing Saxon and Jutish settlers at this end of the Saxon Shore, it could very well be tempted, once effective Roman authority had faded, to go further. It might have taken matters into its own hands and after eliminating any surviving pockets of resistance by competing British chieftains, such as the mysterious Natanleod of annal 508 , it could 'begin to reign' without recognizing in future any superior authority."
Some would disagree with Myres, as Cerdic is reported to have landed in Hampshire. Some also would say that the Anglo-Saxon Chronicle proves that Cerdic was indeed a Saxon, however it does not prove that he had no Celtic blood. Some scholars believe that it is likely that his mother was a British Celt who left for the Continent or perhaps was a Continental Celt. Geoffrey Ashe postulates he may be a son of Riothamus .
Husband Ceretic Guletic King of Alt Clut 28
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1 M Cynwyd King of Alt Clut 29
AKA: Cinuit King of Alt Clut
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Research Notes: Husband - Ceretic Guletic King of Alt Clut
Possibly the same man as Coroticus (see below).
From Wikipedia - Ceretic Guletic :
Ceretic Guletic of Alt Clut was a king of Alt Clut (modern Dumbarton ) in the fifth century. He has been identified with Coroticus, a Britonnic warrior addressed in a letter by Saint Patrick . Of Patrick's two surviving letters, one is addressed to the warband of this Coroticus. Bemoaning the capture and enslavement of newly Christianised Irish and their sale to non-Christians, Patrick includes the imprecation:[1]
Soldiers whom I no longer call my fellow citizens, or citizens of the Roman saints, but fellow citizens of the devils, in consequence of their evil deeds; who live in death, after the hostile rite of the barbarians; associates of the Scots and Apostate Picts; desirous of glutting themselves with the blood of innocent Christians, multitudes of whom I have begotten in God and confirmed in Christ.
In the letter Patrick announces that he has excommunicated Coroticus' men. The identification of Coroticus with Ceretic Guletic is based largely on an 8th century gloss to Patrick's letter.[2] It has been suggested that it was the sending of this letter which provoked the trial which Patrick mentions in the Confession.[3] The "Apostate Picts" are the Southern Picts converted by Saint Ninian and ministered to by Palladius , and who had subsequently left Christianity. The Northern Picts were later converted by Saint Columba in the sixth century, and as they were not yet Christian, they could not be called "apostate ".[4]
Ceretic's dates therefore depend on the conclusions of the vast scholarship devoted to discovering the floruit of St Patrick, but the sometime in the fifth century is probably safe. Ceretic appears also in the Harleian genealogies of the rulers of Alt Clut, from which we know his father (Cynloyp), grandfather (Cinhil) and great-grandfather (Cluim).[5] It is from the latter source that we get his nickname, Guletic ("Land-holder"). In the Book of Armagh , he is called Coirthech rex Aloo, "Ceretic, King of the Height [of the Clyde]" [6]
Husband Cerwyd of Cornwall 30
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1 F Private (details suppressed for this person)
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Husband Charibert 32
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1 M Chrodobertus 33
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Sources
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2. Weis, Frederick Lewis and Walter Lee Sheppard, Jr; William R. Beall and Kaleen E. Beall, eds, Ancestral Roots of Certain American Colonists Who Came to America before 1700 (8th ed. Baltimore: Genealogical Publishing Company, 2008.), Line 1-3.
3. Wikipedia.org, Ceawlin of Wessex.
4. Weis, Frederick Lewis and Walter Lee Sheppard, Jr; William R. Beall and Kaleen E. Beall, eds, Ancestral Roots of Certain American Colonists Who Came to America before 1700 (8th ed. Baltimore: Genealogical Publishing Company, 2008.), Line 1-2.
5. http://wc.rootsweb.ancestry.com/cgi-bin/igm.cgi. Rec. Date: 25 Aug 2001, http://wc.rootsweb.com/cgi-bin/igm.cgi?op=GET&db=:3174654&id=I593872477.
6. Wikipedia.org, Cynric of Wessex.
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8. Weis, Frederick Lewis and Walter Lee Sheppard, Jr; William R. Beall and Kaleen E. Beall, eds, Ancestral Roots of Certain American Colonists Who Came to America before 1700 (8th ed. Baltimore: Genealogical Publishing Company, 2008.), Line 1-4.
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10. http://www.familysearch.org, Cit. Date: 26 Jul 2009.
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14. Weis, Frederick Lewis and Walter Lee Sheppard, Jr; William R. Beall and Kaleen E. Beall, eds, Ancestral Roots of Certain American Colonists Who Came to America before 1700 (8th ed. Baltimore: Genealogical Publishing Company, 2008.), Line 1-7.
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17. Weis, Frederick Lewis and Walter Lee Sheppard, Jr; William R. Beall and Kaleen E. Beall, eds, Ancestral Roots of Certain American Colonists Who Came to America before 1700 (8th ed. Baltimore: Genealogical Publishing Company, 2008.), Line 1.
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20. Weis, Frederick Lewis and Walter Lee Sheppard, Jr; William R. Beall and Kaleen E. Beall, eds, Ancestral Roots of Certain American Colonists Who Came to America before 1700 (8th ed. Baltimore: Genealogical Publishing Company, 2008.), line 1-8.
21. Wikipedia.org, Cutha Cathwulf.
22. http://wc.rootsweb.ancestry.com/cgi-bin/igm.cgi. Rec. Date: 25 Aug 2001, http://wc.rootsweb.com/cgi-bin/igm.cgi?op=GET&db=:3174654&id=I593872474.
23. Weis, Frederick Lewis and Walter Lee Sheppard, Jr; William R. Beall and Kaleen E. Beall, eds, Ancestral Roots of Certain American Colonists Who Came to America before 1700 (8th ed. Baltimore: Genealogical Publishing Company, 2008.), Line 1-5.
24. Weis, Frederick Lewis and Walter Lee Sheppard, Jr; William R. Beall and Kaleen E. Beall, eds, Ancestral Roots of Certain American Colonists Who Came to America before 1700 (8th ed. Baltimore: Genealogical Publishing Company, 2008.), Line 1-1.
25. Wikipedia.org, Cerdic of Wessex.
26. http://wc.rootsweb.ancestry.com/cgi-bin/igm.cgi. Rec. Date: 25 Aug 2001, http://wc.rootsweb.com/cgi-bin/igm.cgi?op=GET&db=:3174654&id=I593874541.
27. Wikipedia.org, Esla (Anglo-Saxon king). Cit. Date: 20 Sep 2009.
28. Wikipedia.org, Ceretic Guletic.
29. Wikipedia.org, Cinuit of Alt Clut.
30. http://www.familysearch.org, Compact Disc #94 Pin #105921 (submitted by Samuel Taylor "Sam" Geer).
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32. Weis, Frederick Lewis and Walter Lee Sheppard, Jr; William R. Beall and Kaleen E. Beall, eds, Ancestral Roots of Certain American Colonists Who Came to America before 1700 (8th ed. Baltimore: Genealogical Publishing Company, 2008.), Line 48-8.
33. Weis, Frederick Lewis and Walter Lee Sheppard, Jr; William R. Beall and Kaleen E. Beall, eds, Ancestral Roots of Certain American Colonists Who Came to America before 1700 (8th ed. Baltimore: Genealogical Publishing Company, 2008.), Line 48-9.