These pages represent the work of an amateur researcher and should not be used as the sole source by any other researcher. Few primary sources have been available. Corrections and contributions are encouraged and welcomed. -- Karen (Johnson) Fish

The Johnson-Wallace & Fish-Kirk Families




Thomas of Brotherton, Earl of Norfolk and Alice Hales




Husband Thomas of Brotherton, Earl of Norfolk

           Born: 1 Jun 1300
     Christened: 
           Died: 1338
         Buried: 


         Father: King Edward I of England (1239-1307) 1 2
         Mother: Marguerite of France (Abt 1275-1317/1318) 3


       Marriage: After 1316



Wife Alice Hales

           Born: 
     Christened: 
           Died: After 8 May 1316
         Buried: 


         Father: Sir Roger Hales of Harwich (      -      )
         Mother: 




Children
1 F Margaret Duchess of Norfolk

           Born: 
     Christened: 
           Died: 24 Mar 1399
         Buried: 
         Spouse: John de Segrave 4th Lord Segrave (      -1353)
         Spouse: Walter Manny 1st Lord Manny (      -      )
           Marr: After 30 May 1354



Research Notes: Husband - Thomas of Brotherton, Earl of Norfolk

Source: Ancestral Roots of Certain American Colonists Who Came to America before 1700 by Frederick Lewis Weis and Walter Lee Sheppard, Jr, ed. by William R. Beall & Kaleen E. Beall, Baltimore, 2008, Line 16-29


Research Notes: Wife - Alice Hales

Source: Ancestral Roots of Certain American Colonists Who Came to America before 1700 by Frederick Lewis Weis and Walter Lee Sheppard, Jr, ed. by William R. Beall & Kaleen E. Beall, Baltimore, 2008, Line 16-29 (Thomas of Brotherton)


Thorald Sheriff of Lincoln




Husband Thorald Sheriff of Lincoln 4

           Born: Abt 955 - <Mercia>, England
     Christened: 
           Died: 
         Buried: 
       Marriage: 



Wife

           Born: 
     Christened: 
           Died: 
         Buried: 


Children
1 F Godgifu 4 5

            AKA: Lady Godiva
           Born: Abt 1010 - <Mercia>, England
     Christened: 
           Died: 10 Sep 1067
         Buried:  - <Coventry, Warwickshire>, England
         Spouse: Leofric (0968-1057) 4 6
           Marr: by 1030



Birth Notes: Child - Godgifu

FamilySearch has b. abt. 980, Mercia.


Thored Ealdorman of York




Husband Thored Ealdorman of York 4 7 8

            AKA: Thored Gunnarsson Ealdorman of Northumbria
           Born: 
     Christened: 
           Died: After 992
         Buried: 
       Marriage: 



Wife

           Born: 
     Christened: 
           Died: 
         Buried: 


Children
1 F Ælfgifu of York 4 9 10

            AKA: Elgiva
           Born: Abt 968 - <Wessex>, England
     Christened: 
           Died: Abt 1002
         Buried: 
         Spouse: Æthelred II "the Redeless" King of England (Abt 0968-1016) 4 11 12
           Marr: 985



Research Notes: Husband - Thored Ealdorman of York

Son of either Gunnar or Oslac , northern ealdormen.

From Wikipedia - Thored :

Thored (Old English : Ðoreð or Þoreð; fl. 979-992) was a 10th century ealdorman of York , ruler of the southern half of the old Kingdom of Northumbria on behalf of the king of England . He was the son of either Gunnar or Oslac , northern ealdormen . If he was the former, he may had attained adulthood by the 960s, when a man of his name raided Westmorland . Other potential appearances in the records are likewise uncertain until 979, the point from which Thored's period as ealdorman can be accurately dated.

Although historians differ in their opinions about his relationship, if any, to Kings Edgar the Peaceable and Edward the Martyr , it is generally thought that he enjoyed a good relationship with King Æthelred II . His daughter Ælfgifu married Æthelred. Thored was ealdorman in Northumbria for much of Æthelstan 's reign, disappearing from the sources in 992 after being appointed by Æthelred to lead an expedition against the Vikings.

Origins

Thored appears to have been of at least partially Scandinavian origin, suggested by the title applied to him in the Anglo-Saxon Chronicle entry for 992. Here, the ealdorman of Hampshire is called by the English title "ealdorman", while Thored himself is styled by the Scandinavian word eorl (i.e. Earl ).[1]

Two accounts of Thored's origins have been offered by modern historians. The first is that he was a son of Oslac , ealdorman of York from 966 until his exile in 975.[2] This argument is partly based on the assertion by the Historia Eliensis , that Oslac had a son named Thorth (i.e. "Thored").[3] The other suggestion, favoured by most historians, is that he was the son of a man named Gunnar.[4] This Gunnar is known to have held land in the East and North Ridings of Yorkshire.[5]

If the latter suggestion is correct, then Thored's first appearance in history is the Anglo-Saxon Chronicle recension D (EF)'s entry for 966, which recorded the accession of Oslac to the ealdormanry of southern Northumbria:

In this year, Thored, Gunnar's son, harried Westmoringa land, and, in this same year, Oslac succeeded to the office of ealdorman.[6]

The Anglo-Saxon scholar Frank Stenton believed that this was an act of regional faction-fighting, rather than, as had been suggested by others, Thored carrying out the orders of King Edgar the Peaceable .[7] This entry is, incidentally, the first mention of Westmoringa land, that is, Westmorland .[7] Gunnar seems to have been ealdorman earlier in the decade, for in one charter (surviving only in a later cartulary ) dated to 963 and three Abingdon charters dated to 965, an ealdorman (dux) called Gunnar is mentioned.[8]

Thored may be the Thored who appears for the first time in charter attestations during the reign of King Edgar (959-75), his earliest possible appearance being in 964, witnessing a grant of land in Kent by King Edgar to St Peter's, Ghent . This is uncertain because the authenticity of this particular charter is unclear.[9] A charter issued by Edgar in 966, granting land in Oxfordshire to a woman named Ælfgifu, has an illegible ealdorman witness signature beginning with Þ, which may be Thored.[10]

Ealdorman

Thored's governorship as ealdorman, based on charter attestations, cannot be securely dated before 979.[11] He did attest royal charters during the reign of Æthelred II , the first in 979,[12] six in 983,[13] one in 984,[14] three in 985,[15] one in 988,[16] appearing in such attestations for the last time in 989.[17] It is possible that such appearances represent more than one Thored, though that is not a generally accepted theory.[18] His definite predecessor, Oslac, was expelled from England in 975.[19] The historian Richard Fletcher thought that Oslac's downfall may have been the result of opposing the succession of Edward the Martyr , enemy and brother of Æthelred II.[20] What is known about Thored's time as ealdorman is that he did not have a good relationship with Oswald , Archbishop of York (971-92). In a memorandum written by Oswald, a group of estates belonging to the archdiocese of York was listed, and Oswald noted that "I held them all until Thored came to power; then was St Peter [to whom York was dedicated] robbed".[21] One of the estates allegedly lost was Newbald , an estate given by King Edgar to a man named Gunnar, suggesting to historian Dorothy Whitelock that Thored may just have been reclaiming land "wrongly alienated from his family".[22]

His relationship with King Edgar is unclear, particularly given the uncertainty of Thored's paternity, Oslac being banished from England in 975, the year of Edgar's death.[2] Richard Fletcher, who thought Thored was the son of Gunnar, argued that Thored's raid on Westmorland was caused by resentment derived from losing out on the ealdormanry to Oslac, and that Edgar thereafter confiscated various territories as punishment.[23] The evidence for this is that Newbald, granted by Edgar to Gunnar circa 963, was bought by Archbishop Osketel from the king sometime before 971, implying that the king had seized the land.[23]

Thored's relationship with the English monarchy under Æthelred II seems to have been good. Ælfgifu, the first wife of King Æthelred II, was probably Thored's daughter.[24] Evidence for this is that in the 1150s Ailred of Rievaulx in his De genealogia regum Anglorum wrote that the wife of Æthelred II was the daughter of an ealdorman (comes) called Thored (Thorth).[25] Historian Pauline Stafford argued that this marriage was evidence that Thored had been a local rather than royal appointment to the ealdormanry of York, and that Æthelred II's marriage was an attempt to woo Thored.[26] Stafford was supported in this argument by Richard Fletcher.[27]

Death

The date of Thored's death is uncertain, but his last historical appearance came in the Anglo-Saxon Chronicle, recension C (D, E), under the year 992, which reported the death of Archbishop Oswald and an expedition against a marauding Scandinavian fleet:
In this year the holy Archbishop Oswald left this life and attained the heavenly life, and Ealdorman Æthelwine [of East Anglia] died in the same year. Then the king and all his counsellors decreed that all the ships that were any use should be assembled at London. And the king then entrusted the expedition to the leadership of Ealdorman Ælfric (of Hampshire), Earl Thored and Bishop Ælfstan [.of London or of Rochester .] and Bishop Æscwig [of Dorchester], and they were to try if they could entrap the Danish army anywhere at sea. Then Ealdorman Ælfric sent someone to warn the enemy, and then in the night before the day on which they were to have joined battle, he absconded by night from the army, to his own disgrace, and then the enemy escaped, except that the crew of one ship was slain. And then the Danish army encountered the ships from East Anglia and from London, and they made a great slaughter there and captured the ship, all armed and equipped, on which the ealdorman was.[28]

Scandinavians led by Óláfr Tryggvason had been raiding England's coast since the previous year, when they killed Ealdorman Brihtnoth of Essex at the Battle of Maldon .[29]

Historians think that Thored was either killed fighting these Scandinavians, or else survived, but became disgraced through defeat or treachery.[30] Fletcher speculated that Thored was removed from office and replaced by the Mercian Ælfhelm as a result of his failure against the Scandinavians.[31] Another historian, William Kapelle , believed Thored was removed because of his Scandinavian descent, an argument based on the Worcester Chronicle 's claim, added to the text borrowed from the Anglo-Saxon Chronicle, that Fræna, Godwine and Frythegyst fled a battle against the Danes in the following year because "they were Danish on their father's side".[32]

A man named Æthelstan who died at the Battle of Ringmere in 1010, "the king's aþum", was probably Thored's son.[33] The term aþum means either "son-in-law" or "brother-in-law", so this Æthelstan could also have been Thored's grandson by an unknown intermediary.[34] Thored's immediate successor was Ælfhelm, who appears witnessing charters as ealdorman from 994.[35]


Thorold Sheriff of Lincoln and < > Malet




Husband Thorold Sheriff of Lincoln 13

           Born: 
     Christened: 
           Died: 
         Buried: 
       Marriage: 



Wife < > Malet

           Born: 
     Christened: 
           Died: 
         Buried: 


Children
1 F Lucy of Bolingbroke 13 14 15

            AKA: Lucia
           Born: Abt 1070 - <Spalding, Lincolnshire>, England
     Christened: 
           Died: Abt 1136
         Buried: 
         Spouse: Ranulf le Meschin 3rd Earl of Chester (Abt 1070-1129) 16 17 18 19 20
           Marr: Abt 1098



Death Notes: Child - Lucy of Bolingbroke

Wikipedia has d. abt 1138


Thorstein "Galge"




Husband Thorstein "Galge" 18

           Born: Abt 955 - <Onundfjord, Norway>
     Christened: 
           Died: 
         Buried: 
       Marriage: 



Wife

           Born: 
     Christened: 
           Died: 
         Buried: 


Children
1 F Thora Thorsteinsdatter 18

           Born: Abt 972 - <Onundfjord, Norway>
     Christened: 
           Died: 
         Buried: 
         Spouse: Arni Arnmodsson (Abt 0977-1024) 18
           Marr: Abt 0090 - Giske, More Og Romsdal, Norway




Thrond




Husband Thrond 21

           Born: Abt 625 - <Trondheim, Sør-Trøndelag, (Norway)>
     Christened: 
           Died: 
         Buried: 
       Marriage: 



Wife

           Born: 
     Christened: 
           Died: 
         Buried: 


Children
1 M Eystein "Haardaade" Throndsson 21 22

           Born: Abt 668 - <Trondheim, Sør-Trøndelag, (Norway)>
     Christened: 
           Died: 710 - <(Norway)>
         Buried: 
         Spouse: Solveig Halfdansdatter (Abt 0670-      ) 21




Thurcytel




Husband Thurcytel 4 23

            AKA: Thureyitel
           Born: Abt 990 - <France>
     Christened: 
           Died: 
         Buried: 
       Marriage: 



Wife

           Born: 
     Christened: 
           Died: 
         Buried: 


Children
1 M Geoffroy de Neufmarché 4 23 24

            AKA: Geoffrey de Neufmarché
           Born: Abt 1025 - <France>
     Christened: 
           Died: 
         Buried: 
         Spouse: Ada FitzGilbert de Hugleville (Abt 1030-      ) 4 23




Thuringbert




Husband Thuringbert 25 26 27

            AKA: Thurincbertus
           Born: Abt 724 - (Germany)
     Christened: 
           Died: After 1 Jun 770
         Buried: 


         Father: Rutpert I Count in the Upper Rhine and Wormgau (Abt 0698-Bef 0764) 26 28 29
         Mother: Williswint (Abt 0700-0768) 30 31


       Marriage: 



Wife

           Born: 
     Christened: 
           Died: 
         Buried: 


Children
1 M Rutpert II Count of Wormgau and Rheingau 32 33 34 35

            AKA: Chrodobert Count of Worms and Rheingau, Robert of Hesbaye, Robert II Count of Worms and Rheingau, Rodbert II Count of Wormgau and Rheingau
           Born: Abt 750 - (Germany)
     Christened: 
           Died: 12 Jul 807
         Buried: 
         Spouse: Theoderata of Wormgau (Abt 0752-Between 0785/0789) 33 36
         Spouse: Isengard (      -After 0789) 37



Birth Notes: Husband - Thuringbert

FamilySearch has b. abt 745


Death Notes: Husband - Thuringbert

FamilySearch has d. 1 Jun 770


Birth Notes: Child - Rutpert II Count of Wormgau and Rheingau

Wikipedia has b. abt 770.


Geva Knudsson King of Denmark and Thyre "Danebod"




Husband Geva Knudsson King of Denmark 38

           Born: Abt 840 - Denmark
     Christened: 
           Died: Abt 940 - Jellinge, Vejle, Denmark
         Buried:  - Gormshoj, Jellinge, Vejle, Denmark


         Father: Knud Sigurdsson (Abt 0814-      ) 38
         Mother: 


       Marriage: Abt 897 - Denmark



Wife Thyre "Danebod" 38

           Born: Abt 844 - Denmark
     Christened: 
           Died: Abt 935 - Jellinge, Vejle, Denmark
         Buried:  - Jellinghojene, Jellinge, Vejle, Denmark


Children
1 M Harald "the Blue Tooth" Gormsson King of Denmark 38 39

            AKA: Harald I of Denmark, Harald I "Bluetooth" King of Denmark
           Born: Abt 910 - Denmark
     Christened: 
           Died: 1 Nov 987
         Buried: 
         Spouse: Gyrid Olafsdottir (Abt 0930-      ) 38 40
           Marr: by 950




Tiberius Roman Emperor




Husband Tiberius Roman Emperor 41

           Born: 41 B.C.
     Christened: 
           Died: 16 Mar 37
         Buried: 


         Father: 
         Mother: Livia (      -      ) 42


       Marriage: 



Wife

           Born: 
     Christened: 
           Died: 
         Buried: 


Children
1 M Drusus

           Born: Abt 0022 B.C.
     Christened: 
           Died: 0023
         Buried: 
         Spouse: Anotonia "the Younger" (      -      ) 43




Sources


1. Wikipedia.org, Edward I of England.

2. Weis, Frederick Lewis and Walter Lee Sheppard, Jr; William R. Beall and Kaleen E. Beall, eds, Ancestral Roots of Certain American Colonists Who Came to America before 1700 (8th ed. Baltimore: Genealogical Publishing Company, 2008.), Line 1-27.

3. Weis, Frederick Lewis and Walter Lee Sheppard, Jr; William R. Beall and Kaleen E. Beall, eds, Ancestral Roots of Certain American Colonists Who Came to America before 1700 (8th ed. Baltimore: Genealogical Publishing Company, 2008.), Line 155-30.

4. http://www.familysearch.org, Cit. Date: 17 Jul 2009.

5. Weis, Frederick Lewis and Walter Lee Sheppard, Jr; William R. Beall and Kaleen E. Beall, eds, Ancestral Roots of Certain American Colonists Who Came to America before 1700 (8th ed. Baltimore: Genealogical Publishing Company, 2008.), Line 176A-2 (Leofric).

6. Weis, Frederick Lewis and Walter Lee Sheppard, Jr; William R. Beall and Kaleen E. Beall, eds, Ancestral Roots of Certain American Colonists Who Came to America before 1700 (8th ed. Baltimore: Genealogical Publishing Company, 2008.), Line 176A-2.

7. Weis, Frederick Lewis and Walter Lee Sheppard, Jr; William R. Beall and Kaleen E. Beall, eds, Ancestral Roots of Certain American Colonists Who Came to America before 1700 (8th ed. Baltimore: Genealogical Publishing Company, 2008.), Line 1-18 (Aethelred II).

8. Wikipedia.org, Thored. Cit. Date: 6 Oct 2009.

9. Weis, Frederick Lewis and Walter Lee Sheppard, Jr; William R. Beall and Kaleen E. Beall, eds, Ancestral Roots of Certain American Colonists Who Came to America before 1700 (8th ed. Baltimore: Genealogical Publishing Company, 2008.), Line 1-18 (Ethelred II).

10. Wikipedia.org, Ælfgifu of York.

11. Weis, Frederick Lewis and Walter Lee Sheppard, Jr; William R. Beall and Kaleen E. Beall, eds, Ancestral Roots of Certain American Colonists Who Came to America before 1700 (8th ed. Baltimore: Genealogical Publishing Company, 2008.), Line 1-18, 34-19.

12. Wikipedia.org, Ethelred "the Unready."

13. Wikipedia.org, Lucy of Bolingbroke. Cit. Date: 3 Sep 2009.

14. Weis, Frederick Lewis and Walter Lee Sheppard, Jr; William R. Beall and Kaleen E. Beall, eds, Ancestral Roots of Certain American Colonists Who Came to America before 1700 (8th ed. Baltimore: Genealogical Publishing Company, 2008.), Line 132A-26 (Ranulph III).

15. http://www.familysearch.org.

16. Weis, Frederick Lewis and Walter Lee Sheppard, Jr; William R. Beall and Kaleen E. Beall, eds, Ancestral Roots of Certain American Colonists Who Came to America before 1700 (8th ed. Baltimore: Genealogical Publishing Company, 2008.), Line 132A-26, 132D-26.

17. Browning, Charles Henry, The Magna Charta Barons and their American Descendants (Philadelphia, 1898.), pp. 86-87.

18. http://www.familysearch.org, Cit. Date: 25 Jul 2009.

19. Wikipedia.org, Ranulf le Meschin, 3rd Earl of Chester.

20. Website - Genealogy, thepeerage.com. Cit. Date: 7 Feb 2011.

21. http://www.familysearch.org, Cit. Date: 19 Jul 2009.

22. Website - Genealogy, http://www.smokykin.com/ged/f002/f50/a0025026.htm.

23. Weis, Frederick Lewis and Walter Lee Sheppard, Jr; William R. Beall and Kaleen E. Beall, eds, Ancestral Roots of Certain American Colonists Who Came to America before 1700 (8th ed. Baltimore: Genealogical Publishing Company, 2008.), Line 177-3 (Nesta).

24. Wikipedia.org, Bernard de Neufmarché.

25. Weis, Frederick Lewis and Walter Lee Sheppard, Jr; William R. Beall and Kaleen E. Beall, eds, Ancestral Roots of Certain American Colonists Who Came to America before 1700 (8th ed. Baltimore: Genealogical Publishing Company, 2008.), Line 48-14.

26. http://www.familysearch.org, Cit. Date: 24 Jul 2009.

27. http://wc.rootsweb.ancestry.com/cgi-bin/igm.cgi. Rec. Date: 25 Aug 2001, http://wc.rootsweb.com/cgi-bin/igm.cgi?op=GET&db=:3174654&id=I593872399.

28. Weis, Frederick Lewis and Walter Lee Sheppard, Jr; William R. Beall and Kaleen E. Beall, eds, Ancestral Roots of Certain American Colonists Who Came to America before 1700 (8th ed. Baltimore: Genealogical Publishing Company, 2008.), Line 48-13.

29. http://wc.rootsweb.ancestry.com/cgi-bin/igm.cgi. Rec. Date: 25 Aug 2001, http://wc.rootsweb.com/cgi-bin/igm.cgi?op=GET&db=:3174654&id=I593872400.

30. Weis, Frederick Lewis and Walter Lee Sheppard, Jr; William R. Beall and Kaleen E. Beall, eds, Ancestral Roots of Certain American Colonists Who Came to America before 1700 (8th ed. Baltimore: Genealogical Publishing Company, 2008.), Line 48-13 (Rutpert I).

31. http://wc.rootsweb.ancestry.com/cgi-bin/igm.cgi. Rec. Date: 25 Aug 2001, http://wc.rootsweb.com/cgi-bin/igm.cgi?op=GET&db=:3174654&id=I593872401.

32. Weis, Frederick Lewis and Walter Lee Sheppard, Jr; William R. Beall and Kaleen E. Beall, eds, Ancestral Roots of Certain American Colonists Who Came to America before 1700 (8th ed. Baltimore: Genealogical Publishing Company, 2008.), Line 48-15.

33. http://www.familysearch.org, Cit. Date: 23 Jul 2009.

34. Wikipedia.org, Robert of Hesbaye. Cit. Date: 23 Jul 2009.

35. http://wc.rootsweb.ancestry.com/cgi-bin/igm.cgi. Rec. Date: 25 Aug 2001, http://wc.rootsweb.com/cgi-bin/igm.cgi?op=GET&db=:3174654&id=I593872397.

36. http://wc.rootsweb.ancestry.com/cgi-bin/igm.cgi. Rec. Date: 25 Aug 2001, http://wc.rootsweb.com/cgi-bin/igm.cgi?op=GET&db=:3174654&id=I593872398.

37. Weis, Frederick Lewis and Walter Lee Sheppard, Jr; William R. Beall and Kaleen E. Beall, eds, Ancestral Roots of Certain American Colonists Who Came to America before 1700 (8th ed. Baltimore: Genealogical Publishing Company, 2008.), Line 48-15 (Rutpert II).

38. http://www.familysearch.org, Cit. Date: 26 Jul 2009.

39. Wikipedia.org, Harald I of Denmark.

40. Wikipedia.org, Harald I of Denmark. Cit. Date: 26 Jul 2009.

41. http://wc.rootsweb.ancestry.com/cgi-bin/igm.cgi. Rec. Date: 25 Aug 2001, http://wc.rootsweb.com/cgi-bin/igm.cgi?op=GET&db=:3174654&id=I593876233.

42. http://wc.rootsweb.ancestry.com/cgi-bin/igm.cgi. Rec. Date: 25 Aug 2001, http://wc.rootsweb.com/cgi-bin/igm.cgi?op=GET&db=:3174654&id=I593876234.

43. http://wc.rootsweb.ancestry.com/cgi-bin/igm.cgi. Rec. Date: 25 Aug 2001, http://wc.rootsweb.com/cgi-bin/igm.cgi?op=GET&db=:3174654&id=I593873369.


Sources


1 <i>Wikipedia.org</i>, Edward I of England.

2 Weis, Frederick Lewis and Walter Lee Sheppard, Jr; William R. Beall and Kaleen E. Beall, eds, <i>Ancestral Roots of Certain American Colonists Who Came to America before 1700</i> (8th ed. Baltimore: Genealogical Publishing Company, 2008.), Line 1-27.

3 Weis, Frederick Lewis and Walter Lee Sheppard, Jr; William R. Beall and Kaleen E. Beall, eds, <i>Ancestral Roots of Certain American Colonists Who Came to America before 1700</i> (8th ed. Baltimore: Genealogical Publishing Company, 2008.), Line 155-30.

4 <i>http://www.familysearch.org</i>, Cit. Date: 17 Jul 2009.

5 Weis, Frederick Lewis and Walter Lee Sheppard, Jr; William R. Beall and Kaleen E. Beall, eds, <i>Ancestral Roots of Certain American Colonists Who Came to America before 1700</i> (8th ed. Baltimore: Genealogical Publishing Company, 2008.), Line 176A-2 (Leofric).

6 Weis, Frederick Lewis and Walter Lee Sheppard, Jr; William R. Beall and Kaleen E. Beall, eds, <i>Ancestral Roots of Certain American Colonists Who Came to America before 1700</i> (8th ed. Baltimore: Genealogical Publishing Company, 2008.), Line 176A-2.

7 Weis, Frederick Lewis and Walter Lee Sheppard, Jr; William R. Beall and Kaleen E. Beall, eds, <i>Ancestral Roots of Certain American Colonists Who Came to America before 1700</i> (8th ed. Baltimore: Genealogical Publishing Company, 2008.), Line 1-18 (Aethelred II).

8 <i>Wikipedia.org</i>, Thored. Cit. Date: 6 Oct 2009.

9 Weis, Frederick Lewis and Walter Lee Sheppard, Jr; William R. Beall and Kaleen E. Beall, eds, <i>Ancestral Roots of Certain American Colonists Who Came to America before 1700</i> (8th ed. Baltimore: Genealogical Publishing Company, 2008.), Line 1-18 (Ethelred II).

10 <i>Wikipedia.org</i>, Ælfgifu of York.

11 Weis, Frederick Lewis and Walter Lee Sheppard, Jr; William R. Beall and Kaleen E. Beall, eds, <i>Ancestral Roots of Certain American Colonists Who Came to America before 1700</i> (8th ed. Baltimore: Genealogical Publishing Company, 2008.), Line 1-18, 34-19.

12 <i>Wikipedia.org</i>, Ethelred "the Unready."

13 <i>Wikipedia.org</i>, Lucy of Bolingbroke. Cit. Date: 3 Sep 2009.

14 Weis, Frederick Lewis and Walter Lee Sheppard, Jr; William R. Beall and Kaleen E. Beall, eds, <i>Ancestral Roots of Certain American Colonists Who Came to America before 1700</i> (8th ed. Baltimore: Genealogical Publishing Company, 2008.), Line 132A-26 (Ranulph III).

15 <i>http://www.familysearch.org</i>.

16 Weis, Frederick Lewis and Walter Lee Sheppard, Jr; William R. Beall and Kaleen E. Beall, eds, <i>Ancestral Roots of Certain American Colonists Who Came to America before 1700</i> (8th ed. Baltimore: Genealogical Publishing Company, 2008.), Line 132A-26, 132D-26.

17 Browning, Charles Henry, <i>The Magna Charta Barons and their American Descendants</i> (Philadelphia, 1898.), pp. 86-87.

18 <i>http://www.familysearch.org</i>, Cit. Date: 25 Jul 2009.

19 <i>Wikipedia.org</i>, Ranulf le Meschin, 3rd Earl of Chester.

20 Website - Genealogy, thepeerage.com. Cit. Date: 7 Feb 2011.

21 <i>http://www.familysearch.org</i>, Cit. Date: 19 Jul 2009.

22 Website - Genealogy, http://www.smokykin.com/ged/f002/f50/a0025026.htm.

23 Weis, Frederick Lewis and Walter Lee Sheppard, Jr; William R. Beall and Kaleen E. Beall, eds, <i>Ancestral Roots of Certain American Colonists Who Came to America before 1700</i> (8th ed. Baltimore: Genealogical Publishing Company, 2008.), Line 177-3 (Nesta).

24 <i>Wikipedia.org</i>, Bernard de Neufmarché.

25 Weis, Frederick Lewis and Walter Lee Sheppard, Jr; William R. Beall and Kaleen E. Beall, eds, <i>Ancestral Roots of Certain American Colonists Who Came to America before 1700</i> (8th ed. Baltimore: Genealogical Publishing Company, 2008.), Line 48-14.

26 <i>http://www.familysearch.org</i>, Cit. Date: 24 Jul 2009.

27 <i>http://wc.rootsweb.ancestry.com/cgi-bin/igm.cgi</i>. Rec. Date: 25 Aug 2001, http://wc.rootsweb.com/cgi-bin/igm.cgi?op=GET&db=:3174654&id=I593872399.

28 Weis, Frederick Lewis and Walter Lee Sheppard, Jr; William R. Beall and Kaleen E. Beall, eds, <i>Ancestral Roots of Certain American Colonists Who Came to America before 1700</i> (8th ed. Baltimore: Genealogical Publishing Company, 2008.), Line 48-13.

29 <i>http://wc.rootsweb.ancestry.com/cgi-bin/igm.cgi</i>. Rec. Date: 25 Aug 2001, http://wc.rootsweb.com/cgi-bin/igm.cgi?op=GET&db=:3174654&id=I593872400.

30 Weis, Frederick Lewis and Walter Lee Sheppard, Jr; William R. Beall and Kaleen E. Beall, eds, <i>Ancestral Roots of Certain American Colonists Who Came to America before 1700</i> (8th ed. Baltimore: Genealogical Publishing Company, 2008.), Line 48-13 (Rutpert I).

31 <i>http://wc.rootsweb.ancestry.com/cgi-bin/igm.cgi</i>. Rec. Date: 25 Aug 2001, http://wc.rootsweb.com/cgi-bin/igm.cgi?op=GET&db=:3174654&id=I593872401.

32 Weis, Frederick Lewis and Walter Lee Sheppard, Jr; William R. Beall and Kaleen E. Beall, eds, <i>Ancestral Roots of Certain American Colonists Who Came to America before 1700</i> (8th ed. Baltimore: Genealogical Publishing Company, 2008.), Line 48-15.

33 <i>http://www.familysearch.org</i>, Cit. Date: 23 Jul 2009.

34 <i>Wikipedia.org</i>, Robert of Hesbaye. Cit. Date: 23 Jul 2009.

35 <i>http://wc.rootsweb.ancestry.com/cgi-bin/igm.cgi</i>. Rec. Date: 25 Aug 2001, http://wc.rootsweb.com/cgi-bin/igm.cgi?op=GET&db=:3174654&id=I593872397.

36 <i>http://wc.rootsweb.ancestry.com/cgi-bin/igm.cgi</i>. Rec. Date: 25 Aug 2001, http://wc.rootsweb.com/cgi-bin/igm.cgi?op=GET&db=:3174654&id=I593872398.

37 Weis, Frederick Lewis and Walter Lee Sheppard, Jr; William R. Beall and Kaleen E. Beall, eds, <i>Ancestral Roots of Certain American Colonists Who Came to America before 1700</i> (8th ed. Baltimore: Genealogical Publishing Company, 2008.), Line 48-15 (Rutpert II).

38 <i>http://www.familysearch.org</i>, Cit. Date: 26 Jul 2009.

39 <i>Wikipedia.org</i>, Harald I of Denmark.

40 <i>Wikipedia.org</i>, Harald I of Denmark. Cit. Date: 26 Jul 2009.

41 <i>http://wc.rootsweb.ancestry.com/cgi-bin/igm.cgi</i>. Rec. Date: 25 Aug 2001, http://wc.rootsweb.com/cgi-bin/igm.cgi?op=GET&db=:3174654&id=I593876233.

42 <i>http://wc.rootsweb.ancestry.com/cgi-bin/igm.cgi</i>. Rec. Date: 25 Aug 2001, http://wc.rootsweb.com/cgi-bin/igm.cgi?op=GET&db=:3174654&id=I593876234.

43 <i>http://wc.rootsweb.ancestry.com/cgi-bin/igm.cgi</i>. Rec. Date: 25 Aug 2001, http://wc.rootsweb.com/cgi-bin/igm.cgi?op=GET&db=:3174654&id=I593873369.


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