Husband Benjamin Wells 1 2
AKA: Benjamen Wells
Born: 7 May 1723 - Baltimore, Baltimore, Maryland, (United States)
Christened:
Died: 16 Feb 1795 - Ohio, (West) Virginia, United States
Buried:
Father: Charles Wells (Abt 1702-1738) 3 4
Mother: Sarah Wright (Abt 1686-Abt 1792) 5 6
Marriage: May 1743 - St. Paul's Church, Baltimore Co., Maryland, (United States)
Events
• Inventoried: the estate of Henry Owings with Thomas Gist, 22 Oct 1764, Baltimore Co., Maryland, (United States).
• Will: 1794.
Wife Temperance Butler 7
Born: 17 Jun 1726 - Baltimore, Baltimore, Maryland, United States
Christened: - St. Thomas Church, Baltimore, Baltimore, Maryland, United States
Died: 19 Feb 1800 - Baltimore, Baltimore, Maryland, United States
Buried: - St. Paul's Church, Baltimore, Baltimore Co., Maryland, United States
Father: Henry Butler (1689-1746)
Mother: Susannah White (Between 1693/1695-1769)
Children
1 M <Captain> Charles Wells 1 4 8
Born: 6 Apr 1745 - Baltimore Co., Maryland, (United States)
Christened:
Died: 16 Apr 1815 - Sistersville, Tyler, (West) Virginia, United States
Buried: - Wells Cemetery, Sistersville, Tyler, (West) Virginia, United States
Spouse: Michal Owings (1745-1783) 9
Marr: 27 Dec 1764 - St. Thomas Church, Baltimore, Baltimore, Maryland, United States
Spouse: Elizabeth Prather (1765-1845) 4
Marr: 24 Jul 1784
2 M Benjamin Wells Jr. 1 10
Born: Between 1746 and 1747 - Baltimore Co., Maryland, (United States)
Christened:
Died: 1801
Buried:
3 M Absolom Wells 6 11 12
Born: 11 Jul 1755 - Baltimore Co., Maryland, (United States)
Christened:
Died: 23 Dec 1820 - Beach Bottom, Wellsburg, Brooke Co., (West) Virginia, United States
Buried: - Brooke Cemetery, Wellsburg, Brooke, West Virginia, United States
Spouse: Michal Wells (1759-1831) 13 14
4 F Sarah Wells
Born: Between 1755 and 1760 - Baltimore Co., Maryland, (United States)
Christened:
Died: - Baltimore Co., Maryland, (United States)
Buried:
5 M Nicholas Wells
Born: 1757
Christened:
Died: Bef 1794
Buried:
Spouse: Providence Talbot ( - )
Marr: Oct 1782
6 F Achsah Wells 8 15 16
AKA: Nacky Wells
Born: Abt 1759 - Baltimore Co., Maryland, (United States)
Christened:
Died: 25 Mar 1789 or 1790 - Baltimore Co., Maryland, (United States)
Buried:
Spouse: Lt. Richard Talbott (1753-1821) 17 18
Marr: 15 Aug 1778 - Maryland, United States
7 M Amon Wells 1
Born: 1762 - Baltimore Co., Maryland, (United States)
Christened:
Died: 27 Jun 1829 - (Brooke), West Virginia, United States
Buried:
8 M John Wells 19
Born: Abt 1763
Christened:
Died:
Buried:
9 M <Captain> William Wells 20 21
Born: 25 Jul 1765 - Wells Manor, Baltimore Co., Maryland, (United States)
Christened:
Died: 29 Apr 1840 - Stonehurst, (Tyler), (West) Virginia, United States
Buried:
Spouse: Catherine Sellman (1760-1816) 22
Marr: 1787 - Fort Pitt, Ohio, Virginia, United States
Spouse: Margaret Ankrom (1786-1868)
Marr: 2 Oct 1821 - Tyler Co., (West) Virginia, United States
10 M Caleb Wells 1
Born: 1771 - Baltimore Co., Maryland, (United States)
Christened:
Died: <5 Dec> 1861 - Morgan Co., Ohio, United States
Buried: - <Emery Cemetery, Morgan Co., Ohio>, United States 23
Birth Notes: Husband - Benjamin Wells
Source http://familytreemaker.genealogy.com/users/s/t/e/Sharon-J-Stevenson/WEBSITE-0001/UHP-0982.html has born 7 May 1724.
Death Notes: Husband - Benjamin Wells
Death date 16 Feb 1795 from Wm. Wlls/Historical Record Survey Ohio County, West Virginia (23884, pt1) Book 1, p.28. This date & place are also published in Source: http://homepages.rootsweb.ancestry.com/~digging/index.html.
Source http://familytreemaker.genealogy.com/users/s/t/e/Sharon-J-Stevenson/WEBSITE-0001/UHP-0105.html has d. 16 Feb 1795 in Independence, Pennsylvania.
FamilySearch.org AFN: 99JT-77 and Compact Disc #99 Pin #236798
(Debbie Finelli) has d. 26 Nov 1794 in Independence, Pennsylvania.
Research Notes: Husband - Benjamin Wells
"Big Wells" family line
From Inhabitants of Baltimore County 1763-1774, pp. 1-2:
"A List of Taxables in St. Thomas Parish in the Year 1763
The Tax List of 1763 for St. Thomas Parish was found by William N. Wilkins in 1959 in the Harford County Historical records on loan at the Maryland Historical Society. (Harford County was part of Baltimore County until 1773.) ... This 1763 tax ledger shows the names of the various parties against whom charges were made for apparent church and county support and other sundry charges... The notation 'run' meant that the person named had left before paying his full charges.
Soldiers Delight Hundred, 1763
[Among those listed are:]
Owings, Thomas
Owings, Joshua
Owings, Joshua Jr.
Owings, Stephen
Owings, Henry
Stinchcomb, John
Stinchcomb, Nathaniel
Wells, Thomas
Wells, John
Wells, Benjamin
Wells, Charles
Ibid., pp. 16-23:
"INDEX TO AQUILA HALL'S ASSESSMENT LEDGER, 1762-1765
Aquila Hall was High Sheriff of Baltimore County and after Harford County separated from Baltimore County in 1773 he was appointed Colonel of Militia and one of the Lord Justices of the new county of Harford from 1774 to 1779. While serving as Sheriff of Baltimore County he compiled a tax assessment ledger of 145 pages which named 1,380 persons, their land tracts, and their assessments... Its index contains the following names...
"…John Barnes, William Barnes, Joseph Barnes,… Adam Barnes…
"William Cockey,... Joshua Cockey,... Edward Cockey,...
"…John Hammond Dorsey,... John Hammond Dorsey,… Vincent Dorsey heirs,… Charles Dorsey,… Andrew Dorsey,… Joshual Dorsey,… Caleb Dorsey, Bazil Dorsey, Edward Dorsey,... Caleb Dorsey,... Richard Dorsey,... Vachell Dorsey,… John Dorsey,...
"…Samuel Owings,... John Owings, Joshua Owings,... Sarah Owings,... Stephen Owings,... Samuel Owings,... Elijah Owings,... Henry Owings,...
"…Christopher Randell,... John Ridgley,... Charles Ridgley, Jr.,...
"…Capt. John Stinchcombe,... Nathan Stinchcombe,...
"…Edmund Talbott, Thomas Talbott,... William Talbott's heirs, …Philip Thomas,... John Talbott, …Edward Talbott,...
"…Samuel Underwood,...
"…Benjamin Wells,... James Wells,... William Wells, James Wells, Jr.,... Charles Wells,... Elex Wells..."
Ibid., pp. 27-41:
"JOPPA COURTHOUSE PETITION OF 1768
"The petitions for and against the removal of the county seat of Baltimore County from Joppa to Baltimore Town in 1768 are discussed at length in the Archives of Maryland, Vol. 61 (Appendix). Notices were posted in January, 1768 at the door of the courthouse in Joppa, at the church door of St. Paul's Parish, at the church door of St. Thomas' Parish, at the church door of St. John's Parish, at the church door of St. George's Parish, at the door of the chapel of St. George's Parish, at the door of the chapel of St. John's Parish, and at the house called St. Thomas' Chapel in St. Thomas' Parish, by Absalom Butler and sworn to before the Honorable Benjamin Rogers. Notices were printed in English and German. Tabulations indicate that 2,271 voted for the removal of the courthouse, and 901 voted against it. (It should be noted that some signatures are missing due to the disintegration of the paper, and there also appears to be some who signed more than once.) Five years later, Harford County separated from Baltimore County and set up its court house at Bush (Harford Town) in 1774 and at Bel Air in 1782.
"SIGNERS FOR THE REMOVAL OF THE COUNTY SEAT TO BALTIMORE TOWN (1768)...
"...Thomas Cockey...Joshua Owings...Charles Ridgely... Samuel Owings... John Cockey... Benjamin Wells, Charles Wells... George Wells... Caleb Warfield, Nathaniel Stinchcomb... William Coale...Christopher Randall, Jr.... J. Cockey Owings... William Wells, Jr.... William Wells...Edward Talbott... Edward Cockey... Benjamin Talbott... Charles Ridgely (son William)... Elisha Dorsey... Alexander Wells, Nathaniel Owings...Nathaniel Stinchcomb, Sr....Lott Owings... Anthony Arnold... Richard Owings... William Cockey... John Talbott (son Edward)... Richard Owings... William Slade... Edward Talbot... Vachel Dorsey... Christopher Owings, Richard Owings... Edward Dorsey (son John)... Lancelott Dorsey, Charles Dorsey (son Nathan), Ely Dorsey... Henry Dorsey...Samuel Dorsey, Jr.... Joshua Owings, Jr.... Samuel Owings... John Wells... Thomas Owings... Henry Butler... George Dorsey...
"SIGNERS AGAINST THE REMOVAL OF THE COUNTY SEAT TO BALTIMORE TOWN (1768)...
Greenbury Dorsey, Jr....William Wells..."
Ibid., pp. 80-81:
"A LIST OF TAXABLES FOR PATAPSCO UPPER HUNDRE, IN BALTIMORE COUNTY TAKEN BY ABRAHAM WALKER, CONSTABLE, 1773"
[Among those listed:]
Dorsey's Forge: Elam Bailey; James Crow; Ezekiel Wilson; Philip Neau; Thomas Wood; Robert Buckel; William Nailer; John jenkins; Era Evans; James Atwood; John Goodard; William Nailer; Eoelin Smith, Thomas Ellis, and 9 negroes.
Ridgeley, Charles, son of William, exer. to Samuel Norwood, decd.; Richard Wilmott; John Braddon; 10 Negroes
Wells, Benjamin; Negro Alexander
Burial Notes: Child - <Captain> Charles Wells
Grave inscription reads:
"Charles Wells, born April 6, 1745; died April 6, 1815: aged 70 years. and ten days; a native of Baltimore County Maryland; immigrated to Ohio County, Virginia, 1776. He was a practical farmer and the father of twenty-two children, two wives, ten by the first and twelve by the second."
Death Notes: Child - Absolom Wells
Death date may be 22 Dec 1820 (findagrave.com).
Death Notes: Child - Achsah Wells
Predeceased her father and mother.
Birth Notes: Child - Caleb Wells
Inhabitants of Baltimore Co. has his birth year as 1771. However, if this is the Caleb Wells buried in Emery Cemetery, he was born around 1765.
Burial Notes: Child - Caleb Wells
FindaGrave.com contains a Caleb Wells buried in Emery Cemetery, Morgan Co., Ohio.
Birth: unknown
Death: Dec. 5, 1861
Aged 96y
His age would place his birth year at 1765.
Husband Theobald Butler 24
AKA: Theobald le Boteler
Born: Abt 1242
Christened:
Died: 26 Sep 1285
Buried:
Father: Theobald le Boteler ( -1248) 25
Mother: Margery de Burgh ( - ) 24
Marriage: Abt 1268
Wife Joan FitzJohn 26
AKA: Joan FitzGeoffrey, Joan Fitz John
Born:
Christened:
Died: 4 May 1303
Buried:
Father: John FitzGeoffrey of Fambridge, Essex (Abt 1215-1258) 27 28
Mother: Isabel Bigod (Abt 1212-1250) 29 30
Children
1 M Edmund Botiller Justiciar and Governor of Ireland
AKA: Edmund Butler
Born:
Christened:
Died: 13 Sep 1321 - London, England
Buried:
Spouse: Joan FitzGerald ( - ) 31
Marr: 1302
Research Notes: Wife - Joan FitzJohn
Source: Wikipedia - John FitzGeoffrey
Husband Joseph Lasby [Jr.] 32
Born: 4 Nov 1846 - Ponsonby, Nichol Twp, Wellington, Canada West (Ontario), Canada
Christened:
Died: 31 Jan 1880 - Peel Twp, Wellington, Ontario, Canada
Buried:
Father: Joseph Lasby (1810-1878) 33 34
Mother: Matilda Crowder (1818-1854) 35
Marriage:
Events
• Residence: 1871, Pilkington Twp, Wellington, Ontario, Canada.
• Owned: (probably) Lots 6S (30 acres) and 5S (50 acres) in Concession IV, 1877, Pilkington Twp, Wellington, Ontario, Canada.
Wife Mary Bye
Born: 5 Apr 1848 - <Ponsonby Twp, Wellington, Canada West (Ontario), Canada>
Christened:
Died: 31 Dec 1876 - <Ponsonby Twp, Wellington, Ontario, Canada>
Buried: - Ponsonby Pioneer Cemetery, Ponsonby, Nichol Twp, Wellington, Ontario, Canada 36
Children
1 M Albert Lasby 37
Born: 30 Nov 1869 - Wellington, Ontario, Canada
Christened:
Died:
Buried:
2 M William Lasby 38
Born: 30 Dec 1870 - Pilkington, Wellington, Ontario, Canada
Christened:
Died:
Buried:
3 M Frank Ware Lasby 39
Born:
Christened: 15 Dec 1876 - Ontario, Canada
Died:
Buried:
Research Notes: Husband - Joseph Lasby [Jr.]
From Excerpts from....The Lasby Story
by Bill Lasby, Toronto, Canada.. June 18, 1969
(original is 9 typed pages)
at http://www.angelfire.com/in3/vanbrink/lasby.html
The next son, Joseph, married Mary Bye. This family moved to western Canada. I do not have much detail on this family.
-----------
According to D. L. van den Brink, the plat map shows "J. Lasby" to the immediate south of "W. Bye." Either Joseph Lasby or James Marshall Lasby was married to Mary Bye. Both are given as husbands at http://www.angelfire.com/in3/vanbrink/lasby.html.
Burial Notes: Wife - Mary Bye
Mary wife of Joseph Labby D. Dec. 31st, 1876, 28 yrs., 8 mos., 25 days.
James Barry Ariss at http://freepages.history.rootsweb.ancestry.com/~clifford/Wellington.htm#Nichol%20Township writes:
Is of the right hand end of the tombstones of the upper course and the stone is probably that of Mary LASBY. The inscription was difficult to interpret, but we read it to be: In remembrance / Mary / -- - / Joseph / ___ / who died Dec 31, 1876 / aged 28 yrs 8 / mos & 25 dys
This was followed by an epitaph which we did not transcribe.
Marjorie Dow recorded the inscription as: In Memory of Mary beloved wife of Joseph LASBY / who died Dec 31 1876 / ae 28 yrs 8 mos 25 dys
Research Notes: Wife - Mary Bye
From http://www.angelfire.com/in3/vanbrink/lasby.html:
"The next son, Joseph, married Mary Bye. This family moved to western Canada. I do not have much detail on this family."
-----------
According to D. L. van den Brink, the plat map shows "J. Lasby" to the immediate south of "W. Bye." Either Joseph Lasby or James Marshall Lasby was married to Mary Bye. Both are given as husbands at http://www.angelfire.com/in3/vanbrink/lasby.html.
Husband Skip Frank (details suppressed for this person)
Born:
Christened:
Died:
Buried:
Marriage:
Wife April Lee Bynum (details suppressed for this person)
Born:
Christened:
Died:
Buried:
Father: Barney Franklin Bynum Jr. (1922-2009)
Mother: Ardis Patricia Johnson
Children
Husband Barney Franklin Bynum Jr. 40
Born: 25 Mar 1922 - Dallas, Dallas, Texas, United States
Christened:
Died: 25 May 2009 - Richland, Benton, Washington, United States 41
Buried:
Father: Barney Franklin Bynum Sr. 42
Mother: Clara Simpson 42
Marriage:
Wife Ardis Patricia Johnson (details suppressed for this person)
Born:
Christened:
Died:
Buried:
Father: John Chris Johnson (1880-1955)
Mother: Ethel Venita Allen ( -After 1973)
Children
1 F April Lee Bynum (details suppressed for this person)
Born:
Christened:
Died:
Buried:
Spouse: Skip Frank (living)
2 M Chris Bynum (details suppressed for this person)
Born:
Christened:
Died:
Buried:
Spouse: Mamie (living)
3 F Brenda Lynn Bynum (details suppressed for this person)
Born:
Christened:
Died:
Buried:
Spouse: Jerry Herron (living)
Spouse: David (living)
Death Notes: Husband - Barney Franklin Bynum Jr.
Obituary from Long Beach Press-Telegram, Sunday, May 31, 2009:
Barney Franklin Bynum Born March 25, 1922 in Dallas, TX, died May 22, 2009 in Richland, WA. Survived by wife, Ardis; children, Chris (Mamie) Bynum, Ap ril (Skip) Frank, Brenda (Jerry) Herron; grandchildren, Jill Bynum, Jan Avina, Russell Pearce, Beth Anderson, Emily Edgett, Nicole Herron; 4 great-grandchildren; and sister, Juanita Fuller. Barney served overseas in the Navy during WWII. He married Ardis Johnson in 1946. He retired from GTE (Verizon) after 38 years. He was a 33 degree Mason and was past Master of the Long Beach, CA Lodge as well as many years as secretary. Barney was a recipient of the highest order given in Masonry - the Hiram Award. He wa s also a member of the Scottish Rite where he served as head of the sound crew for many years. He gave many hours of devoted service to both organizations. He was a regular blood donor to the Red Cross for many years and received his "100 pints" pin. He was a former resident of Long Beach and Lakewood, CA from 1945-2007. He recently lived in Richland, WA.
Husband Barney Franklin Bynum Sr. (details suppressed for this person)
Born:
Christened:
Died:
Buried:
Marriage:
Wife Clara Simpson (details suppressed for this person)
Born:
Christened:
Died:
Buried:
Children
1 M Barney Franklin Bynum Jr. (details suppressed for this person)
Born:
Christened:
Died:
Buried:
Spouse: Ardis Patricia Johnson (living)
Death Notes: Child - Barney Franklin Bynum Jr.
Obituary from Long Beach Press-Telegram, Sunday, May 31, 2009:
Barney Franklin Bynum Born March 25, 1922 in Dallas, TX, died May 22, 2009 in Richland, WA. Survived by wife, Ardis; children, Chris (Mamie) Bynum, Ap ril (Skip) Frank, Brenda (Jerry) Herron; grandchildren, Jill Bynum, Jan Avina, Russell Pearce, Beth Anderson, Emily Edgett, Nicole Herron; 4 great-grandchildren; and sister, Juanita Fuller. Barney served overseas in the Navy during WWII. He married Ardis Johnson in 1946. He retired from GTE (Verizon) after 38 years. He was a 33 degree Mason and was past Master of the Long Beach, CA Lodge as well as many years as secretary. Barney was a recipient of the highest order given in Masonry - the Hiram Award. He wa s also a member of the Scottish Rite where he served as head of the sound crew for many years. He gave many hours of devoted service to both organizations. He was a regular blood donor to the Red Cross for many years and received his "100 pints" pin. He was a former resident of Long Beach and Lakewood, CA from 1945-2007. He recently lived in Richland, WA.
Husband Jerry Herron (details suppressed for this person)
Born:
Christened:
Died:
Buried:
Marriage:
Wife Brenda Lynn Bynum (details suppressed for this person)
Born:
Christened:
Died:
Buried:
Father: Barney Franklin Bynum Jr. (1922-2009)
Mother: Ardis Patricia Johnson
Other Spouse: David
Children
1 F Nicole Herron (details suppressed for this person)
Born:
Christened:
Died:
Buried:
Husband John Matthews 43
Born: 4 Sep 1929 - Georgia, United States
Christened:
Died: 20 Mar 2004 - Tallahassee, Leon, Florida, United States
Buried:
Marriage:
Wife Joyce Bynum 43
Born: 16 Sep 1933 - Georgia, United States
Christened:
Died: 21 Oct 2001 - Tallahassee, Leon, Florida, United States
Buried:
Children
1 F Peggy Matthews (details suppressed for this person)
Born:
Christened:
Died:
Buried:
Spouse: Fredrick Priestly Underwood (living)
Husband Merfyn ap Gwriad King of Gwynedd 44 45 46
AKA: Merfyn "the Freckled" King of Gwynedd, Myrfyn Frych ap Gwriad King of Gwynedd
Born: Abt 764
Christened:
Died: 844 - Cyfeiliog, Powys, Wales
Buried:
Father: Gwriad ap Elydir of Man (Abt 0768-0825) 45 47 48
Mother: Esyllt verch Cynan ( - ) 45 46 49
Marriage:
Events
• King of Gwynedd: 825-844.
Wife Nest verch Cadell 50 51 52
Born: - Powys, (Wales)
Christened:
Died:
Buried:
Father: Cadell ap Brochwell ( - ) 53
Mother:
Children
1 M Rhodri Mawr ap Merfyn King of Gwynedd & Powys & Seisyllwg 45 51 54 55
AKA: Rhodri the Great, Rhodri Mawr, Roderick "the Great"
Born: 789 - Caer Seiont (Caernarfon), Caernarfonshire, Wales
Christened:
Died: 878 - Anglesey, Wales 56
Buried:
Spouse: Angharad ferch Gwgon ap Meurig (Abt 0811- ) 55 57
Death Notes: Husband - Merfyn ap Gwriad King of Gwynedd
Died in the Battle of Cyfeiliog (Catill).
Research Notes: Husband - Merfyn ap Gwriad King of Gwynedd
From A History of Wales, pp. 78-79:
"A chain of marriages begins around 800 when Gwriad, a native of the Isle of Man, who perhaps had links with the Men of the North, married Esyllt of the line of Maelgwn Fawr; their son, Merfyn, became kind of Gwynedd in 825 on the death of Esyllt's uncle, Hywel ap Rhodri, the last of the male descendants of Maelgwn Gwynedd. Merfyn was the first of the lineage known to historians as the second dynasty of Gwynedd. He married Nest of the house of Powys, and their son, Rhodri, married Angharad of the house of Seisyllwg (Ceredigion and Ystrad Tywi)."
-------
From Wikipedia - Merfyn Frych :
Merfyn Frych or Merfyn Frych ap Gwriad (English : Merfyn the Freckled, son of Gwriad) was King of Gwynedd (reigned 825 - 844), the first king not descended from the male line of Maelgwn Gwynedd . Nothing is known of his reign, and his primary notability is as the father of Rhodri the Great . The Annales Cambriae says that he died in 844, the same year in which a battle occurred at Ketill (or Cetyll), but it does not make clear whether there is a connection, or whether it is referring to two unrelated events.[1][2]
Merfyn came to the throne in the aftermath of a bloody dynastic struggle between brothers Cynan (reigned 798 - 816) and Hywel (reigned 816 - 825),[3] at a time when the kingdom had been under pressure from Mercia .[4] He was the son of Ethyllt (or Etthil or Essyllt), the daughter of King Cynan.[note 1] Merfyn allied his own royal family with that of Powys by marrying Nest , daughter of King Cadell ap Brochwel.[note 2]
Merfyn is mentioned as a king of the Britons in a copyist's addition[note 3] to the Historia Brittonum and in the Bamberg Cryptogram, [note 4] but as both sources are traced to people working in Merfyn's own court during his reign, it should not be considered more significant than someone's respectful reference to his patron while working in his service.
In the literary sources, Merfyn's name appears in the Dialogue between Myrddin and his sister Gwenddydd (Welsh : Cyvoesi Myrddin a Gwenddydd y chuaer), found in the mid-13th-century literary work the Red Book of Hergest . The dialogue is a prophesy of the future kings, and lists among them Merfyn in the passage "meruin vrych o dir manaw"[11] (English : Merfyn Frych of the land of Manau).
Background
The times leading up to Merfyn's reign were unsettled for both Gwynedd and neighboring Powys. Both kingdoms were beset by internal dynastic strife, external pressure from Mercia , and bad luck from nature's whims. In 810 there was a bovine plague that killed many cattle throughout Wales. The next year Deganwy , the ancient fortified llys (English : royal court ) of Maelgwn Gwynedd and built of wood, was struck by lightning. A destructive dynastic war raged in Gwynedd between 812 and 816, particularly on Anglesey , while in Powys a son of the king was killed by his brother "through treachery". In 818 there was a notable battle at Llanfaes on Anglesey . The combatants are not identified, but the site had been the llys of King Cynan.[12]
Coenwulf of Mercia took advantage of the situation in 817, occupying Rhufoniog (see map) and laying waste to the mountains of Eryri (English : Snowdonia ), the defensive stronghold of Gwynedd. Coastal Wales along the Dee Estuary was still in Mercian hands in 821, as it is known that Coenwulf died peacefully at Basingwerk in that year. In 823 Mercia laid waste to Powys and returned to Gwynedd to burn down Deganwy.
Gwynedd and Powys then gained a respite when Mercia's attention turned elsewhere and its fortunes waned. King Beornwulf was killed fighting the East Anglians in 826, his successor Ludeca suffered the same fate the following year, and Mercia was conquered and occupied by Ecgberht of Wessex in 829. Though Mercia managed to throw off Ecgberht's rule in 830, it was thereafter beset by dynastic strife, and never regained its dominance, either in Wales or eastern England .[13]
It was just as Mercian power was on the verge of breaking that Merfyn Frych came to the throne, certainly a case of fortuitous timing.
His father
Nothing is known of Merfyn's father Gwriad. Merfyn claimed descent from Llywarch Hen through him, and the royal pedigree in Jesus College MS. 20 says that Gwriad was the son of Elidyr, who bears the same name as his ancestor, the father of Llywarch Hen, Elidyr lydanwyn.[14] Supporting the veracity of the pedigree is an entry in the Annales Cambriae, which states that Gwriad, the brother of Rhodri the Great , was slain on Anglesey by the Saxons. That is to say, Merfyn named one of his sons after his father Gwriad.[15]
The discovery of a cross inscribed Crux Guriat (English : Cross of Gwriad) on the Isle of Man and dated to the 8th or 9th century[16] raised the question of whether Gwriad's possible connection to "Manaw" was to that of the Gododdin or to the Isle of Man, which was known in Welsh as Ynys Manaw. John Rhys suggested that Gwriad might well have taken refuge on the Isle of Man during the bloody dynastic struggle between Cynan and Hywel prior to Merfyn's accession to the throne, and that the cross perhaps does refer to the refugee Gwriad, father of Merfyn. He goes on to note that the Welsh Triads mention a 'Gwryat son of Gwryan in the North'.[17]
While Rhys' suggestion is not implausible, his reference to Gwriad's father Gwryan contradicts the royal pedigree, which says that Gwriad's father was Elidyr, so this may be a confusion of two different people named Gwriad. Gwriad's name does appear with northern origins in the Welsh Triads as one of the "Three kings, who were of the sons of strangers" (sometimes referred to as the "Three Peasant Kings"), where he is identified as the son of "Gwryan in the North".[18]
The other literary references to Gwriad and his father Gwryan also suggest that this Gwriad is a different person with the same name as Merfyn's father. For example, Gwryan's name also appears in The Verses of the Graves from the Black Book of Carmarthen ,[19] as does Gwriad's name,[20] which also appears in the Gododdin .[21]
Notes
^ There is nothing in what is known of Welsh law stating specifically that women were capable of transmitting legal title of kingship, and it is not known whether Merfyn came to the throne through usurpation or prior arrangement. Lloyd 's article on Merfyn in the Dictionary of National Biography says that claims of kingship through a maternal line were sometimes recognised under the Welsh law of inheritance and cites mamwys (English : maternity, heirship through the female line) for the justification.[5] However, mamwys refers to matters of property.
^ The view that Ethyllt was Merfyn's mother and Nest his wife is held by Davies [6] and many others, including Lloyd ,[7] who notes the consistency of Jesus College MS 20 and Harleian MS 3859 against the contrary account that Nest was the mother and Ethyllt the wife.
^ Merfyn's name appears twice in the Historia Brittorum as 'Mermin', with both mentions attributed to later additions to the Historia made in Gwynedd during Merfyn's reign. He is mentioned in a passage as quarto Meruini regis Britonum, and in another passage as ad annum quartum Mermini regis.[8] In his History of Wales, Lloyd notes that this is the addition of a later copyist. Additionally, he notes that the text annum quartum Mermini regis does not appear in other copies of the Historia.[9]
^ The Bamberg Cryptogram was published with English annotation in 1892. It was discovered at Bamberg , Germany and it contains characters that must be translated from Greek numerals to Latin text using using a key in order to read the message (a form of cryptogram ), hence the document's name. It is accompanied by Latin text that names several medieval people of note, and includes the words Mermin Britannorum regis. This was written at the court of Merfyn during his reign.[10]
Birth Notes: Child - Rhodri Mawr ap Merfyn King of Gwynedd & Powys & Seisyllwg
May have been born sa late as 820.
Death Notes: Child - Rhodri Mawr ap Merfyn King of Gwynedd & Powys & Seisyllwg
Killed in a battle against the English (Saxons) in 878.
Husband Ynyr ap Cadforch Lord of Maelors, Oswestry and Whittington 58
Born:
Christened:
Died:
Buried:
Marriage:
Wife Rhiengar verch Lluddoca ap Caradoc Vreichfras
Born:
Christened:
Died:
Buried:
Father: Lluddoca ap Caradoc Vreichfras Lord of Hereford ( - )
Mother:
Children
1 M Tudor Trevor ap Ynyr ap Cadforch Lord of Herefored and Whittington
AKA: Tudur ap Ynyr
Born: Abt 918 - Denbighshire, Wales
Christened:
Died: 948
Buried:
Spouse: Angharad ferch Hywel Dda (Cir 0900- ) 59
Research Notes: Husband - Ynyr ap Cadforch Lord of Maelors, Oswestry and Whittington
From A Genealogical and Heraldic Dictionary of the Landed Gentry of Great Britain & Ireland" by John Burke & John Bernard Burke, vol. I (London, 1847), p. 655 "YNYR AP CADFORCH, Lord of both Maelors, Oswestry, and Whittington in Powys, one of the Barons of that Kingdom, m. Rhiengar, dau. and sole heir of Lluddoca ap Caradoc Vreichfras, Lord of Hereford, in South Wales, and was by her father of a son, TUDOR TREVOR,..."
Research Notes: Wife - Rhiengar verch Lluddoca ap Caradoc Vreichfras
From A Genealogical and Heraldic Dictionary of the Landed Gentry of Great Britain & Ireland" by John Burke & John Bernard Burke, vol. I (London, 1847), p. 655 "YNYR AP CADFORCH, Lord of both Maelors, Oswestry, and Whittington in Powys, one of the Barons of that Kingdom, m. Rhiengar, dau. and sole heir of Lluddoca ap Caradoc Vreichfras, Lord of Hereford, in South Wales, and was by her father of a son, TUDOR TREVOR,..."
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