Husband Malcolm III Canmore King of Scots 1 2
AKA: Malcolm III King of Scotland, Malcolm III "Canmore" King of Scots, Máel Coluim mac Donnchada
Born: Abt 1031
Christened:
Died: 13 Nov 1093 - Alnwick Castle, Alnwick, Northumberland, England
Buried:
Father: Duncan I MacCrinan King of Scots ( -1040) 3
Mother: < > [Daughter of Siward, Danish Earl of Northumbria] ( - ) 4
Marriage: 1059
Other Spouse: Saint Margaret of Scotland (1045-1093) 5 6 - 1068 or 1069 - Dunfermline, Fife, Scotland
Events
• Crowned: King of Scots, 17 Mar 1057 or 1058, Scone, (Perth and Kinross), Scotland.
Wife Ingibiorg 7
Born:
Christened:
Died:
Buried:
Children
1 M Duncan II King of Scots 8
Born: Abt 1060
Christened:
Died: 12 Nov 1094
Buried:
Death Notes: Husband - Malcolm III Canmore King of Scots
Slain while besieging Alnwick Castle.
Research Notes: Husband - Malcolm III Canmore King of Scots
From Wikipedia - Malcolm III of Scotland :
Máel Coluim mac Donnchada (Modern Gaelic : Maol Chaluim mac Dhonnchaidh),[1] called in most Anglicised regnal lists Malcolm III, and in later centuries nicknamed Canmore, "Big Head"[2][3] or Long-neck [4] (died 13 November 1093), was King of Scots . It has also been argued recently that the real "Malcolm Canmore" was this Malcolm's great-grandson Malcolm IV , who is given this name in the contemporary notice of his death.[5] He was the eldest son of King Duncan I (Donnchad mac Crínáin). Malcolm's long reign, lasting 35 years, preceded the beginning of the Scoto-Norman age.
Malcolm's Kingdom did not extend over the full territory of modern Scotland : the north and west of Scotland remained in Scandinavian , Norse-Gael and Gaelic control, and the areas under the control of the Kings of Scots would not advance much beyond the limits set by Malcolm II (Máel Coluim mac Cináeda) until the 12th century. Malcolm III fought a succession of wars against the Kingdom of England , which may have had as their goal the conquest of the English earldom of Northumbria . However, these wars did not result in any significant advances southwards. Malcolm's main achievement is to have continued a line which would rule Scotland for many years,[6] although his role as "founder of a dynasty" has more to do with the propaganda of his youngest son David, and his descendants, than with any historical reality.[7]
Malcolm's second wife, Saint Margaret of Scotland , was later beatified and is Scotland's only royal saint. However, Malcolm himself gained no reputation for piety. With the notable exception of Dunfermline Abbey he is not definitely associated with major religious establishments or ecclesiastical reforms.
Background
Malcolm's father Duncan I (Donnchad mac Crínáin) became king in late 1034, on the death of Malcolm II (Máel Coluim mac Cináeda), Duncan's maternal grandfather. According to John of Fordun , whose account is the original source of part at least of William Shakespeare 's Macbeth , Malcolm's mother was a niece of Siward, Earl of Northumbria ,[8][9] but an earlier king-list gives her the Gaelic name Suthen.[10]
Duncan's reign was not successful and he was killed by Macbeth (Mac Bethad mac Findlaích) on 15 August 1040. Although Shakespeare's Macbeth presents Malcolm as a grown man and his father as an old one, it appears that Duncan was still young in 1040,[11] and Malcolm and his brother Donalbane (Domnall Bán) were children.[12] Malcolm's family did attempt to overthrow Macbeth in 1045, but Malcolm's grandfather Crínán of Dunkeld was killed in the attempt.[13]
Soon after the death of Duncan his two young sons were sent away for greater safety - exactly where is the subject of debate. According to one version, Malcolm (then aged about 9) was sent to England, and his younger brother Donalbane was sent to the Isles.[14][15] Based on Fordun's account, it was assumed that Malcolm passed most of Macbeth's seventeen year reign in the Kingdom of England at the court of Edward the Confessor .[16][17]
According to an alternative version, Malcolm's mother took both sons into exile at the court of Thorfinn Sigurdsson , Earl of Orkney , an enemy of Macbeth's family, and perhaps Duncan's kinsman by marriage.[18]
An English invasion in 1054, with Earl Siward in command, had as its goal the installation of Máel Coluim , "son of the King of the Cumbrians (i.e. of Strathclyde )". This Máel Coluim, perhaps a son of Owen the Bald , disappears from history after this brief mention. He has been confused with King Malcolm III.[19][20] In 1057 various chroniclers report the death of Macbeth at Malcolm's hand, on 15 August 1057 at Lumphanan in Aberdeenshire .[21][22] Macbeth was succeeded by his stepson Lulach , who was crowned at Scone , probably on 8 September 1057. Lulach was killed by Malcolm, "by treachery",[23] near Huntly on 23 April 1058. After this, Malcolm became king, perhaps being inaugurated on 25 April 1058, although only John of Fordun reports this.[24]
Malcolm and Ingibiorg
If Orderic Vitalis is to be relied upon, one of Malcolm's earliest actions as King may have been to travel south to the court of Edward the Confessor in 1059 to arrange a marriage with Edward's kinswoman Margaret , who had arrived in England two years before from Hungary .[25] If he did visit the English court, he was the first reigning King of Scots to do so in more than eighty years. If a marriage agreement was made in 1059, however, it was not kept, and this may explain the Scots invasion of Northumbria in 1061 when Lindisfarne was plundered.[26] Equally, Malcolm's raids in Northumbria may have been related to the disputed "Kingdom of the Cumbrians", reestablished by Earl Siward in 1054, which was under Malcolm's control by 1070.[27]
The Orkneyinga saga reports that Malcolm married the widow of Thorfinn Sigurdsson, Ingibiorg , a daughter of Finn Arnesson .[28] Although Ingibiorg is generally assumed to have died shortly before 1070, it is possible that she died much earlier, around 1058.[29] The Orkneyinga Saga records that Malcolm and Ingibiorg had a son, Duncan II (Donnchad mac Maíl Coluim), who was later king.[4] Some Medieval commentators, following William of Malmesbury , claimed that Duncan was illegitimate, but this claim is propaganda reflecting the need of Malcolm's descendants by Margaret to undermine the claims of Duncan's descendants, the Meic Uilleim .[30] Malcolm's son Domnall, whose death is reported in 1085, is not mentioned by the author of the Orkneyinga Saga. He is assumed to have been born to Ingibiorg.[31]
Malcolm's marriage to Ingibiorg secured him peace in the north and west. The Heimskringla tells that her father Finn had been an adviser to Harald Hardraade and, after falling out with Harald, was then made an Earl by Sweyn Estridsson , King of Denmark , which may have been another recommendation for the match.[32] Malcolm enjoyed a peaceful relationship with the Earldom of Orkney , ruled jointly by his stepsons, Paul and Erlend Thorfinnsson . The Orkneyinga Saga reports strife with Norway but this is probably misplaced as it associates this with Magnus Barefoot , who became king of Norway only in 1093, the year of Malcolm's death.[33]
Malcolm and Margaret
Although he had given sanctuary to Tostig Godwinson when the Northumbrians drove him out, Malcolm was not directly involved in the ill-fated invasion of England by Harald Hardraade and Tostig in 1066, which ended in defeat and death at the battle of Stamford Bridge .[34] In 1068, he granted asylum to a group of English exiles fleeing from William of Normandy , among them Agatha , widow of Edward the Confessor's nephew Edward the Exile , and her children: Edgar Ætheling and his sisters Margaret and Cristina . They were accompanied by Gospatric, Earl of Northumbria . The exiles were disappointed, however, if they had expected immediate assistance from the Scots.[35]
In 1069 the exiles returned to England, to join a spreading revolt in the north. Even though Gospatric and Siward's son Waltheof submitted by the end of the year, the arrival of a Danish army under Sweyn Estridsson seemed to ensure that William's position remained weak. Malcolm decided on war, and took his army south into Cumbria and across the Pennines , wasting Teesdale and Cleveland then marching north, loaded with loot, to Wearmouth . There Malcolm met Edgar and his family, who were invited to return with him, but did not. As Sweyn had by now been bought off with a large Danegeld , Malcolm took his army home. In reprisal, William sent Gospatric to raid Scotland through Cumbria. In return, the Scots fleet raided the Northumbrian coast where Gospatric's possessions were concentrated.[36] Late in the year, perhaps shipwrecked on their way to a European exile, Edgar and his family again arrived in Scotland, this time to remain. By the end of 1070, Malcolm had married Edgar's sister Margaret, the future Saint Margaret of Scotland .[37]
The naming of their children represented a break with the traditional Scots Regal names such as Malcolm, Cináed and Áed. The point of naming Margaret's sons, Edward after her father Edward the Exile , Edmund for her grandfather Edmund Ironside , Ethelred for her great-grandfather Ethelred the Unready and Edgar for her great-great-grandfather Edgar was unlikely to be missed in England, where William of Normandy's grasp on power was far from secure.[38] Whether the adoption of the classical Alexander for the future Alexander I of Scotland (either for Pope Alexander II or for Alexander the Great ) and the biblical David for the future David I of Scotland represented a recognition that William of Normandy would not be easily removed, or was due to the repetition of Anglo-Saxon Royal name-another Edmund had preceded Edgar-is not known.[39] Margaret also gave Malcolm two daughters, Edith , who married Henry I of England , and Mary, who married Eustace III of Boulogne .
In 1072, with the Harrying of the North completed and his position again secure, William of Normandy came north with an army and a fleet. Malcolm met William at Abernethy and, in the words of the Anglo-Saxon Chronicle "became his man" and handed over his eldest son Duncan as a hostage and arranged peace between William and Edgar.[40] Accepting the overlordship of the king of the English was no novelty, previous kings had done so without result. The same was true of Malcolm; his agreement with the English king was followed by further raids into Northumbria, which led to further trouble in the earldom and the killing of Bishop William Walcher at Gateshead . In 1080, William sent his son Robert Curthose north with an army while his brother Odo punished the Northumbrians. Malcolm again made peace, and this time kept it for over a decade.[41]
Malcolm faced little recorded internal opposition, with the exception of Lulach's son Máel Snechtai . In an unusual entry, for the Anglo-Saxon Chronicle contains little on Scotland, it says that in 1078:
" Malcholom [Máel Coluim] seized the mother of Mælslæhtan [Máel Snechtai] ... and all his treasures, and his cattle; and he himself escaped with difficulty.[42] " Whatever provoked this strife, Máel Snechtai survived until 1085.[43]
Malcolm and William Rufus
When William Rufus became king of England after his father's death, Malcolm did not intervene in the rebellions by supporters of Robert Curthose which followed. In 1091, however, William Rufus confiscated Edgar Ætheling's lands in England, and Edgar fled north to Scotland. In May, Malcolm marched south, not to raid and take slaves and plunder, but to besiege Newcastle , built by Robert Curthose in 1080. This appears to have been an attempt to advance the frontier south from the River Tweed to the River Tees . The threat was enough to bring the English king back from Normandy , where he had been fighting Robert Curthose. In September, learning of William Rufus's approaching army, Malcolm withdrew north and the English followed. Unlike in 1072, Malcolm was prepared to fight, but a peace was arranged by Edgar Ætheling and Robert Curthose whereby Malcolm again acknowledged the overlordship of the English king.[44]
In 1092, the peace began to break down. Based on the idea that the Scots controlled much of modern Cumbria , it had been supposed that William Rufus's new castle at Carlisle and his settlement of English peasants in the surrounds was the cause. However, it is unlikely that Malcolm did control Cumbria, and the dispute instead concerned the estates granted to Malcolm by William Rufus's father in 1072 for his maintenance when visiting England. Malcolm sent messengers to discuss the question and William Rufus agreed to a meeting. Malcolm travelled south to Gloucester , stopping at Wilton Abbey to visit his daughter Edith and sister-in-law Cristina. Malcolm arrived there on 24 August 1093 to find that William Rufus refused to negotiate, insisting that the dispute be judged by the English barons. This Malcolm refused to accept, and returned immediately to Scotland.[45]
It does not appear that William Rufus intended to provoke a war,[46] but, as the Anglo-Saxon Chronicle reports, war came:
" For this reason therefore they parted with great dissatisfaction, and the King Malcolm returned to Scotland. And soon after he came home, he gathered his army, and came harrowing into England with more hostility than behoved him ... " Malcolm was accompanied by Edward, his eldest son by Margaret and probable heir-designate (or tánaiste), and by Edgar.[47] Even by the standards of the time, the ravaging of Northumbria by the Scots was seen as harsh.[48]
Death
While marching north again, Malcolm was ambushed by Robert de Mowbray , Earl of Northumbria, whose lands he had devastated, near Alnwick on 13 November 1093. There he was killed by Arkil Morel, steward of Bamburgh Castle . The conflict became known as the Battle of Alnwick .[49] Edward was mortally wounded in the same fight. Margaret, it is said, died soon after receiving the news of their deaths from Edgar.[50] The Annals of Ulster say:
" Mael Coluim son of Donnchad, over-king of Scotland, and Edward his son, were killed by the French i.e. in Inber Alda in England. His queen, Margaret, moreover, died of sorrow for him within nine days.[51] " Malcolm's body was taken to Tynemouth Priory for burial, where it remains to this day. A body of a local farmer was sent north for burial in Dunfermline Abbey in the reign of his son Alexander or perhaps on Iona .[52]
On 19 June 1250, following the canonisation of Malcolm's wife Margaret by Pope Innocent IV , Margaret's remains were disinterred and placed in a reliquary. Tradition has it that as the reliquary was carried to the high altar of Dunfermline Abbey , past Malcolm's grave, it became too heavy to move. As a result, Malcolm's remains were also disinterred, and buried next to Margaret beside the altar.[53]
Issue
Malcolm and Ingebjorg had a son:
Duncan II of Scotland , suceeded his father as King of Scotland
Malcolm and Margaret had eight children, six sons and two daughters:
Edward, killed 1093.
Edmund of Scotland
Ethelred , abbot of Dunkeld
King Edgar of Scotland
King Alexander I of Scotland
King David I of Scotland
Edith of Scotland , also called Matilda, married King Henry I of England
Mary of Scotland , married Eustace III of Boulogne
Research Notes: Wife - Ingibiorg
Widow of Thorfill Sigurdso, Earl of Orkney. First wife of Malcolm III Canmore.
Source: Ancestral Roots of Certain American Colonists Who Came to America before 1700 by Frederick Lewis Weis and Walter Lee Sheppard, Jr, ed. by William R. Beall & Kaleen E. Beall, Baltimore, 2008, line 170-21 (Malcolm III Canmore).
Husband Ingild of Wessex 9 10
AKA: Ingeld of Wessex
Born: Abt 672
Christened:
Died: 718
Buried:
Father: Cenred of Wessex (Abt 0641-0694) 11 12 13
Mother:
Marriage:
Wife
Born:
Christened:
Died:
Buried:
Children
1 M Eoppa of Wessex 14
Born: Abt 706
Christened:
Died:
Buried:
Research Notes: Husband - Ingild of Wessex
Did not rule.
Brother of Ina, King of Saxons
From Wikipedia - Ingild of Wessex :
Ingild of Wessex was a member of the House of Wessex . Although a member of the direct male line from Cynric to Egbert , Coenred was never king due to usurpations by junior branches of the family. He was born c. 672 and died in 718.
Ingild's father was Coenred , his brother Ine , and his sister Cuthburga . He had one son, Eoppa , born c. 706.
Husband Ralph de Betham 15
AKA: Ralph de Beetham Lord of Beetham
Born:
Christened:
Died: Abt 1208 - Betham, Westmorland, England
Buried:
Marriage:
Wife Ingrith 15
Born:
Christened:
Died:
Buried:
Children
1 M Thomas de Betham
Born:
Christened:
Died: sh bef 1249 - Lancashire, England
Buried:
Spouse: Amuira de Woodplumpton ( - ) 16
Research Notes: Husband - Ralph de Betham
From http://cybergata.com/roots/2926.htm :
Background Information. 888
Ralph de Betham is the first person of this family whose name appears in records. He was the witness to the foundation charter of the Cockersand Abbey. He gave a salt work in Betham to the abbey of Furness during the reign of King Henry II for the health of his soul and for the soul of his wife Ingaretha.
~ The History and Antiquities of the Counties of Westmorland and Cumberland, Vol. I, p. 626
• Background Information. 995
Ralph de Beetham, lord of Beetham, died circa 1208. By Ingrith, his wife, he had issue, Thomas, his son and heir, and proably Roger and Robert, named in a deed, as well as a daughter married to Orm de Kellet. His son Thomas married Amuria, one of the daughters and coheirs of Richard, son of Roger, thane of Woodplumpton and founder of Lytham Priory. Thomas had, in the right of his wife, a large estate in Lancaster.
~ The Chartulary of Cockersand Abbey, Volume. III Part I, p. 1012
Husband Philip II of Swabia, King of Germany 17 18
AKA: Philip of Swabia, King of Germany
Born: 1177
Christened:
Died: 21 Jun 1208 - <Bamburg>, Swabia, (Germany)
Buried:
Father: Frederick I Holy Roman Emperor (1122-1190)
Mother: Beatrix of Burgundy ( -1184/1185)
Marriage: 25 May 1197
Events
• King of Germany:
• Duke of Swabia:
Wife Irene Angelina 19
AKA: Maria
Born: 1181
Christened:
Died: 1208
Buried:
Father: Isaac II Angelus Eastern Roman Emperor ( -1204) 20
Mother: Herina ( - )
Children
1 F Beatriz of Swabia 21
AKA: Beatrice of Hohenstaufen, Elisabeth of Swabia
Born: 1198
Christened:
Died: 1212
Buried:
2 F Cunigunde of Hohenstaufen 21
Born: 1200
Christened:
Died: 1248
Buried:
3 F Marie of Hohenstaufen 22 23
AKA: Marie of Swabia, Mary of Hohenstaufen
Born: 3 Apr 1201 - Arezzo, Tuscany, Italy
Christened:
Died: 29 Mar 1235 - Leuven, Brabant, (Flemish Brabant), Flanders, (Belgium)
Buried:
Spouse: Henry II Duke of Brabant (1207-1248) 24
Marr: Bef 22 Aug 1215
4 F Elisabeth of Hohenstaufen 25
AKA: Beatriz de Suabia, Elizabeth of Hohenstaufen
Born: 1203
Christened:
Died: 5 Nov 1235 - Toro, Spain
Buried:
Spouse: Fernando III of Castile King of Castile and Leon (1199-1252) 26
Marr: Nov 1219 - Royal Monastery of San Zoilo, Carrión de los Condes (Palencia), Spain
Birth Notes: Husband - Philip II of Swabia, King of Germany
Wikipedia has b. 1177. Ancestral Roots has b. 1177/81.
Death Notes: Husband - Philip II of Swabia, King of Germany
Murdered at Bamberg by Otto V of Wittelsbach.
Research Notes: Husband - Philip II of Swabia, King of Germany
Second husband of Irene Angelina. From Wikipedia - Irene Angelina : Wikipedia has d. 29 March 1235. Ancestral Roots has d. abt 1240.
Supposedly lived 180 years
From Wikipedia - Isaac : Events
• Member: of Parliament, Between 1406 and 1408.
Wikipedia Source: Ancestral Roots of Certain American Colonists Who Came to America before 1700 by Frederick Lewis Weis and Walter Lee Sheppard, Jr, ed. by William R. Beall & Kaleen E. Beall (Baltimore, 2008), line 176B-35 (Sir John Tuchet)
Died at the Battle of Blore Heath.
Source: Ancestral Roots of Certain American Colonists Who Came to America before 1700 by Frederick Lewis Weis and Walter Lee Sheppard, Jr, ed. by William R. Beall & Kaleen E. Beall (Baltimore, 2008), line 71A-31 Sir Piers de Geneville)
Source: Ancestral Roots of Certain American Colonists Who Came to America before 1700 by Frederick Lewis Weis and Walter Lee Sheppard, Jr, ed. by William R. Beall & Kaleen E. Beall (Baltimore, 2008), line 135-31 (Hugh XII de Lusignan)
1. Weis, Frederick Lewis and Walter Lee Sheppard, Jr; William R. Beall and Kaleen E. Beall, eds, Ancestral Roots of Certain American Colonists Who Came to America before 1700 (8th ed. Baltimore: Genealogical Publishing Company, 2008.), Line 170-21, 171-21.
2. http://www.familysearch.org, (Kevin Bradford).
3. Weis, Frederick Lewis and Walter Lee Sheppard, Jr; William R. Beall and Kaleen E. Beall, eds, Ancestral Roots of Certain American Colonists Who Came to America before 1700 (8th ed. Baltimore: Genealogical Publishing Company, 2008.), Line 170-20.
4. Weis, Frederick Lewis and Walter Lee Sheppard, Jr; William R. Beall and Kaleen E. Beall, eds, Ancestral Roots of Certain American Colonists Who Came to America before 1700 (8th ed. Baltimore: Genealogical Publishing Company, 2008.), ine 170-20 (Duncan I MacCrinan).
5. Weis, Frederick Lewis and Walter Lee Sheppard, Jr; William R. Beall and Kaleen E. Beall, eds, Ancestral Roots of Certain American Colonists Who Came to America before 1700 (8th ed. Baltimore: Genealogical Publishing Company, 2008.), Line 1-21, 158-23 (Eustace III).
6. Wikipedia.org, Saint Margaret of Scotland. Cit. Date: 5 Oct 2009.
7. Weis, Frederick Lewis and Walter Lee Sheppard, Jr; William R. Beall and Kaleen E. Beall, eds, Ancestral Roots of Certain American Colonists Who Came to America before 1700 (8th ed. Baltimore: Genealogical Publishing Company, 2008.), Line 171-21 (Malcolm III Canmore).
8. Weis, Frederick Lewis and Walter Lee Sheppard, Jr; William R. Beall and Kaleen E. Beall, eds, Ancestral Roots of Certain American Colonists Who Came to America before 1700 (8th ed. Baltimore: Genealogical Publishing Company, 2008.), Line 171-22.
9. http://wc.rootsweb.ancestry.com/cgi-bin/igm.cgi. Rec. Date: 25 Aug 2001, http://wc.rootsweb.com/cgi-bin/igm.cgi?op=GET&db=:3174654&id=I593872471.
10. Weis, Frederick Lewis and Walter Lee Sheppard, Jr; William R. Beall and Kaleen E. Beall, eds, Ancestral Roots of Certain American Colonists Who Came to America before 1700 (8th ed. Baltimore: Genealogical Publishing Company, 2008.), line 1-8.
11. http://wc.rootsweb.ancestry.com/cgi-bin/igm.cgi. Rec. Date: 25 Aug 2001, http://wc.rootsweb.com/cgi-bin/igm.cgi?op=GET&db=:3174654&id=I593872472.
12. Weis, Frederick Lewis and Walter Lee Sheppard, Jr; William R. Beall and Kaleen E. Beall, eds, Ancestral Roots of Certain American Colonists Who Came to America before 1700 (8th ed. Baltimore: Genealogical Publishing Company, 2008.), Line 1-7.
13. Wikipedia.org, Cenred of Wessex.
14. http://wc.rootsweb.ancestry.com/cgi-bin/igm.cgi. Rec. Date: 25 Aug 2001, http://wc.rootsweb.com/cgi-bin/igm.cgi?op=GET&db=:3174654&id=I593872470.
15. Website:, http://cybergata.com/roots/2926.htm. Cit. Date: 30 Jun 2013.
16. Website:, http://cybergata.com/roots/2829.htm. Cit. Date: 30 Jun 2013.
17. Weis, Frederick Lewis and Walter Lee Sheppard, Jr; William R. Beall and Kaleen E. Beall, eds, Ancestral Roots of Certain American Colonists Who Came to America before 1700 (8th ed. Baltimore: Genealogical Publishing Company, 2008.), Line 45-27.
18. Wikipedia.org, Philip of Swabia.
19. Wikipedia.org, Irene Angelina.
20. Wikipedia.org, Isaac II Angelos.
21. Wikipedia.org, Marie of Swabia.
22. Weis, Frederick Lewis and Walter Lee Sheppard, Jr; William R. Beall and Kaleen E. Beall, eds, Ancestral Roots of Certain American Colonists Who Came to America before 1700 (8th ed. Baltimore: Genealogical Publishing Company, 2008.), Line 45-28.
23. Wikipedia.org, Marie of Hohenstaufen.
24. Wikipedia.org, Henry II, Duke of Brabant. Cit. Date: 11 Sep 2009.
25. Wikipedia.org, Elisabeth of Hohenstaufen. Cit. Date: 15 Sep 2009.
26. Wikipedia.org, Ferdinand III of Castile. Cit. Date: 15 Sep 2009.
27. http://www.familysearch.org, Cit. Date: 12 Aug 2009.
28. http://www.familysearch.org, Cit. Date: 11 Aug 2009.
29. http://www.familysearch.org, Cit. Date: 1 Aug 2009.
30. http://www.familysearch.org, Cit. Date: 2 Aug 2009.
31. Weis, Frederick Lewis and Walter Lee Sheppard, Jr; William R. Beall and Kaleen E. Beall, eds, Ancestral Roots of Certain American Colonists Who Came to America before 1700 (8th ed. Baltimore: Genealogical Publishing Company, 2008.), Line 176B-35.
32. Weis, Frederick Lewis and Walter Lee Sheppard, Jr; William R. Beall and Kaleen E. Beall, eds, Ancestral Roots of Certain American Colonists Who Came to America before 1700 (8th ed. Baltimore: Genealogical Publishing Company, 2008.), Line 176B-36.
33. Wikipedia.org, James Touchet, 5th Baron Audley.
34. Website:, http://wiki.whitneygen.org/wrg/index.php/.
35. Wikipedia.org, http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Eleanor_de_holland.
36. Wikipedia.org, Hugh XII de Lusignan.
37. Weis, Frederick Lewis and Walter Lee Sheppard, Jr; William R. Beall and Kaleen E. Beall, eds, Ancestral Roots of Certain American Colonists Who Came to America before 1700 (8th ed. Baltimore: Genealogical Publishing Company, 2008.), Line 71A-31 (Sir Piers de Geneville).
38. Ancestry.com, http://trees.ancestry.com/tree/29106850/family?cfpid=12982912974. Cit. Date: 20 Jun 2013.
From Wikipedia - Philip of Swabia :
Philip of Swabia (1177 - June 21 , 1208 ) was king of Germany and duke of Swabia , the rival of the emperor Otto IV .
Biography
Philip was the fifth and youngest son of the emperor Frederick I and Beatrix , daughter of Renaud III , count of Burgundy , and brother of the emperor Henry VI . He entered the clergy, was made provost of Aix-la-Chapelle , and in 1190 or 1191 was chosen bishop of Würzburg . Having accompanied his brother Henry to Italy in 1191, Philip forsook his ecclesiastical calling, and, travelling again to Italy, was made duke of Tuscany in 1195 and received an extensive grant of lands. In his retinue in Italy was the Minnesinger Bernger von Horheim .
In 1196 Philip became duke of Swabia, on the death of his brother Conrad ; and in May 1197 he married Irene Angelina , daughter of the Byzantine emperor , Isaac II , and widow of Roger III, Titular King of Sicily , a lady who is described by Walther von der Vogelweide as " the rose without a thorn, the dove without guile."
Philip enjoyed his brother's confidence to a very great extent, and appears to have been designated as guardian of the Henry's young son Frederick , afterwards the emperor Frederick II, in case of his father's early death. In 1197 he had set out to fetch Frederick from Sicily for his coronation as King of the Germans when he heard of the emperor's death and returned at once to Germany. He appears to have desired to protect the interests of his nephew and to quell the disorder which arose on Henry's death, but was overtaken by events. The hostility to the kingship of a child was growing, and after Philip had been chosen as defender of the empire during Frederick's minority he consented to his own election. He was elected German king at Mühlhausen on March 8 , 1198 , and was crowned at Mainz on the September 8 following.
Meanwhile, a number of princes hostile to Philip, under the leadership of Adolph , Archbishop of Cologne , had elected an anti-king in the person of Otto, second son of Henry the Lion , duke of Saxony . In the war that followed, Philip, who drew his principal support from south Germany, met with considerable success. In 1199 he received further accessions to his party and carried the war into his opponent's territory, although unable to obtain the support of Pope Innocent III , and only feebly assisted by his ally Philip Augustus , king of France . The following year was less favourable to his arms; and in March 1201 Innocent took the decisive step of placing Philip and his associates under the ban, and began to work energetically in favour of Otto.
Also in 1201, Philip was visited by his cousin Boniface of Montferrat , the leader of the Fourth Crusade . The Crusaders were by this time under Venetian control and were besieging Zara on the Adriatic Sea . Although Boniface's exact reasons for meeting with Philip are unknown, while at Philip's court he also met Alexius Angelus , Philip's brother-in-law. Alexius convinced Boniface, and later the Venetians, to divert the Crusade to Constantinople and restore Isaac II to the throne, as he had recently been deposed by Alexius III , Alexius and Irene's uncle.
The two succeeding years were still more unfavourable to Philip. Otto, aided by Ottokar I , king of Bohemia , and Hermann I , landgrave of Thuringia , drove him from north Germany, thus compelling him to seek by abject concessions, but without success, reconciliation with Innocent. The submission to Philip of Hermann of Thuringia in 1204 marks the turning-point of his fortunes, and he was soon joined by Adolph of Cologne and Henry I, Duke of Brabant .
On January 6 , 1205 he was crowned again with great ceremony by Adolph at Aix-la-Chapelle, though it was not until 1207 that his entry into Cologne practically brought the war to a close. A month or two later Philip was loosed from the papal ban, and in March 1208 it seems probable that a treaty was concluded by which a nephew of the pope was to marry one of Philip's daughters and to receive the disputed dukedom of Tuscany. Philip was preparing to crush the last flicker of the rebellion in Brunswick-Lüneburg when he was murdered at Bamberg , on June 21 , 1208 , by Otto of Wittelsbach , count palatine in Bavaria . Otto, already known for his unstable character, fell into a rage when he learned of the dissolution of his betrothal to Gertrude of Silesia by her father, Duke Henry I the Bearded of Lower Silesia . Henry was apparently informed of the Wittelsbach's cruel tendencies and in an act of concern for his young daughter decided to terminate the marriage agreement. Otto proceeded to blame Philip, without grounds, for another spurned marriage alliance (the first being to Philip's own daughter, Beatrice) and swore revenge on the German King, culminating in the murder at Bamberg.[1]
Philip was a brave and handsome man, and contemporary writers, among whom was Walther von der Vogelweide , praise his mildness and generosity.
Philip's descendants
Philip of Swabia married Irene Angelina , daughter of Isaac II Angelus on May 25 , 1197 . Their four daughters were:
Research Notes: Wife - Irene Angelina
Irene Angelina (1181 - 1208) was the daughter of the Byzantine Emperor Isaac II Angelos by his first wife Herina Tornikaina[1]. Her paternal grandparents were Andronikos Dukas Angelos and Euphrosyne Kastamonitissa.
Biography
In 1193 she married Roger III of Sicily , but he died on 24 December 1193 . Irene was captured in the German invasion of Sicily on 29 December 1194 and was married on 25 May 1197 to Philip of Swabia . In Germany, she was renamed Maria.
Her father, who had been deposed in 1195, urged her to get Philip's support for his reinstatement; her brother, Alexius , subsequently spent some time at Philip's court during the preparations for the Fourth Crusade . She thus had an early influence on the eventual diversion of the Crusade to Constantinople in 1204.
She was described by Walther von der Vogelweide as "the rose without a thorn, the dove without guile"[citation needed ].
Philip and Irene had four daughters:
and two sons (called Reinald and Frederick) who died in infancy.
After the murder of her husband (21 April 1208 ), Irene - who was pregnant by that time - retired to the Burg Hohenstaufen . There, four months later (27 August 1208 ), she gave birth to a daughter (called Beatrice Postuma); but both mother and child died shortly afterwards. She was buried in the family mausoleum in the Staufen proprietary monastery of Lorch Abbey , along with her daughter and sons. Her grave, now destroyed, cannot be reconstructed today.
Death Notes: Child - Marie of Hohenstaufen
Husband Private (details suppressed for this person)
Born:
Christened:
Died:
Buried:
Marriage:
Wife Private (details suppressed for this person)
Born:
Christened:
Died:
Buried:
Children
1 M Private (details suppressed for this person)
Born:
Christened:
Died:
Buried:
Spouse: Private
Spouse: Private
Death Notes: Husband - Isaac
Research Notes: Husband - Isaac
Isaac or Ishak (Hebrew : Yitzchak , Yiddish : Yitzchok , Standard Yi, Tiberian Yi; Arabic : or ; "he will laugh"; pronounced /'a?zek/ [1])) was the only child of Abraham and Sarah , and the father of Jacob and Esau , described in the Hebrew Bible . He is regarded as one of the three patriarchs of the Jewish people. According to the Book of Genesis , Abraham was 100 years old when Isaac was born. Isaac died when he was 180 years old, which made him the longest-living patriarch. He was also the only one whose name was not changed, and the only one who did not leave Canaan (although he once tried to leave and God told him not to do so). Compared to Abraham and Jacob, his story is less colorful, relating few incidents of his life.
The New Testament contains several references to Isaac. The early Christian church viewed Abraham's willingness to follow God's command to sacrifice Isaac as an example of faith and obedience.
Muslims honor Ishaq (Isaac) as a prophet of Islam . A few of the children of Isaac are mentioned in the Qur'an . The Qur'an views Isaac as a righteous man, a servant of God , and the father of the Israelites . The Qur'an states that Isaac and his progeny are blessed as long as they uphold their covenant with God. This view, however, ceased to find support among Muslim scholars in later centuries.[2]
Some academic scholars have described Isaac as "a legendary figure", while others view him as "a figure representing tribal history, though as a historical individual" or as "a seminomadic leader".[3]
Biblical narrative
Isaac (Yitschaq, Yischaq) is mentioned by name 80 times in the King James Version of Genesis , 32 times in the remainder of the Hebrew Bible , and 20 times in the New Testament .[7] In the narrative, God calls Isaac the "only son" of Abraham (Gen. 22:12 , 22:16 , cf. Heb. 11:17 ), though Abraham's sons also include Ishmael and six others. Variations of the formula "Abraham, Isaac, and Jacob" occur 23 times in the Hebrew Bible.[8] Isaac is first prophesied at Gen. 12:7 , is born at 21:2 , dies at 35:29 , and is remembered at 50:24 . According to the documentary hypothesis , use of names of God indicates authorship, and form critics variously assign passages like 26:6-11 to the Yahwist source, and 20:1-7 , 21:1-22:14 , and 22:19 to the Elohist source ; this source-critical approach has admitted problems, in that the name "Yahweh " appears in Elohist material.[9] According to the compilation hypothesis, the formulaic use of the word toledoth (generations) indicates that Gen. 11:27-25:19 is Isaac's record through Abraham's death (with Ishmael's record appended), and Gen. 25:19-37:2 is Jacob's record through Isaac's death (with Esau's records appended).[10]
When Sarah was beyond child-bearing age, God told Abraham and Sarah that she would still give birth, at which she privately laughed (Gen. 18:10-12 ). Isaac was born when Abraham was 100, and Abraham circumcised Isaac when the boy was eight days old (21:1-5 ). Isaac was Sarah's first and only child, but Abraham had had another son, Ishmael , thirteen years earlier, borne by Sarah's maidservant, Hagar (16:15 ). After Isaac had been weaned, Sarah saw Ishmael mocking, and urged her husband to banish Hagar and Ishmael so that Isaac would be Abraham's only heir. Abraham was hesitant, but at God's order he listened to his wife's request (21:8-12 ).
Later, God tested Abraham by commanding him to sacrifice his son .[6] Abraham obeyed and took Isaac to mount Moriah .[11] Without murmuring, Isaac let Abraham bind him and lay him upon the altar as a sacrifice. Abraham took the knife and raised his hand to kill his son; at the last minute, the angel of the LORD prevented him from doing so. Instead of Isaac, Abraham sacrificed a ram that was trapped in a thicket nearby.[6] (According to Islam, the Biblical narrative is incorrect and these events happened to Ishmael instead.)
When Isaac was 40, Abraham sent Eliezer , his steward, into Mesopotamia to find a wife for Isaac, from his nephew Bethuel 's family. Eliezer chose Rebekah for Isaac. After many years of marriage to Isaac, Rebekah had still not given birth to a child and was believed to be barren. Isaac prayed for her and she conceived (25:20-21 ). Rebekah gave birth to twin boys, Esau and Jacob . Isaac was 60 years old when his two sons were born (25:24-26 ). Isaac favored Esau, and Rebekah favored Jacob.[6]
As Abraham grew rich, Isaac stayed with his father, and was about 75 when his father died. Like Abraham, Isaac deceived Abimelech about his wife, and Isaac built his business by digging wells, unstopping those that his father had dug and the Philistines had stopped up. Isaac had a vision of God at Beersheba and made a treaty with Abimelech there.
Isaac grew old and became blind. He called his son Esau and directed him to procure some venison for him, in order to receive Isaac's blessing. While Esau was hunting, Jacob deceptively misrepresented himself as Esau to his blind father and obtained his father's blessing, making Jacob Isaac's primary heir, and leaving Esau in an inferior position. Isaac sent Jacob into Mesopotamia to take a wife of his own family. After 20 years working for Laban , Jacob returned home, and he and Esau buried Isaac when Isaac died at the age of 180 (35:28-29 ).[6]
Death Notes: Child - Private
Husband Walter de Weldebof 27
Born: Abt 1201 - <Colmworth, Bedfordshire>, England
Christened:
Died:
Buried:
Marriage:
Wife Isabel 27
Born: Abt 1205 - <Colmworth, Bedfordshire>, England
Christened:
Died:
Buried:
Children
1 F Joan de Weldebof 27
Born: Abt 1227 - <Colmworth, Bedfordshire>, England
Christened:
Died: After 1302
Buried:
Spouse: John I Braybrook (Abt 1220-After 1293) 28
Marr: Abt 1250 - Colmworth, Bedfordshire, England
Husband Roger FitzJohn Clavering de Baliol 29
AKA: Roger FitzJohn de Baliol Clavering
Born: Abt 1239 - <Warkworth, Northumberland>, England
Christened:
Died:
Buried:
Father:
Mother: Ada Baliol (Abt 1206-1251) 29
Marriage:
Wife Isabel 30
Born: Abt 1199 - Northumberland, England
Christened:
Died: After 1256
Buried:
Children
1 M Robert FitzRoger Clavering 29
Born: Abt 1247 - <Clavering, Essex>, England
Christened:
Died: 29 Apr 1310
Buried:
Spouse: Margery La Zouche (Abt 1251- ) 30
Marr: Abt 1265
Husband Sir John Tuchet 4th Baron Audley, Lord Audley 31
Born: 23 Apr 1371
Christened:
Died: 19 Dec 1408
Buried:
Father: John Tuchet (Bef 1361-1372)
Mother:
Marriage:
Wife Isabel
AKA: Elizabeth
Born:
Christened:
Died: After Jun 1405
Buried:
Children
1 M James Touchet 5th Baron Audley 32 33 34
AKA: Tuchet James 5th Baron Audley, James Touchet Lord Audley, James Touchett
Born: Abt 1398
Christened:
Died: 23 Sep 1459 - Blore Heath, Staffordshire, England
Buried: - Darley Abbey, north of Derby, Derbyshire, East Midlands, England
Spouse: Eleanor de Holland (Abt 1406- ) 34 35
Spouse: Margaret de Ros ( -After 1423)
Marr: 24 Feb 1415
Research Notes: Husband - Sir John Tuchet 4th Baron Audley, Lord Audley
Source: Ancestral Roots of Certain American Colonists Who Came to America before 1700 by Frederick Lewis Weis and Walter Lee Sheppard, Jr, ed. by William R. Beall & Kaleen E. Beall (Baltimore, 2008), line 176B-35
Research Notes: Wife - Isabel
Death Notes: Child - James Touchet 5th Baron Audley
Husband Raoul III de Fougères Seigneur de Fougères in Brittany
Born:
Christened:
Died:
Buried:
Marriage:
Wife Isabel de Craon
Born:
Christened:
Died:
Buried:
Children
1 F Jeanne de Fougères Dame of Fougères
Born:
Christened:
Died: After 1273
Buried:
Spouse: Hugh XII de Lusignan Comte de la Marche et Angoulême (Between 1235/1240-After 1270) 36 37
Marr: 29 Jan 1253 or 1254
Research Notes: Husband - Raoul III de Fougères Seigneur de Fougères in Brittany
Research Notes: Wife - Isabel de Craon
Husband Thomas Knollys Mayor of London 38
Born: 1390 - North, Hertfordshire, England
Christened:
Died: 1445 - London, Middlesex, England
Buried:
Father: Thomas Knollys (1360-1435) 38
Mother: Jane (1365- ) 38
Marriage:
Wife Isabell 38
Born: 1380 - England
Christened:
Died: 1461 - England
Buried:
Children
1 M Richard Knollys 38
Born: 1425 - Mimms North, Hertfordshire, England
Christened:
Died: 1485
Buried:
Spouse: Margaret Doyley (1429-1449) 38
Sources