Thierry II Duke of Lorraine and Gertrude of Flanders
Husband Thierry II Duke of Lorraine 1 2
AKA: Dietrich II Duke of Lorraine, Theodoric II "the Valiant" Duke of Lorraine Born: Christened: Died: 1115 Buried:
Father: Gerard IV Count of Alsace, Duke of Upper Lorraine (Bef 1050-1070) 1 3 4 Mother: Hedwig of Namur (Abt 0995-Abt 1080) 1 3
Marriage:
Wife Gertrude of Flanders 5
Born: Abt 1070 Christened: Died: 1117 Buried:
Father: Robert I Count of Flanders (Between 1029/1035-1093) 6 7 Mother: Gertrude of Saxony (Abt 1030-1113) 8 9
Children
1 M Thierry I of Lorraine, Count of Flanders 10 11
AKA: Dietrich I of Lorraine, Count of Alsace, Thierry of Alsace, Thierry Count of Flanders Born: Abt 1099 Christened: Died: 17 Jan 1168 Buried:Spouse: Sybil of Anjou (Abt 1112-1165) 12 13 Marr: 1131
Research Notes: Husband - Thierry II Duke of Lorraine
Second husband of Gertrude of Flanders.
From Wikipedia - Theodoric II, Duke of Lorraine :
Theodoric II (died 1115), called the Valiant, was the duke of Lorraine from 1070 to his death. He was the son and successor of Gerhard and Hedwige de Namur. He is sometimes numbered Theodoric I if the dukes of the House of Ardennes , who ruled in Upper Lorraine from 959 to 1033, are ignored in favour of the dukes of Lower Lorraine as predecessors of the later dukes of Lorraine.
In fact, Sophia, the daughter of Duke Frederick II of the House of Ardennes, who had inherited the counties of Bar and Montbéliard , had a husband named Louis , who contested the succession. In order to receive the support of his brother, he gave him the county of Vaudémont and convened an assembly of nobles, who elected him duke over Louis. Soon Louis was dead, but his son, Theodoric II of Bar , claimed the succession anyway. However, Emperor Henry IV confirmed Theodoric the Valiant in the duchy. Probably for this reason, Theodoric remained faithful to the emperors throughout his rule. He fought the Saxons while they were at war with the Emperor between 1070 and 1078 and he opposed the popes Gregory VII and Urban II when they were in conflict with the Emperor.
In 1095, he planned to take up the Cross (i.e., go on Crusade , specifically the First ), but his ill health provoked him to drop out, nevertheless convincing his barons to go east. Thereafter, he took little part in imperial affairs, preferring not to intervene between Henry IV and his son Henry , or against Lothair of Supplinburg , duke of Saxony .
Family and children
His first wife was Hedwige (d. 1085 or 1090), daughter of Frederick, count of Formbach , they married around 1075.
They had the following issue:Simon , his successor in Lorraine Gertrude (d. 1144), married Floris II of Holland
His second wife was Gertrude (1080-1117), daughter of Robert I of Flanders and Gertrude of Saxony .
They had the following issue:Theodoric (1100-1168), lord of Bitche and count of Flanders (1128-1168) Henry I (d. 1165), bishop of Toul Ida, married Sigefroy (d. 1104), count of Burghausen Ermengarde, married Bernard de Brancion Gisela, married Frederick, count of Saarbrücken
Richmeres Duke of Franconia and Gertrudis
Husband Richmeres Duke of Franconia 14
Born: Abt 543 Christened: Died: Buried:Marriage:
Wife Gertrudis 15
Born: Abt 545 Christened: Died: Buried:
Father: Ausbertus Duke of Moselle (Abt 0514-0570) 16 Mother:
Children
1 F Gerberga 17
Born: Abt 574 Christened: Died: Buried:Spouse: Erchembaldus (Abt 0590-0661) 18
Gerulf Count of Friesland
Husband Gerulf Count of Friesland 19
Born: Abt 845 - <(Netherlands)> Christened: Died: Buried:Marriage:
Wife
Born: Christened: Died: Buried:
Children
1 M Dirk I Count of Holland 19
Born: Abt 900 - Noordwijk-Binnen, Zuid Holland, (Netherlands) Christened: Died: 6 Oct 939 Buried: - Egmond-Binnen, Noord Holland, (Netherlands)Spouse: Gerberge Vermandois (Abt 0939- ) 19
Gervais Lord of Château-du-Loire
Husband Gervais Lord of Château-du-Loire 20
Born: Christened: Died: Buried:Marriage:
Wife
Born: Christened: Died: Buried:
Children
1 F Matilda of Château-du-Loire 20
Born: Christened: Died: Buried:Spouse: Hélie de la Flêche Count of Maine ( -1110) 20 21
Gevase le Breton
Husband Gevase le Breton 22
Born: Abt 960 - Brittany, (France) Christened: Died: Buried:Marriage:
Wife
Born: Christened: Died: Buried:
Children
1 M Robert II de Grandmesnil 22
AKA: Robert II de Grantmesnil Born: Abt 990 - Grandmesnil, (Calvados), Normandy, France Christened: Died: 17 Jun 1039 - France Buried:Spouse: Hawise d'Échauffour (Abt 1007- ) 22
Gewis [Legendary]
Husband Gewis [Legendary] 23 24
Born: Abt 395 Christened: Died: Buried:
Father: Wig [Legendary] (Abt 0369- ) 25 26 Mother:
Marriage:
Wife
Born: Christened: Died: Buried:
Children
1 M Esla [Legendary] 27 28
Born: Abt 421 Christened: Died: Buried:
Research Notes: Husband - Gewis [Legendary]
Regarded as legendary.
From Wikipedia - Gewis :
Gewis appears in the Anglo-Saxon Chronicle as the son of Wig and a descendant of Woden . He is also described as the father of Esla , the father of Elesa , the father of Cerdic of Wessex who invaded Britain and founded the kingdom of Wessex . That an earlier pedigree of the kings of Bernicia is very similar, except that it has Bernic, eponymous ancestors of the Bernicians, in the same place as the later Wessex pedigree substitutes Gewis, eponymous ancestor of the Gewisse or West Saxons, has led to the suggestion that the later Wessex pedigree may have been modified from that of the Bernicians.
Gibica King of the Burgundians
Husband Gibica King of the Burgundians 29
Born: Abt 310 Christened: Died: Buried:Marriage:
Wife
Born: Christened: Died: Buried:
Children
1 M Godomar King of the Burgundians 30
Born: Abt 335 Christened: Died: Buried:
Gilbert Count of Brionne and Count of Eu and Gunnora D'Aunou
Husband Gilbert Count of Brionne and Count of Eu 31 32 33
AKA: Gilbert de Brionne, Gilbert "Crispin" de Brionne, Giselbert "Crispin" de Brionne Born: Abt 1000 - <Normandy>, France Christened: Died: 1040 - Eschafour, (Orne), Normandy, France Buried:
Father: Geoffrey Count of Eu & Count of Brionne (Abt 0953-Abt 1015) 32 34 35 Mother: Haloise de Guînes (Abt 0942- ) 33
Marriage: 1012
Wife Gunnora D'Aunou 32 36
AKA: Gunnora D'Aunou, Gunnora d'Ainon Born: Abt 984 - <France> Christened: Died: Buried:
Children
1 M Richard I FitzGilbert of Clare and Tonbridge 32 37 38
AKA: Richard FitzGilbert de Bienfaite, Richard de Clare, Richard FitzGilbert de Clare of Clare and Tonbridge, Richard I Fitz Gilbert of Clare and Tonbridge, Richard de Tonbridge Born: 1030 - <Bienfaite (Saint-Martin-de-Bienfaite-la-Cressonière), (Calvados)>, Normandy, France Christened: - Brionne, (Eure), Normandy, France Died: Bef Apr 1088 - <Huntingdonshire, England> Buried: - St. Neots, Huntingdonshire, Cambridgeshire, EnglandSpouse: Rohese Giffard (Abt 1034-After 1113) 39 40 Marr: Abt 1054
Birth Notes: Husband - Gilbert Count of Brionne and Count of Eu
FamilySearch has b. abt 1000, Normandy, France.
Death Notes: Husband - Gilbert Count of Brionne and Count of Eu
From Wikipedia "Gilbert, Count of Brionne" - "A number of Norman barons including Ralph de Gacé would not accept an illegitimate son as their leader. In 1040 an attempt was made to kill William but the plot failed. Gilbert however was murdered while he was peaceably riding near Eschafour.[2] It is believed two of his killers were Ralph of Wacy and Robert de Vitot. This appears to have been an act of vengeance for the wrongs inflicted upon the orphan children of Giroie by Gilbert.,[3] and it is not clear what Ralph de Gacé had to do in the business.[a] Fearing they might meet their father's fate, his sons Richard and his brother Baldwin were conveyed by their friends to the court of Baldwin, Count of Flanders."
Research Notes: Husband - Gilbert Count of Brionne and Count of Eu
His mother was apparently Haloise de Guînes. Father uncertain.
From Wikipedia - Gilbert, Count of Brionne :
Gilbert or Giselbert "Crispin", (1000-1040) was a Norman noble, Count of Eu , and Count of Brionne in northern France .
Parentage
The reference listed below states he was the son of Geoffrey, Count of Eu (b. 962) who was an illegitimate child of Richard the Fearless . Some sources say Gislebert was the son of Godfrey of Brionne and Eu , others that he was the son of Gilbert, Baron of Bec . Still others claim that his father was Crispin de Bec (b. 940). Gislebert's mother was apparently Haloise de Guînes (b. 942).
Life
Whatever his parentage, he inherited Brionne, becoming one of the most powerful landowners in Normandy . He married Gunnora d'Aunou (Gunmore d'Ainon) in 1012. He had children by his wife and a mistress. The name "Crispin" is said to have referred to the family's erect curly hair.
Gislebert was a generous benefactor to Bec Abbey founded by his former knight Herluin in 1031.
When Robert II, Duke of Normandy died in 1035 his illegitimate son William inherited his father's title. Several leading Normans, including Gilbert of Brionne, Osbern the Seneschal and Alan of Brittany, became William's guardians.
Death
A number of Norman barons including Raoul de Gacé would not accept an illegitimate son as their leader. In 1040 an attempt was made to kill William but the plot failed. Gilbert however was murdered while he was peaceably riding near Eschafour. It is believed two of his killers were Ralph of Wacy and Robert de Vitot. This appears to have been an act of vengeance for wrongs inflicted upon the orphan children of Giroie by Gilbert, and it is not clear what Raoul de Gacé had to do in the business. Fearing they might meet their father's fate, his sons Richard and his brother Baldwin were conveyed by their friends to the court of Baldwin, Count of Flanders.
Children
Gilbert was the great progenitor of the illustrious house of Candia of the Viscount of Geneva and in England of the illustrious house of de Clare , of the Barons Fitz Walter, and the Earls of Gloucester and Hertford .Esilia Crispin , (1028-1072), m. William Malet , Seigneur of Granville, (ca. 1042). Roger Crispin de Candiæ, (1029-10--), m. Lady of Burgundes , Seigneur of Chateau de Candie in Chambery , latter Viscount of Geneva; founder of the family de Candiæ. Sir Richard Fitz Gilbert (1030-1090), m. Rohese Giffard (1034-aft. 1113) Baldwin FitzGilbert (d. 1090)
Birth Notes: Child - Richard I FitzGilbert of Clare and Tonbridge
FamilySearch has b. abt 1024, Bienfaite, Normandy, France.
Death Notes: Child - Richard I FitzGilbert of Clare and Tonbridge
Ancestral Roots, line 130-27 (Maud de St. Liz) has d. abt. 1090; line 184-2 has d. bef Apr 1088.
http://www.smokykin.com/ged/f001/f95/a0019582.htm has d. 1090 in Huntingdon, England.
Gilbert de Bois l'Évêque
Husband Gilbert de Bois l'Évêque 42
AKA: Gilbert de Bois l'Éveque Born: Abt 1000 - Blois, (Loire-et-Cher), France Christened: Died: Buried:Marriage:
Wife
Born: Christened: Died: Buried:
Children
1 F Emma de Bois l'Évêque 43
AKA: Emma de Bois l'Éveque Born: Abt 1028 - Bois l'Évêque, (Seine-Maritime), Normandy, France Christened: Died: Buried:Spouse: Hugh de Lacy (Abt 1018- ) 44 Marr: Abt 1042 - Laci (Lassy), (Calvados), Normandy, France
Gilbert Baron of Mello
Husband Gilbert Baron of Mello 45
Born: Abt 1050 - <Mello, Oise>, France Christened: Died: After 25 Feb 1084 Buried:Marriage:
Wife
Born: Christened: Died: Buried:
Children
1 M Aubrey de Mello 45
AKA: Aubrey de Mello Born: Abt 1080 - <Mello, (Oise, Picardy)>, France Christened: Died: Buried:Spouse: Aelis de Dammartin (Abt 1084- ) 45 Marr: Abt 1104
Sources
1. Weis, Frederick Lewis and Walter Lee Sheppard, Jr; William R. Beall and Kaleen E. Beall, eds, Ancestral Roots of Certain American Colonists Who Came to America before 1700 (8th ed. Baltimore: Genealogical Publishing Company, 2008.), Line 164-24 (Gertrude of Flanders).
2. Wikipedia.org, Theodoric II, Duke of Lorraine. Cit. Date: 14 Sep 2009.
3. http://www.familysearch.org, Cit. Date: 9 Aug 2009.
4. Wikipedia.org, Gerard, Duke of Lorraine. Cit. Date: 14 Sep 2009.
5. Weis, Frederick Lewis and Walter Lee Sheppard, Jr; William R. Beall and Kaleen E. Beall, eds, Ancestral Roots of Certain American Colonists Who Came to America before 1700 (8th ed. Baltimore: Genealogical Publishing Company, 2008.), Line 164-24.
6. Weis, Frederick Lewis and Walter Lee Sheppard, Jr; William R. Beall and Kaleen E. Beall, eds, Ancestral Roots of Certain American Colonists Who Came to America before 1700 (8th ed. Baltimore: Genealogical Publishing Company, 2008.), Line 164-23.
7. Wikipedia.org, Robert I, Count of Flanders. Cit. Date: 14 Sep 2009.
8. Weis, Frederick Lewis and Walter Lee Sheppard, Jr; William R. Beall and Kaleen E. Beall, eds, Ancestral Roots of Certain American Colonists Who Came to America before 1700 (8th ed. Baltimore: Genealogical Publishing Company, 2008.), Line 164-23 (Robert I).
9. Wikipedia.org, Gertrude of Saxony.
10. Weis, Frederick Lewis and Walter Lee Sheppard, Jr; William R. Beall and Kaleen E. Beall, eds, Ancestral Roots of Certain American Colonists Who Came to America before 1700 (8th ed. Baltimore: Genealogical Publishing Company, 2008.), Line 164-25, 165-25, 129-25 (Sybil of Anjou).
11. Wikipedia.org, Thierry, Count of Flanders. Cit. Date: 14 Sep 2009.
12. Weis, Frederick Lewis and Walter Lee Sheppard, Jr; William R. Beall and Kaleen E. Beall, eds, Ancestral Roots of Certain American Colonists Who Came to America before 1700 (8th ed. Baltimore: Genealogical Publishing Company, 2008.), Line 129-25, 165-25 (Thierry of Lorraine).
13. Wikipedia.org, Sibylla of Anjou. Cit. Date: 15 Sep 2009.
14. http://wc.rootsweb.ancestry.com/cgi-bin/igm.cgi. Rec. Date: 25 Aug 2001, http://wc.rootsweb.com/cgi-bin/igm.cgi?op=GET&db=:3174654&id=I593875381.
15. http://wc.rootsweb.ancestry.com/cgi-bin/igm.cgi. Rec. Date: 25 Aug 2001, http://wc.rootsweb.com/cgi-bin/igm.cgi?op=GET&db=:3174654&id=I593875382.
16. http://wc.rootsweb.ancestry.com/cgi-bin/igm.cgi. Rec. Date: 25 Aug 2001, http://wc.rootsweb.com/cgi-bin/igm.cgi?op=GET&db=:3174654&id=I593875383.
17. http://wc.rootsweb.ancestry.com/cgi-bin/igm.cgi. Rec. Date: 25 Aug 2001, http://wc.rootsweb.com/cgi-bin/igm.cgi?op=GET&db=:3174654&id=I593875380.
18. http://wc.rootsweb.ancestry.com/cgi-bin/igm.cgi. Rec. Date: 25 Aug 2001, http://wc.rootsweb.com/cgi-bin/igm.cgi?op=GET&db=:3174654&id=I593875378.
19. http://www.familysearch.org, Cit. Date: 20 Jul 2009.
20. Wikipedia.org, Elias I of Maine. Cit. Date: 15 Sep 2009.
21. Weis, Frederick Lewis and Walter Lee Sheppard, Jr; William R. Beall and Kaleen E. Beall, eds, Ancestral Roots of Certain American Colonists Who Came to America before 1700 (8th ed. Baltimore: Genealogical Publishing Company, 2008.), Line 118-24 (Fulk V).
22. http://www.familysearch.org, Cit. Date: 19 Jul 2009.
23. http://wc.rootsweb.ancestry.com/cgi-bin/igm.cgi. Rec. Date: 25 Aug 2001, http://wc.rootsweb.com/cgi-bin/igm.cgi?op=GET&db=:3174654&id=I593879651.
24. Wikipedia.org, Gewis.
25. http://wc.rootsweb.ancestry.com/cgi-bin/igm.cgi. Rec. Date: 25 Aug 2001, http://wc.rootsweb.com/cgi-bin/igm.cgi?op=GET&db=:3174654&id=I593879796.
26. Wikipedia.org, Ket and Wig.
27. http://wc.rootsweb.ancestry.com/cgi-bin/igm.cgi. Rec. Date: 25 Aug 2001, http://wc.rootsweb.com/cgi-bin/igm.cgi?op=GET&db=:3174654&id=I593879650.
28. Wikipedia.org, Esla (Anglo-Saxon king).
29. http://www.familysearch.org, Compact Disc #94 Pin #316472 (submitted by Samuel Taylor "Sam" Geer).
30. http://www.familysearch.org, Compact Disc #94 Pin #316471 (submitted by Samuel Taylor "Sam" Geer).
31. Website - Genealogy, http://www.smokykin.com/ged/f001/f96/a0019603.htm.
32. http://www.familysearch.org, Cit. Date: 30 Jul 2009.
33. Wikipedia.org, Gilbert, Count of Brionne. Cit. Date: 17 Oct 2009.
34. Website - Genealogy, http://www.smokykin.com/ged/f001/f87/a0018719.htm.
35. Wikipedia.org, "Geoffrey, Count of Eu." Cit. Date: 18 Jul 2013.
36. Website - Genealogy, http://www.smokykin.com/ged/f001/f96/a0019604.htm.
37. Weis, Frederick Lewis and Walter Lee Sheppard, Jr; William R. Beall and Kaleen E. Beall, eds, Ancestral Roots of Certain American Colonists Who Came to America before 1700 (8th ed. Baltimore: Genealogical Publishing Company, 2008.), Line 184-2 (Rohese Giffard), 130-27 (Maud de St. Liz).
38. Website - Genealogy, http://www.smokykin.com/ged/f001/f95/a0019582.htm.
39. Weis, Frederick Lewis and Walter Lee Sheppard, Jr; William R. Beall and Kaleen E. Beall, eds, Ancestral Roots of Certain American Colonists Who Came to America before 1700 (8th ed. Baltimore: Genealogical Publishing Company, 2008.), Line 184-2, 130-27 (Maud de St. Liz.).
40. Website - Genealogy, http://www.smokykin.com/ged/f001/f95/a0019583.htm.
41. Wikipedia.org, Richard Fitz Gilbert. Cit. Date: 17 Oct 2009.
42. http://www.familysearch.org, Compact Disc #125 Pin #887229 Maitland Dirk Brower.
43. http://www.familysearch.org, Compact Disc #125 Pin #877628 Maitland Dirk Brower.
44. http://www.familysearch.org, Compact Disc #125 Pin #877627 Maitland Dirk Brower.
45. http://www.familysearch.org, Cit. Date: 8 Aug 2009.
1 Weis, Frederick Lewis and Walter Lee Sheppard, Jr; William R. Beall and Kaleen E. Beall, eds, <i>Ancestral Roots of Certain American Colonists Who Came to America before 1700</i> (8th ed. Baltimore: Genealogical Publishing Company, 2008.), Line 164-24 (Gertrude of Flanders).
2 <i>Wikipedia.org</i>, Theodoric II, Duke of Lorraine. Cit. Date: 14 Sep 2009.
3 <i>http://www.familysearch.org</i>, Cit. Date: 9 Aug 2009.
4 <i>Wikipedia.org</i>, Gerard, Duke of Lorraine. Cit. Date: 14 Sep 2009.
5 Weis, Frederick Lewis and Walter Lee Sheppard, Jr; William R. Beall and Kaleen E. Beall, eds, <i>Ancestral Roots of Certain American Colonists Who Came to America before 1700</i> (8th ed. Baltimore: Genealogical Publishing Company, 2008.), Line 164-24.
6 Weis, Frederick Lewis and Walter Lee Sheppard, Jr; William R. Beall and Kaleen E. Beall, eds, <i>Ancestral Roots of Certain American Colonists Who Came to America before 1700</i> (8th ed. Baltimore: Genealogical Publishing Company, 2008.), Line 164-23.
7 <i>Wikipedia.org</i>, Robert I, Count of Flanders. Cit. Date: 14 Sep 2009.
8 Weis, Frederick Lewis and Walter Lee Sheppard, Jr; William R. Beall and Kaleen E. Beall, eds, <i>Ancestral Roots of Certain American Colonists Who Came to America before 1700</i> (8th ed. Baltimore: Genealogical Publishing Company, 2008.), Line 164-23 (Robert I).
9 <i>Wikipedia.org</i>, Gertrude of Saxony.
10 Weis, Frederick Lewis and Walter Lee Sheppard, Jr; William R. Beall and Kaleen E. Beall, eds, <i>Ancestral Roots of Certain American Colonists Who Came to America before 1700</i> (8th ed. Baltimore: Genealogical Publishing Company, 2008.), Line 164-25, 165-25, 129-25 (Sybil of Anjou).
11 <i>Wikipedia.org</i>, Thierry, Count of Flanders. Cit. Date: 14 Sep 2009.
12 Weis, Frederick Lewis and Walter Lee Sheppard, Jr; William R. Beall and Kaleen E. Beall, eds, <i>Ancestral Roots of Certain American Colonists Who Came to America before 1700</i> (8th ed. Baltimore: Genealogical Publishing Company, 2008.), Line 129-25, 165-25 (Thierry of Lorraine).
13 <i>Wikipedia.org</i>, Sibylla of Anjou. Cit. Date: 15 Sep 2009.
14 <i>http://wc.rootsweb.ancestry.com/cgi-bin/igm.cgi</i>. Rec. Date: 25 Aug 2001, http://wc.rootsweb.com/cgi-bin/igm.cgi?op=GET&db=:3174654&id=I593875381.
15 <i>http://wc.rootsweb.ancestry.com/cgi-bin/igm.cgi</i>. Rec. Date: 25 Aug 2001, http://wc.rootsweb.com/cgi-bin/igm.cgi?op=GET&db=:3174654&id=I593875382.
16 <i>http://wc.rootsweb.ancestry.com/cgi-bin/igm.cgi</i>. Rec. Date: 25 Aug 2001, http://wc.rootsweb.com/cgi-bin/igm.cgi?op=GET&db=:3174654&id=I593875383.
17 <i>http://wc.rootsweb.ancestry.com/cgi-bin/igm.cgi</i>. Rec. Date: 25 Aug 2001, http://wc.rootsweb.com/cgi-bin/igm.cgi?op=GET&db=:3174654&id=I593875380.
18 <i>http://wc.rootsweb.ancestry.com/cgi-bin/igm.cgi</i>. Rec. Date: 25 Aug 2001, http://wc.rootsweb.com/cgi-bin/igm.cgi?op=GET&db=:3174654&id=I593875378.
19 <i>http://www.familysearch.org</i>, Cit. Date: 20 Jul 2009.
20 <i>Wikipedia.org</i>, Elias I of Maine. Cit. Date: 15 Sep 2009.
21 Weis, Frederick Lewis and Walter Lee Sheppard, Jr; William R. Beall and Kaleen E. Beall, eds, <i>Ancestral Roots of Certain American Colonists Who Came to America before 1700</i> (8th ed. Baltimore: Genealogical Publishing Company, 2008.), Line 118-24 (Fulk V).
22 <i>http://www.familysearch.org</i>, Cit. Date: 19 Jul 2009.
23 <i>http://wc.rootsweb.ancestry.com/cgi-bin/igm.cgi</i>. Rec. Date: 25 Aug 2001, http://wc.rootsweb.com/cgi-bin/igm.cgi?op=GET&db=:3174654&id=I593879651.
24 <i>Wikipedia.org</i>, Gewis.
25 <i>http://wc.rootsweb.ancestry.com/cgi-bin/igm.cgi</i>. Rec. Date: 25 Aug 2001, http://wc.rootsweb.com/cgi-bin/igm.cgi?op=GET&db=:3174654&id=I593879796.
26 <i>Wikipedia.org</i>, Ket and Wig.
27 <i>http://wc.rootsweb.ancestry.com/cgi-bin/igm.cgi</i>. Rec. Date: 25 Aug 2001, http://wc.rootsweb.com/cgi-bin/igm.cgi?op=GET&db=:3174654&id=I593879650.
28 <i>Wikipedia.org</i>, Esla (Anglo-Saxon king).
29 <i>http://www.familysearch.org</i>, Compact Disc #94 Pin #316472 (submitted by Samuel Taylor "Sam" Geer).
30 <i>http://www.familysearch.org</i>, Compact Disc #94 Pin #316471 (submitted by Samuel Taylor "Sam" Geer).
31 Website - Genealogy, http://www.smokykin.com/ged/f001/f96/a0019603.htm.
32 <i>http://www.familysearch.org</i>, Cit. Date: 30 Jul 2009.
33 <i>Wikipedia.org</i>, Gilbert, Count of Brionne. Cit. Date: 17 Oct 2009.
34 Website - Genealogy, http://www.smokykin.com/ged/f001/f87/a0018719.htm.
35 <i>Wikipedia.org</i>, "Geoffrey, Count of Eu." Cit. Date: 18 Jul 2013.
36 Website - Genealogy, http://www.smokykin.com/ged/f001/f96/a0019604.htm.
37 Weis, Frederick Lewis and Walter Lee Sheppard, Jr; William R. Beall and Kaleen E. Beall, eds, <i>Ancestral Roots of Certain American Colonists Who Came to America before 1700</i> (8th ed. Baltimore: Genealogical Publishing Company, 2008.), Line 184-2 (Rohese Giffard), 130-27 (Maud de St. Liz).
38 Website - Genealogy, http://www.smokykin.com/ged/f001/f95/a0019582.htm.
39 Weis, Frederick Lewis and Walter Lee Sheppard, Jr; William R. Beall and Kaleen E. Beall, eds, <i>Ancestral Roots of Certain American Colonists Who Came to America before 1700</i> (8th ed. Baltimore: Genealogical Publishing Company, 2008.), Line 184-2, 130-27 (Maud de St. Liz.).
40 Website - Genealogy, http://www.smokykin.com/ged/f001/f95/a0019583.htm.
41 <i>Wikipedia.org</i>, Richard Fitz Gilbert. Cit. Date: 17 Oct 2009.
42 <i>http://www.familysearch.org</i>, Compact Disc #125 Pin #887229 Maitland Dirk Brower.
43 <i>http://www.familysearch.org</i>, Compact Disc #125 Pin #877628 Maitland Dirk Brower.
44 <i>http://www.familysearch.org</i>, Compact Disc #125 Pin #877627 Maitland Dirk Brower.
45
<i>http://www.familysearch.org</i>, Cit. Date: 8 Aug 2009.
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