These pages represent the work of an amateur researcher and should not be used as the sole source by any other researcher. Few primary sources have been available. Corrections and contributions are encouraged and welcomed. -- Karen (Johnson) Fish

The Johnson-Wallace & Fish-Kirk Families




Pons




Husband Pons

            AKA: Pontius
           Born: Abt 1034 - Gloucestershire, England
     Christened: 
           Died: Bef 1086
         Buried: 
       Marriage: 



Wife

           Born: 
     Christened: 
           Died: 
         Buried: 


Children
1 M Richard Fitz Pons de Clifford

           Born: Abt 1064 - Clifford Castle, Clifford, Hereford, England
     Christened: 
           Died: 
         Buried: 




Research Notes: Husband - Pons

http://worldconnect.rootsweb.com/cgi-bin/igm.cgi?op=GET&db=mjr6387&id=I142758


Richard II Duke of Normandy and Poppa




Husband Richard II Duke of Normandy 1 2 3 4

            AKA: Richard II 4th Duc de Normandie, Richard II "the Good" Duke of Normandy
           Born: Abt 985 - Normandy, France
     Christened: 
           Died: 28 Aug 1027 - Fécamp, (Seine-Maritime), Normandy, France
         Buried:  - Fécamp, (Seine-Maritime), Normandy, France


         Father: Richard I Duke of Normandy (0933-0996) 5 6 7 8 9
         Mother: Gunnora de Crepon (Abt 0936-Abt 1031) 10 11 12 13


       Marriage: Abt 1024

   Other Spouse: Judith of Brittany (Abt 0982-1017) 1 14 15 - Abt 996 - Normandy, France

   Other Spouse: Astrid of Denmark (      -      ) - 1017

Events

• Duke of Normandy: 20 Nov 996.




Wife Poppa

           Born: 
     Christened: 
           Died: 
         Buried: 


Children

Birth Notes: Husband - Richard II Duke of Normandy

FamilySearch and thepeerage.com have b. abt. 963.


Research Notes: Husband - Richard II Duke of Normandy

Duke of Normandy 20 Nov. 996-1026.

From Wikipedia - Richard II, Duke of Normandy :

Richard II (born 23 August 963, in Normandy , France - 28 August 1027, in Normandy), called the Good, was the son and heir of Richard I the Fearless and Gunnora . He succeeded his father as Duke of Normandy in 996. Richard held his own against a peasant insurrection, and helped Robert II of France against the duchy of Burgundy . He also repelled an English attack on the Cotentin Peninsula that was led by Ethelred II of England. He pursued a reform of the Norman monasteries.

Richard attempted to improve relations with England through his sister's marriage to King Ethelred, but she was strongly disliked by the English. However, this connection later gave his grandson, William the Conqueror , part of his claim to the throne of England.

He married firstly (996) Judith (982-1017), daughter of Conan I of Brittany , by whom he had the following issue:
Richard (c. 1002/4), duke of Normandy
Adelaide (c. 1003/5), married Renaud I, Count of Burgundy
Robert (c. 1005/7), duke of Normandy
William (c. 1007/9), monk at Fécamp , d. 1025
Eleanor (c. 1011/3), married to Baldwin IV, Count of Flanders
Matilda (c. 1013/5), nun at Fecamp, d. 1033

Secondly he married Poppa of Envermeu, by whom he had the following issue:
Mauger (c. 1019), Archbishop of Rouen
William (c. 1020/5), count of Arques


Traditionally, Richard had a third wife named Astrid (Estritha), daughter of Sweyn Forkbeard , King of England , Denmark , and Norway , and Sigrid the Haughty . This is extremely unlikely, however, given the political situation.


Research Notes: Wife - Poppa

Source: Ancestral Roots of Certain American Colonists Who Came to America before 1700 by Frederick Lewis Weis and Walter Lee Sheppard, Jr, ed. by William R. Beall & Kaleen E. Beall (Baltimore, 2008), line 121E-21 (Richard II)


Hrólf "Ganger" Rognvaldsson Princeps Nortmannorum and Poppa de Bayeux




Husband Hrólf "Ganger" Rognvaldsson Princeps Nortmannorum 7 16 17 18 19

            AKA: Ganger Rolf "the Viking" 1st Count of Normandy, Rollo I "the Wise" Princeps Nortmannorum, Rollo Rognvaldsson Duke of Normandy, Rollo Rögnvaldsson Duke of Normandy
           Born: Between 846 and 870 - <Maer, Nord-Trondelag, (Norway)>
     Christened: 
           Died: Abt 929 - <Rouen, (Seine-Maritime)>, Normandy, Neustria, France


         Buried: 929 - Notre Dame, Rouen, (Seine-Maritime), Normandy, Neustria (France)


         Father: Ragnvald Eysteinsson Earl of Møre (Abt 0830-0890) 20 21 22 23 24
         Mother: Ragnhild Hrólfsdatter (Abt 0857-      ) 25 26 27


       Marriage: 886



Wife Poppa de Bayeux 7 28 29

           Born: Abt 872 - <Bayeux, (Calvados)>, Normandy, France
     Christened: 
           Died: 
         Buried: 


         Father: Bérenger of Bayeux (Abt 0847-0896) 7 30 31
         Mother: 




Children
1 F Adele de Normandie 32

            AKA: Adele Gerloc de Normandie, Gerloc de Normandie
           Born:  - <Normandy>, France
     Christened: 
           Died: After 969
         Buried: 
         Spouse: William I Count of Poitou (0900-0963) 33
           Marr: 935


2 M William I "Longsword" Duke of Normandy 7 34 35

            AKA: Guillaume I "Longue Épée" Duke of Normandy, William I "Longsword"
           Born: Abt 892 - <Rouen, (Seine-Maritime), Normandy, Neustria, (France)>
     Christened: 
           Died: 17 Dec 942 - Normandy, France
         Buried: 
         Spouse: Sprote de Bretagne à la Danoise (Abt 0911-Abt 0972) 7 36 37
         Spouse: Luitgarde of Vermandois (Abt 0920-After 0978)



Birth Notes: Husband - Hrólf "Ganger" Rognvaldsson Princeps Nortmannorum

FamilySearch has b. abt 846, Maer, Nord-Trondelag, Norway. Other sources have him born between 860 and 870.


Death Notes: Husband - Hrólf "Ganger" Rognvaldsson Princeps Nortmannorum

http://www.smokykin.com/ged/f002/f00/a0020075.htm has d. 927 in Rouen, France. Ancestral Roots has d. 929.
FamilySearch has d. abt 931, Rouen, Normandie, Neustria.


Research Notes: Husband - Hrólf "Ganger" Rognvaldsson Princeps Nortmannorum

Father may have been Ragnvald Eysteinsson.

Source: familysearch.org (Kevin Bradford) has d. 927-932.

Source: Ancestral Roots of Certain American Colonists Who Came to America before 1700 by Frederick Lewis Weis and Walter Lee Sheppard, Jr, ed. by William R. Beall & Kaleen E. Beall (Baltimore, 2008), line 121E-18. "GANGER ROLF, "the Viking" (or ROLLO), 1st Count of Normandy, banished from Norway to the Hebrides abt 876, 890 participated in Viking attack on Bayeux, where Count Berenger of Bayeux was killed, and his dau. Poppa captured and taken 886, by Rollo (now called Count of Rouen) as his 'Danish' wife. Under Treaty of St. Claire, 911, rec'd the County of Normandy from CHARLES III, (148017) 'the Simple'; d. 929, bur. Notre Dame, Rouen."
-------------
From Wikipedia - Rollo :

Rollo (c. 860 - c. 932), baptised Robert, was the founder and first ruler of the Viking principality in what soon became known as Normandy .

The name Rollo is a Frankish -Latin name probably taken from the Old Norse name Hrólfr (cf. the latinization of Hrólfr into the similar Roluo in the Gesta Danorum , modern Scandinavian name Rolf ).


Historical evidence
Rollo was a Viking leader of contested origin. Dudo of St. Quentin , in his De moribus et actis primorum Normannorum ducum (Latin), tells of a powerful Danish nobleman at loggerheads with the king of Denmark , who had two sons, Gurim and Rollo; upon his death, Rollo was expelled and Gurim killed. William of Jumièges also mentions Rollo's prehistory in his Gesta Normannorum Ducum , but states that he was from the Danish town of Fakse . Wace , writing some 300 years after the event in his Roman de Rou , also mentions the two brothers (as Rou and Garin), as does the Orkneyinga Saga .

Norwegian and Icelandic historians identified this Rollo with a son of Rognvald Eysteinsson , Earl of Møre , in Western Norway , based on medieval Norwegian and Icelandic sagas that mention a Ganger Hrolf (Hrolf, the Walker). The oldest source of this version is the Latin Historia Norvegiae , written in Norway at the end of the 12th century. This Hrolf fell foul of the Norwegian king Harald Fairhair , and became a Jarl in Normandy. The nickname of that character came from being so big that no horse could carry him.

The question of Rollo's Danish or Norwegian origins was a matter of heated dispute between Norwegian and Danish historians of the 19th and early 20th century, particularly in the run-up to Normandy's 1000-year-anniversary in 1911. Today, historians still disagree on this question, but most would now agree that a certain conclusion can never be reached.

Invasion of France
In 885, Rollo was one of the lesser leaders of the Viking fleet which besieged Paris under Sigfred second official king of the Danes. Legend has it that an emissary was sent by the king to find the chieftain and negotiate terms. When he asked for this information, the Vikings replied that they were all chieftains in their own right. In 886, when Sigfred retreated in return for tribute, Rollo stayed behind and was eventually bought off and sent to harry Burgundy .

Later, he returned to the Seine with his followers (known as Danes, or Norsemen). He invaded the area of northern France now known as Normandy .

In 911 Rollo's forces were defeated at the Battle of Chartres by the troops of King Charles the Simple .[1] In the aftermath of the battle, rather than pay Rollo to leave, as was customary, Charles the Simple understood that he could no longer hold back their onslaught, and decided to give Rollo the coastal lands they occupied under the condition that he defend against other raiding Vikings. In the Treaty of Saint-Clair-sur-Epte (911) with King Charles, Rollo pledged feudal allegiance to the king, changed his name to the Frankish version, and converted to Christianity , probably with the baptismal name Robert.[2] In return, King Charles granted Rollo the lower Seine area (today's upper Normandy) and the titular rulership of Normandy, centred around the city of Rouen . There exists some argument among historians as to whether Rollo was a "duke " (dux) or whether his position was equivalent to that of a "count " under Charlemagne . According to legend, when required to kiss the foot of King Charles, as a condition of the treaty, he refused to perform so great a humiliation, and when Charles extended his foot to Rollo, Rollo ordered one of his warriors to do so in his place. His warrior then lifted Charles' foot up to his mouth causing him to fall to the ground.[3]

Settlement
Initially, Rollo stayed true to his word of defending the shores of the Seine river in accordance to the Treaty of Saint-Clair-sur-Epte , but in time he and his followers had very different ideas. Rollo began to divide the land between the Epte and Risle rivers among his chieftains and settled there with a de facto capital in Rouen. With these settlements, Rollo began to further raid other Frankish lands, now from the security of a settled homeland, rather than a mobile fleet. Eventually, however, Rollo's men intermarried with the local women, and became more settled as Frenchmen. At the time of his death, Rollo's expansion of his territory had extended as far west as the Vire River .

Death
Sometime around 927, Rollo passed the fief in Normandy to his son, William Longsword . Rollo may have lived for a few years after that, but certainly died before 933. According to the historian Adhemar , 'As Rollo's death drew near, he went mad and had a hundred Christian prisoners beheaded in front of him in honour of the gods whom he had worshipped , and in the end distributed a hundred pounds of gold around the churches in honour of the true God in whose name he had accepted baptism.' Even though Rollo had converted to Christianity , some of his pagan roots surfaced at the end.

Legacy
Rollo is a direct ancestor of William the Conqueror . Through William, he is an ancestor of the present-day British royal family .

The "Clameur de Haro " in the Channel Islands is, supposedly, an appeal to Rollo.



Birth Notes: Wife - Poppa de Bayeux

FamilySearch has b. abt 872, Evreux, Neustria


Research Notes: Wife - Poppa de Bayeux

"Danish" wife of Rollo (Ganger Rolf).

Source: familysearch.org (Kevin Bradford)

Source: Ancestral Roots of Certain American Colonists Who Came to America before 1700 by Frederick Lewis Weis and Walter Lee Sheppard, Jr, ed. by William R. Beall & Kaleen E. Beall (Baltimore, 2008), line 121E-18 (Ganger Rolf).
---
From http://cybergata.com/roots/465.htm :
A wife or mistress of Rollo of Normandy, and mother of Rollo's son and successor William "Longsword", her name is reported only by the often unreliable Dudo [ii, 16 (pp. 38-9); iii, 36 (p. 57)] and by sources depending on him (hence the quotes around her name). The only certain fact that is known about her comes from the contemporary (or nearly so) Planctus of her son William, which states (without naming her) that she was a Christian, and that her son William was born overseas.

~Stewart Baldwin


Notes: Marriage

Source: Ancestral Roots of Certain American Colonists Who Came to America before 1700 by Frederick Lewis Weis and Walter Lee Sheppard, Jr, ed. by William R. Beall & Kaleen E. Beall (Baltimore, 2008), line 121E-18 (Ganger Rolf).

http://www.smokykin.com/ged/f002/f00/a0020076.htm has m. 891.


Birth Notes: Child - William I "Longsword" Duke of Normandy

May have been born in Bayeux or Rouen.

From http://cybergata.com/roots/443.htm :
Web Reference: Guilliaume "Longue Épée" by Stewat Baldwin. 174
William's place of birth was probably not on the European mainland, but possibly in Britain, Ireland, Scandinavia, or one of the islands held by Vikings.


Death Notes: Child - William I "Longsword" Duke of Normandy

Killed in treacherous ambush by servants of Theobald of Blois and Arnulf of Flanders


George Treleaven and Prudence




Husband George Treleaven

           Born: 20 Mar 1601 - St. Austell, Cornwall, England
     Christened: Mar 1601 - St. Austell, Cornwall, England
           Died: Jul 1647 - Cornwall, England
         Buried: 31 Jul 1647 - Lanlivery, (Restormel), Cornwall, England


         Father: John Treleaven (Abt 1570-1634)
         Mother: Joana Hawkey (      -1622)


       Marriage: 



Wife Prudence

           Born: 
     Christened: 
           Died: 15 Oct 1685 - Lanlivery, (Restormel), Cornwall, England
         Buried: 


Children
1 M Thomas Treleaven

           Born: Sep 1627 - Cornwall, England
     Christened: 16 Sep 1627 - Luxulyan, (Restormel), Cornwall, England
           Died: Apr 1693 - Lanlivery, (Restormel), Cornwall, England
         Buried: 10 Apr 1693 - Lanlivery, (Restormel), Cornwall, England
         Spouse: Martha < > (      -1674)



Research Notes: Husband - George Treleaven

Source: http://wc.rootsweb.ancestry.com/cgi-bin/igm.cgi?op=GET&db=alh001&id=I2644


Research Notes: Wife - Prudence

Source: http://wc.rootsweb.ancestry.com/cgi-bin/igm.cgi?op=GET&db=alh001&id=I2645


Richard Beard of South River and Rachel




Husband Richard Beard of South River 38

           Born: 
     Christened: 
           Died: 
         Buried: 
       Marriage: 



Wife Rachel 38

           Born: 
     Christened: 
           Died: 
         Buried: 


Children
1 F Rachel Beard 38

           Born: 
     Christened: 
           Died: 
         Buried: 
         Spouse: Thomas Stimpson (      -      ) 38




James Plemons and Rachel




Husband James Plemons 39 40

           Born: 1793 - Burke, North Carolina, United States
     Christened: 
           Died: 1849 - Habersham, Georgia, United States
         Buried: 


         Father: John Plemons (1772-1865) 41 42 43
         Mother: Cecelia Hailey (Abt 1772-1851) 44 45


       Marriage: 1813 - Buncomb, North Carolina, United States



Wife Rachel 46

           Born: 1794 - South Carolina, United States
     Christened: 
           Died: 1858 - Gordon, Georgia, United States
         Buried: 


Children

Birth Notes: Husband - James Plemons

May have been born in 1792.


Research Notes: Husband - James Plemons

There may have been 3 men named James Plemons, all born around the same time and place but with different parents, who were related to each other. It is confusing at this point, and not well documented or sufficiently researched as yet. I believe that the James who was married to Rachel was the son of Thomas Plemons.


Radbart King of Garderige and Aud Ivarsdatter




Husband Radbart King of Garderige 27

           Born: Abt 638 - <Garderige, Russia>
     Christened: 
           Died: 
         Buried: 
       Marriage: Abt 669 - Denmark



Wife Aud Ivarsdatter 27

           Born: Abt 633 - <Am, Denmark>
     Christened: 
           Died: 
         Buried: 


         Father: Ivar "Vidfame" Halfdansson King in Sweden (Abt 0612-0647) 27
         Mother: Gauthild Alfsdatter (Abt 0614-      ) 27



   Other Spouse: Hraerek "Slaunvanbauga" Halfdansson (Abt 0629-      ) 47 - Abt 654 - Denmark


Children
1 M Randver Radbartsson 27

           Born: Abt 670 - <Denmark>
     Christened: 
           Died: 
         Buried: 





Wacho King of the Lombards and Radigunde




Husband Wacho King of the Lombards 48

            AKA: Waccho King of the Lombards, Waldchis King of the Lombards
           Born: 
     Christened: 
           Died: 539
         Buried: 


         Father: Unichus (      -      ) 49
         Mother: 


       Marriage: 

   Other Spouse: Ostrogotha (      -      )

Events

• King of the Lombards: Abt 510-539.




Wife Radigunde

            AKA: Radegunde
           Born: 
     Christened: 
           Died: 
         Buried: 


         Father: Bisinus King of the Thuringii (Abt 0440-      ) 49 50
         Mother: 




Children

Research Notes: Husband - Wacho King of the Lombards

From Wikipedia - Wacho :

Wacho or Waccho was king of the Lombards before they entered Italy from an unknown date (perhaps circa 510 ) until his death in 539 . His father was Unichus. Wacho usurped the throne by assassinating (or having assassinated) his uncle, King Tato (again, probably around 510). Tato's son Ildichis fought with him and fled to the Gepids where he died.[1] Wacho had good relations with the Franks .

Wacho married three times. First, Radigunde, daughter of Bisinus , King of the Thuringi. Second, Austrigusa a Gepid possibly named after her maternal descent from Ostrogothic rulers, she was the mother of two daughters, Wisigarda married Theudebert I of Austrasia and Waldrada married firstly, Theudebald of Austrasia and secondly, Garibald I of Bavaria. Thirdly he married Silinga, a Heruli-mother of Waltari.


Research Notes: Wife - Radigunde

Source: Wikipedia - Wacho and Bisinus


Raghanald of Woodplumpton




Husband Raghanald of Woodplumpton 51

           Born: Bef 1060 - Woodplumpton, Lancashire, England
     Christened: 
           Died: After 1060 - Woodplumpton, Lancashire, England
         Buried: 
       Marriage: 



Wife

           Born: 
     Christened: 
           Died: 
         Buried: 


Children
1 M Ravenkil of Woodplumpton 52

           Born: 
     Christened: 
           Died: After 1094 - Woodplumpton, Lancashire, England
         Buried: 




Research Notes: Husband - Raghanald of Woodplumpton

From http://cybergata.com/roots/2839.htm :
The family of Woodplumpton has a pedigree that seems to connect them with the pre-Conquest owners. Raghanald, the earliest of them on record, must have lived about the time of the Conquest, for his son Ravenkil attested the grants made in 1094 by Count Roger of Poiton to the abbey of Sees. Roger son of Ravenkil, who gave Linacre to the Knights Hospitallers, occurs from 1130 to 1171. His son Richard, the founder of Lytham Priory, lived in the time of Henry II and Richard I, holding by knight's service Kirkby, Argarmeols, Kellamergh and Bryning, and in thegnage Woodplumpton, Lytham, Carleton, Bootle and part of Formby.

Roger son of Ranchil owed 30 marks in 1129-30 for an agreement with the Count of Mortain respecting lands between Ribble and Mersey [Farrer, Lancs. Pipe R]. He was surety in 5 marks for a pardon in 1169-71 [Farrer, Lancs. Pipe R. 16, 20, 23].


In 1176, Richard son of Roger paid 5 marks in order to obtain an inquiry as to the manor of Kirkby, which had been taken into the king's hands because he had married his daughter and heir without the king's license. He had to pay £100 to recover his lands [Farrer, Lancs. Pipe R., 31, 42-44]. The payment of several installments is recorded in the Pipe Rolls. In 1194 he incurred a further penalty for having shared in Count John's rebellion [Farrer, Lancs. Pipe R., 90, 92]. The Priory of Lytham was founded by him between 1189 and 1194 [Farrer, Lancs. Pipe R., 346-9].

In 1199 Maud Banastre made a claim respecting sisters' portion against Richard son of Roger and Margery his wife (her sister), who put Robert de Stockport in their place [Rot. Curia Regis, Rec. Com., i, 359]. Plaintiff was perhaps the Maud de Hastings who had then another dispute with Richard son of Roger [ibid. 227, 301; Excerpta e Rot. Fin. Rec. Com., i, 87].

~A History of the County of Lancaster: Volume 7, pp. 284-291


Cynan ap Iago Prince of North Wales and Ragnaillt




Husband Cynan ap Iago Prince of North Wales 53 54 55

           Born: 
     Christened: 
           Died: 1060
         Buried: 


         Father: Iago ap Idwal King of Gwynedd (      -1039) 54 56
         Mother: 


       Marriage: 



Wife Ragnaillt 57 58

            AKA: Raignillt of Dublin
           Born: 
     Christened: 
           Died: 
         Buried: 


         Father: Olaf of Dublin (      -1034)
         Mother: Maelcorcre (      -      )




Children
1 M Gruffydd ap Cynan Prince of North Wales (Gwynedd) 54 59

            AKA: Griffith, Gruffudd ap Cynan Ruler of Gwynedd, Gryffydd ap Cynan Prince of North Wales (Gwynedd)
           Born: 1055 - Dublin, Leinster, Ireland
     Christened: 
           Died: 1137
         Buried: 
         Spouse: Angharad verch Owain ap Edwin of Tegeingl (Abt 1065-1162) 59 60
           Marr: Abt 1095



Research Notes: Husband - Cynan ap Iago Prince of North Wales

Cynan was exiled in Dublin.

From Wikipedia - Cynan ab Iago :

Cynan ab Iago (died c. 1060) was a Welsh Prince, the son of Iago ab Idwal , King of Gwynedd and father of Gruffydd ap Cynan who also became king of Gwynedd.

Iago ab Idwal was king of Gwynedd from 1023 to 1039, but in the latter year he was killed by one of his own men and the throne was seized by Gruffydd ap Llywelyn . Cynan was forced to flee to Ireland and took refuge at the Danish settlement of Dublin. He married Ragnaillt daughter of Olaf of Dublin, son of King Sigtrygg Silkbeard and a member of the Hiberno-Norse dynasty. Ragnaillt, who appears in the list of the fair women of Ireland in the Book of Leinster , was also a descendant of Brian Boru .

Cynan may have died fairly soon after the birth of their son Gruffydd ap Cynan, for the near-contemporary biography of Gruffydd details Cynan's ancestry but does not refer to him in its account of Gruffydd's youth; describing Gruffydd's mother telling him who his father was and what patrimony he could claim. Gruffydd ap Llywelyn was killed in 1063, by his own men according to Brut y Tywysogion . The Ulster Chronicle however states that it was Cynan ap Iago who killed him.

As his son Gruffydd was supposedly born c. 1055, the date of death "1039" is doubtful (Gruffydd died 1137).

Cynan's claim to the throne of Gwynedd was passed on to his son. When Gruffydd first appeared on the scene in Wales the Welsh annals several times refer to him as "grandson of Iago" rather than the more usual "son of Cynan", indicating that his father was little known in Wales.


Research Notes: Wife - Ragnaillt

Source:Ancestral Roots of Certain American Colonists Who Came to America before 1700 by Frederick Lewis Weis and Walter Lee Sheppard, Jr, ed. by William R. Beall & Kaleen E. Beall, Baltimore, 2008, Line 239-4


Sources


1. http://www.familysearch.org, Cit. Date: 6 Aug 2009.

2. Weis, Frederick Lewis and Walter Lee Sheppard, Jr; William R. Beall and Kaleen E. Beall, eds, Ancestral Roots of Certain American Colonists Who Came to America before 1700 (8th ed. Baltimore: Genealogical Publishing Company, 2008.), Line 132A-22 (Judith of Brittany).

3. Wikipedia.org, Richard II, Duke of Normandy. Cit. Date: 5 Sep 2009.

4. Website - Genealogy, thepeerage.com. Cit. Date: 7 Apr 2007.

5. Weis, Frederick Lewis and Walter Lee Sheppard, Jr; William R. Beall and Kaleen E. Beall, eds, Ancestral Roots of Certain American Colonists Who Came to America before 1700 (8th ed. Baltimore: Genealogical Publishing Company, 2008.), Line 177-3 (Nesta).

6. Website - Genealogy, http://www.smokykin.com/ged/f001/f87/a0018708.htm.

7. http://www.familysearch.org, Cit. Date: 30 Jul 2009.

8. Wikipedia.org, Richard I, Duke of Normandy. Cit. Date: 14 Aug 2009.

9. Website - Genealogy, thepeerage.com. Cit. Date: 7 Mar 2010.

10. http://www.familysearch.org, Compact Disc #125 Pin #875034 Maitland Dirk Brower. Cit. Date: 30 Jul 2009.

11. Weis, Frederick Lewis and Walter Lee Sheppard, Jr; William R. Beall and Kaleen E. Beall, eds, Ancestral Roots of Certain American Colonists Who Came to America before 1700 (8th ed. Baltimore: Genealogical Publishing Company, 2008.), Line 121E-20. Cit. Date: 30 Jul 2009.

12. Wikipedia.org, Gunnora, Duchess of Normandy. Cit. Date: 5 Sep 2009.

13. Website:, http://cybergata.com/roots/442.htm. Cit. Date: 29 Jun 2013.

14. Weis, Frederick Lewis and Walter Lee Sheppard, Jr; William R. Beall and Kaleen E. Beall, eds, Ancestral Roots of Certain American Colonists Who Came to America before 1700 (8th ed. Baltimore: Genealogical Publishing Company, 2008.), Line 132A-22.

15. Wikipedia.org, Judith of Brittany. Cit. Date: 5 Sep 2009.

16. Weis, Frederick Lewis and Walter Lee Sheppard, Jr; William R. Beall and Kaleen E. Beall, eds, Ancestral Roots of Certain American Colonists Who Came to America before 1700 (8th ed. Baltimore: Genealogical Publishing Company, 2008.), Line 121E-18, 144A-19 (William I of Poitou).

17. Website - Genealogy, http://www.smokykin.com/ged/f002/f00/a0020075.htm.

18. Wikipedia.org, Rollo. Cit. Date: 5 Sep 2009.

19. Website:, http://cybergata.com/roots/445.htm. Cit. Date: 29 Jun 2013.

20. Website - Genealogy, http://www.smokykin.com/ged/f002/f00/a0020082.htm.

21. Weis, Frederick Lewis and Walter Lee Sheppard, Jr; William R. Beall and Kaleen E. Beall, eds, Ancestral Roots of Certain American Colonists Who Came to America before 1700 (8th ed. Baltimore: Genealogical Publishing Company, 2008.), Line 121E-17.

22. Wikipedia.org, Oppland.

23. Wikipedia.org, Rognvald Eysteinsson. Cit. Date: 5 Sep 2009.

24. Website:, http://cybergata.com/roots/4176.htm. Cit. Date: 29 Jun 2013.

25. Website - Genealogy, http://www.smokykin.com/ged/f002/f00/a0020083.htm.

26. Weis, Frederick Lewis and Walter Lee Sheppard, Jr; William R. Beall and Kaleen E. Beall, eds, Ancestral Roots of Certain American Colonists Who Came to America before 1700 (8th ed. Baltimore: Genealogical Publishing Company, 2008.), Line 121E-17 (Ragnvald I).

27. http://www.familysearch.org, Cit. Date: 24 Jul 2009.

28. Weis, Frederick Lewis and Walter Lee Sheppard, Jr; William R. Beall and Kaleen E. Beall, eds, Ancestral Roots of Certain American Colonists Who Came to America before 1700 (8th ed. Baltimore: Genealogical Publishing Company, 2008.), Line 121E-18 (Ganger Rolf).

29. Website:, http://cybergata.com/roots/465.htm. Cit. Date: 29 Jun 2013.

30. Weis, Frederick Lewis and Walter Lee Sheppard, Jr; William R. Beall and Kaleen E. Beall, eds, Ancestral Roots of Certain American Colonists Who Came to America before 1700 (8th ed. Baltimore: Genealogical Publishing Company, 2008.), Line 121E-18 (Ganger Rolf). Cit. Date: 30 Jul 2009.

31. Wikipedia.org, Berengar II of Neustria. Cit. Date: 5 Sep 2009.

32. Weis, Frederick Lewis and Walter Lee Sheppard, Jr; William R. Beall and Kaleen E. Beall, eds, Ancestral Roots of Certain American Colonists Who Came to America before 1700 (8th ed. Baltimore: Genealogical Publishing Company, 2008.), Line 144A-19 (William I of Poitou).

33. Weis, Frederick Lewis and Walter Lee Sheppard, Jr; William R. Beall and Kaleen E. Beall, eds, Ancestral Roots of Certain American Colonists Who Came to America before 1700 (8th ed. Baltimore: Genealogical Publishing Company, 2008.), Line 144A-19.

34. Weis, Frederick Lewis and Walter Lee Sheppard, Jr; William R. Beall and Kaleen E. Beall, eds, Ancestral Roots of Certain American Colonists Who Came to America before 1700 (8th ed. Baltimore: Genealogical Publishing Company, 2008.), Line 121E-19. Cit. Date: 30 Jul 2009.

35. Wikipedia.org, William I, Duke of Normandy.

36. Weis, Frederick Lewis and Walter Lee Sheppard, Jr; William R. Beall and Kaleen E. Beall, eds, Ancestral Roots of Certain American Colonists Who Came to America before 1700 (8th ed. Baltimore: Genealogical Publishing Company, 2008.), Line 121E-19.

37. Website:, http://cybergata.com/roots/423.htm. Cit. Date: 29 Jun 2013.

38. Warfield, J. D, The Founders of Anne Arundel and Howard Counties, Maryland. (Baltimore: Kohn & Pollock, 1905), p. 59.

39. http://www.familysearch.org.

40. http://wc.rootsweb.ancestry.com/cgi-bin/igm.cgi. Rec. Date: 25 Aug 2001, http://wc.rootsweb.ancestry.com/cgi-bin/igm.cgi?op=GET&db=rainas%2Dshrader&id=I8176. Cit. Date: 23 Jun 2013.

41. http://wc.rootsweb.ancestry.com/cgi-bin/igm.cgi. Rec. Date: 25 Aug 2001, http://wc.rootsweb.ancestry.com/cgi-bin/igm.cgi?op=GET&db=:1873052&id=I104801948.

42. http://wc.rootsweb.ancestry.com/cgi-bin/igm.cgi. Rec. Date: 25 Aug 2001, http://wc.rootsweb.ancestry.com/cgi-bin/igm.cgi?op=GET&db=:1873052&id=I111716893.

43. Webb, Janet, "Migration of the Plemons/Plemmons Family," 5-Branches Newsletter Vol. 6 No. 4 (December 2004): 4-5; Quarterly newsletter for Plemmons/Plemons families. See also www.5branches.net

44. http://wc.rootsweb.ancestry.com/cgi-bin/igm.cgi. Rec. Date: 25 Aug 2001, http://wc.rootsweb.ancestry.com/cgi-bin/igm.cgi?op=GET&db=:af4124&id=I309. Cit. Date: 25 Aug 2001.

45. http://wc.rootsweb.ancestry.com/cgi-bin/igm.cgi. Rec. Date: 25 Aug 2001, http://wc.rootsweb.ancestry.com/cgi-bin/igm.cgi?op=GET&db=rainas%2Dshrader&id=I1485. Cit. Date: 23 Jun 2013.

46. http://wc.rootsweb.ancestry.com/cgi-bin/igm.cgi. Rec. Date: 25 Aug 2001, http://wc.rootsweb.ancestry.com/cgi-bin/igm.cgi?op=GET&db=rainas%2Dshrader&id=I8175. Cit. Date: 23 Jun 2013.

47. http://www.familysearch.org, Cit. Date: 25 Jul 2009.

48. Wikipedia.org, Wacho; Theudebald.

49. Wikipedia.org, Wacho.

50. http://www.familysearch.org, Compact Disc #94 Pin #99024 (submitted by Samuel Taylor "Sam" Geer).

51. Website:, http://cybergata.com/roots/2839.htm. Cit. Date: 30 Jun 2013.

52. Website:, http://cybergata.com/roots/2838.htm. Cit. Date: 30 Jun 2013.

53. Weis, Frederick Lewis and Walter Lee Sheppard, Jr; William R. Beall and Kaleen E. Beall, eds, Ancestral Roots of Certain American Colonists Who Came to America before 1700 (8th ed. Baltimore: Genealogical Publishing Company, 2008.), Line 239-4 (Ragnaillt).

54. Davies, John, A History of Wales. (Rev. ed. New York: Penguin Group, 2007.), p. 80.

55. Wikipedia.org, Cynan ab Iago.

56. Wikipedia.org, Iago ab Idwal ap Meurig.

57. Weis, Frederick Lewis and Walter Lee Sheppard, Jr; William R. Beall and Kaleen E. Beall, eds, Ancestral Roots of Certain American Colonists Who Came to America before 1700 (8th ed. Baltimore: Genealogical Publishing Company, 2008.), Line 239-4.

58. Website - Genealogy, http://www.gencircles.com/users/kristinhopper/4/pedigree/6392. Cit. Date: 26 Jun 2013.

59. Weis, Frederick Lewis and Walter Lee Sheppard, Jr; William R. Beall and Kaleen E. Beall, eds, Ancestral Roots of Certain American Colonists Who Came to America before 1700 (8th ed. Baltimore: Genealogical Publishing Company, 2008.), Line 239-5.

60. Website - Genealogy, http://www.gencircles.com/users/kristinhopper/4/pedigree/6394. Cit. Date: 26 Jun 2013.


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