Husband Tostig Earl of Northumbria 1
Born:
Christened:
Died: 25 Sep 1066
Buried:
Marriage:
Wife Judith of Normandy 2
Born: 1028
Christened:
Died: 4 Mar 1094
Buried:
Father: Richard III Duke of Normandy (Abt 0997-1028) 3
Mother: Adele Capet Princess of France (Abt 1009-Abt 1079) 4 5
Other Spouse: Welf IV Duke of Bavaria ( -1101) 6 - 1071
Children
Research Notes: Husband - Tostig Earl of Northumbria
First husband of Judith of Normandy.
Husband Welf IV Duke of Bavaria 6
Born:
Christened:
Died: 6 Nov 1101
Buried:
Marriage: 1071
Wife Judith of Normandy 2
Born: 1028
Christened:
Died: 4 Mar 1094
Buried:
Father: Richard III Duke of Normandy (Abt 0997-1028) 3
Mother: Adele Capet Princess of France (Abt 1009-Abt 1079) 4 5
Other Spouse: Tostig Earl of Northumbria ( -1066) 1
Children
1 M Henry I Duke of Bavaria 7
Born: 1074
Christened:
Died: 13 Dec 1126
Buried:
Spouse: Wulfhilda of Saxony (Abt 1075-1126) 8
Marr: Between 1095 and 1100
Research Notes: Husband - Welf IV Duke of Bavaria
Second husband of Judith of Normandy.
Husband Yves II Beaumont Count of Beaumont-sur-Oise 9
Born: Abt 1005 - Beaumont-sur-Oise, (Val-d'Oise), Île-de-France, Normandy, France
Christened:
Died:
Buried:
Father: Yves I Beaumont Count of Beaumont-sur-Oise (Abt 0975- ) 9
Mother: Gisele Chevreuse (Abt 0980- ) 9
Marriage: Abt 1048
Wife Judith 9
Born:
Christened:
Died:
Buried:
Children
1 F Adelhyde de Beaumont 9 10
AKA: Adeliza de Beaumont, Alice de Beaumont
Born: Abt 1035 - Beaumont (Val-d'Oise), Île-de-France, France
Christened:
Died: 11 Jul 1091 - Rouen, (Seine-Inferieure), Normandy, France
Buried:
Spouse: Hugh de Grentemesnil Lord of Hinckley, Ashby-Legers, Northamptonshire (Abt 1030-1094) 10 11
Husband Richer de l'Aigle 12
AKA: Richer de l'Aigle
Born:
Christened:
Died:
Buried:
Marriage:
Wife Judith
Born:
Christened:
Died:
Buried:
Children
1 M Gilbert de l'Aigle, Seigneur de l'Aigle in Normandy 13 14
AKA: Gilbert de l'Aigle Seigneur de l'Aigle
Born:
Christened:
Died:
Buried:
Spouse: Juliana of Mortagne and Perche ( - ) 15
2 F Maud de l'Aigle 16
AKA: Maud de l'Aigle
Born:
Christened:
Died:
Buried:
Husband Waltheof II Earl of Northumberland 17 18 19
Born: 1050
Christened:
Died: 31 May 1076 - Winchester, (Hampshire), England
Buried: - Chapter House of Croyland Abbey, Winchester, Hampshire, England
Father: Sigurd Earl of Northumberland (Bef 1013-1055) 19 20 21
Mother: Aelfflaed of Bernicia (Abt 1031- ) 17 18 22
Marriage: 1070 - Artois, (France)
Events
• Earl of Northampton:
Wife Judith of Lens 17 19 23
AKA: Judith of Boulogne
Born: 1054 - <Lens, (Pas-de-Calais)>, France
Christened:
Died:
Buried:
Father: Enguerrand II Count of Ponthieu ( -1053)
Mother: Adelaide of Normandy, Countess of Aumale (Abt 1030-Between 1081/1090) 24 25 26
Children
1 F Maud of Huntingdon 27 28 29
AKA: Matilda of Huntingdon, Maude of Huntingdon
Born: Abt 1074
Christened:
Died: 1131
Buried:
Spouse: Simon de Senlis Earl of Huntingdon and Northampton ( -Abt 1110) 30 31
Marr: Abt 1090
Spouse: David I "The Saint" King of Scots (Abt 1083-1153) 32 33
Marr: 1113 or 1114
2 F Alice Huntingdon 17 19
AKA: Adelise, Adeliza Huntingdon
Born: Abt 1085 - <Flamsted, Hertfordshire>, England
Christened:
Died: After 1126
Buried:
Spouse: Ralph de Toeni de Conches (Abt 1079-Abt 1126) 19
Marr: 1103 - England
Death Notes: Husband - Waltheof II Earl of Northumberland
Beheaded
Research Notes: Husband - Waltheof II Earl of Northumberland
From Wikipedia - Waltheof, Earl of Northumbria :
Waltheof (1050 -31 May 1076 ), Earl of Northumbria and last of the Anglo-Saxon earls . He was the only English aristocrat to be formally executed during the reign of William I . He was reputed for his physical strength but was weak and unreliable in character.
Early Life
He was the second son of Siward, Earl of Northumbria . His mother was Aelfflaed, daughter of Ealdred, Earl of Bernicia , son of Uhtred, Earl of Northumbria . In 1054, Waltheof's brother, Osbearn, who was much older than him, was killed in battle, making Waltheof his father's heir. Siward himself died in 1055, and Waltheof being far too young to succeed as Earl of Northumbria, King Edward appointed Tostig Godwinson to the earldom.
He was said to be devout and charitable and was probably educated for a monastic life. In fact, around 1065 he became an earl, governing Northamptonshire and Huntingdonshire . Following the Battle of Hastings he submitted to William and was allowed to keep his pre-Conquest title and possessions. He remained at William's court until 1068.
First revolt
When Sweyn II invaded Northern England in 1069 Waltheof and Edgar Ætheling joined the Danes and took part in the attack on York . He would again make a fresh submission to William after the departure of the invaders in 1070. He was restored to his earldom, and went on to marry William's niece, Judith of Lens . In 1072, he was appointed Earl of Northampton .
The Domesday Book mentions Waltheof ("Walleff"); "'In Hallam ("Halun"), one manor with its sixteen hamlets, there are twenty-nine carucates [~14 km²] to be taxed. There Earl Waltheof had an "Aula" [hall or court]. There may have been about twenty ploughs. This land Roger de Busli holds of the Countess Judith." (Hallam, or Hallamshire , is now part of the city of Sheffield .
In 1072, William expelled Gospatric from the earldom of Northumbria. Gospatric was Waltheof's cousin and had taken part in the attack on York with him, but like Waltheof, had been pardoned by William. Gospatric fled into exile and William appointed Waltheof as the new earl.
Waltheof had many enemies in the north. Amongst them were members of a family who had killed Waltheof's maternal great-grandfather, Uchtred the Bold , and his grandfather Ealdred . This was part of a long-running blood feud. In 1074, Waltheof moved against the family by sending his retainers to ambush them, succeeding in killing the two eldest of four brothers.
Second revolt and death
In 1075 Waltheof joined the Revolt of the Earls against William. His motives for taking part in the revolt are unclear, as is the depth of his involvement. However he repented, confessing his guilt first to Archbishop Lanfranc , and then in person to William, who was at the time in Normandy . He returned to England with William but was arrested, brought twice before the king's court and sentenced to death.
He spent almost a year in confinement before being beheaded on May 31 , 1076 at St. Giles's Hill , near Winchester . He was said to have spent the months of his captivity in prayer and fasting. Many people believed in his innocence and were surprised when the execution was carried out. His body was initially thrown in a ditch, but was later retrieved and was buried in the chapter house of Croyland Abbey .
Family and children
In 1070 he married Judith of Lens , daughter of Lambert II, Count of Lens and Adelaide of Normandy , Countess of Aumale . They had three daughters, the eldest of whom, Maud , brought the earldom of Huntingdon to her second husband, David I of Scotland , and another of whom, Adelise, married the Anglo-Norman noble Raoul III of Tosny .
One of Waltheof's grandsons was Waltheof (d. 1159), abbot of Melrose .
Research Notes: Wife - Judith of Lens
Source: Ancestral Roots of Certain American Colonists Who Came to America before 1700 by Frederick Lewis Weis and Walter Lee Sheppard, Jr, ed. by William R. Beall & Kaleen E. Beall, Baltimore, 2008, Line 130-25, also 98A-23. From note for Line 148-22 (after 22. Lambert of Boulogne): "Judith of Lens (Gen. 23 in previous editions) appears to have been Adelaide's child by her first marriage to Enguerrand II. See Judith of Lens (130-25, 98A-23) for her descendants.)
Here father was previously thought to be Lambert II, Count of Lens (e.g., in Magna Charta Barons, p. 81).
Husband Louis I Holy Roman Emperor and King of the Franks 34 35 36 37
AKA: Louis I "the Fair" Holy Roman Emperor, Louis the Debonaire Holy Roman Emperor, Louis the Pious Holy Roman Emperor
Born: 16 Apr 778 - <Villa Cassinogilum (Chasseneuil-du-Poitou), (Poitou-Charentes)>, Aquitaine (France)
Christened:
Died: 20 Jun 840 - Ingelheim Kaiserpfalz, (Ingelheim am Rhein, Rhineland-Palatinate, Germany)
Buried:
Father: Charlemagne King of France, Emperor of Rom (0747-0814) 38 39 40 41
Mother: Hildegard of Vinzgouw (Abt 0758-0783) 42 43 44 45
Marriage: Feb 819
Other Spouse: Ermengarde of Hesbaye (Abt 0778-0818) 46 47 48 - Between 794 and 795 - Garonne, France
Events
• King of Aquitaine: 781-817.
• King of the Franks: 814-840.
• Holy Roman Emperor: 814-840.
Wife Judith of Bavaria 49 50 51
AKA: Iudit of Bavaria
Born: Abt 798 - Bavaria, Germany
Christened:
Died: 19 Apr 843 - Tours, Touraine (Indre-et-Loire), France
Buried:
Father: Welf I of Metz ( -Abt 0825) 52
Mother: Hedwig Duchess of Bavaria ( - ) 52
Children
1 F Gisèle 35 53 54
AKA: Gisela
Born: 820 - France
Christened:
Died: 1 Jul 874
Buried:
Spouse: Eberhard Margrave of Friuli (Abt 0818-0866)
Marr: Bef 840
2 M Charles II "the Bald" of France and Holy Roman Emperor 55 56
AKA: Charles the Bald King of West Francia and Holy Roman Emperor
Born: 13 Jun 823 - Frankfurt-am-Main, Hessen-Nassau, Prussia (Germany)
Christened:
Died: 5 Oct 877 - Mont Cenis, Brides-les-Bains, Bourgogne, (France)
Buried: - Church of Saint Peter, Abbey of Nantua, (Ain, Rhône-Alpes), Burgundy, (France)
Spouse: Ermentrude of Orléans (0830-0869) 57 58 59
Marr: 14 Dec 842 - Crécy, (Somme), Picardy, France
Spouse: Richildis ( - )
Death Notes: Husband - Louis I Holy Roman Emperor and King of the Franks
Near Mainz
Research Notes: Husband - Louis I Holy Roman Emperor and King of the Franks
Holy Roman Emperor 814-840 Ancestral Roots has b. abt 805. Source: http://wc.rootsweb.com/cgi-bin/igm.cgi?op=GET&db=:3174654&id=I593871879 has b. abt 798. Second wife of Louis I "the Fair." Source: Ancestral Roots of Certain American Colonists Who Came to America before 1700 by Frederick Lewis Weis and Walter Lee Sheppard, Jr, ed. by William R. Beall & Kaleen E. Beall (Baltimore, 2008), line 148-14 (Louis I) has m. 819
Died near Mont Cenis in the Alps on 5 or 6 October 877.
From Wikipedia: "According to the Annals of St-Bertin, Charles was hastily buried at the abbey of Nantua, Burgundy because the bearers were unable to withstand the stench of his decaying body. He was to have been buried in the Basilique Saint-Denis and may have been transferred there later. It was recorded that there was a memorial brass there that was melted down at the Revolution."
Events
• Knighted: Jul 1217.
• Lord of Lea:
• Justiciar of Ireland: Sep 1232-1245.
• Commissioner of the Treasury and Councillor: 1250.
1. Weis, Frederick Lewis and Walter Lee Sheppard, Jr; William R. Beall and Kaleen E. Beall, eds, Ancestral Roots of Certain American Colonists Who Came to America before 1700 (8th ed. Baltimore: Genealogical Publishing Company, 2008.), Line 166-23 (Judith).
2. Weis, Frederick Lewis and Walter Lee Sheppard, Jr; William R. Beall and Kaleen E. Beall, eds, Ancestral Roots of Certain American Colonists Who Came to America before 1700 (8th ed. Baltimore: Genealogical Publishing Company, 2008.), Line 166-23.
3. Weis, Frederick Lewis and Walter Lee Sheppard, Jr; William R. Beall and Kaleen E. Beall, eds, Ancestral Roots of Certain American Colonists Who Came to America before 1700 (8th ed. Baltimore: Genealogical Publishing Company, 2008.), Line 132A-23, 166-22.
4. Weis, Frederick Lewis and Walter Lee Sheppard, Jr; William R. Beall and Kaleen E. Beall, eds, Ancestral Roots of Certain American Colonists Who Came to America before 1700 (8th ed. Baltimore: Genealogical Publishing Company, 2008.), Line 128-22, 162-22 (Baldwin V).
5. Wikipedia.org, Adela of France, Countess of Flanders. Cit. Date: 14 Sep 2009.
6. Weis, Frederick Lewis and Walter Lee Sheppard, Jr; William R. Beall and Kaleen E. Beall, eds, Ancestral Roots of Certain American Colonists Who Came to America before 1700 (8th ed. Baltimore: Genealogical Publishing Company, 2008.), Line 166-23 (Judith of Normandy).
7. Weis, Frederick Lewis and Walter Lee Sheppard, Jr; William R. Beall and Kaleen E. Beall, eds, Ancestral Roots of Certain American Colonists Who Came to America before 1700 (8th ed. Baltimore: Genealogical Publishing Company, 2008.), Line 166-24.
8. Weis, Frederick Lewis and Walter Lee Sheppard, Jr; William R. Beall and Kaleen E. Beall, eds, Ancestral Roots of Certain American Colonists Who Came to America before 1700 (8th ed. Baltimore: Genealogical Publishing Company, 2008.), Line 248-8, 166-24 (Henry I).
9. http://www.familysearch.org, Cit. Date: 20 Jul 2009.
10. Browning, Charles Henry, The Magna Charta Barons and their American Descendants (Philadelphia, 1898.), p. 77.
11. http://www.familysearch.org, Cit. Date: 19 Jul 2009.
12. Weis, Frederick Lewis and Walter Lee Sheppard, Jr; William R. Beall and Kaleen E. Beall, eds, Ancestral Roots of Certain American Colonists Who Came to America before 1700 (8th ed. Baltimore: Genealogical Publishing Company, 2008.), Line 18A-23 (Nele d'Aubigny), 113A-25 (Garcia VII).
13. Wikipedia.org, Marguerite de l'Aigle.
14. Weis, Frederick Lewis and Walter Lee Sheppard, Jr; William R. Beall and Kaleen E. Beall, eds, Ancestral Roots of Certain American Colonists Who Came to America before 1700 (8th ed. Baltimore: Genealogical Publishing Company, 2008.), Line 113A-25 (Garcia VII).
15. Weis, Frederick Lewis and Walter Lee Sheppard, Jr; William R. Beall and Kaleen E. Beall, eds, Ancestral Roots of Certain American Colonists Who Came to America before 1700 (8th ed. Baltimore: Genealogical Publishing Company, 2008.), Line 113A-25 (Garcia VII), 18A-23 (Nele d'Aubigny).
16. Weis, Frederick Lewis and Walter Lee Sheppard, Jr; William R. Beall and Kaleen E. Beall, eds, Ancestral Roots of Certain American Colonists Who Came to America before 1700 (8th ed. Baltimore: Genealogical Publishing Company, 2008.), Line 18A-23 (Nele d'Aubigny).
17. Wikipedia.org, Waltheof, Earl of Northumbria.
18. Weis, Frederick Lewis and Walter Lee Sheppard, Jr; William R. Beall and Kaleen E. Beall, eds, Ancestral Roots of Certain American Colonists Who Came to America before 1700 (8th ed. Baltimore: Genealogical Publishing Company, 2008.), Line 130-25 (Judith of Lens).
19. http://www.familysearch.org, Cit. Date: 26 Jul 2009.
20. Wikipedia.org, Siward, Earl of Northumbria.
21. Weis, Frederick Lewis and Walter Lee Sheppard, Jr; William R. Beall and Kaleen E. Beall, eds, Ancestral Roots of Certain American Colonists Who Came to America before 1700 (8th ed. Baltimore: Genealogical Publishing Company, 2008.), Line 13-25 (Judith of Lens).
22. http://www.familysearch.org, Cit. Date: 28 Jul 2009.
23. Weis, Frederick Lewis and Walter Lee Sheppard, Jr; William R. Beall and Kaleen E. Beall, eds, Ancestral Roots of Certain American Colonists Who Came to America before 1700 (8th ed. Baltimore: Genealogical Publishing Company, 2008.), Line 130-25, 98A-23, 148-22 (Lambert of Boulogne).
24. Wikipedia.org, Herleva.
25. Weis, Frederick Lewis and Walter Lee Sheppard, Jr; William R. Beall and Kaleen E. Beall, eds, Ancestral Roots of Certain American Colonists Who Came to America before 1700 (8th ed. Baltimore: Genealogical Publishing Company, 2008.), Line 130-24.
26. Website - Genealogy, thepeerage.com. Cit. Date: 22 Dec 2003.
27. Weis, Frederick Lewis and Walter Lee Sheppard, Jr; William R. Beall and Kaleen E. Beall, eds, Ancestral Roots of Certain American Colonists Who Came to America before 1700 (8th ed. Baltimore: Genealogical Publishing Company, 2008.), Line 130-26.
28. Lloyd, Jacob Youde William, The History of the Princes, the Lords Marcher, and the Ancient Nobility of Powys Fadog, and the Ancient Lords of Arwystli, Cedewen, and Meirionydd. (Vol. 5. London: Whiting & Co., 1885.), p. 413.
29. Wikipedia.org, Maud, Countess of Huntingdon. Cit. Date: 17 Oct 2009.
30. Weis, Frederick Lewis and Walter Lee Sheppard, Jr; William R. Beall and Kaleen E. Beall, eds, Ancestral Roots of Certain American Colonists Who Came to America before 1700 (8th ed. Baltimore: Genealogical Publishing Company, 2008.), Line 130-26 (Maud of Huntingdon).
31. Wikipedia.org, Simon I de Senlis, Earl of Huntingdon-Northampton. Cit. Date: 17 Oct 2009.
32. Weis, Frederick Lewis and Walter Lee Sheppard, Jr; William R. Beall and Kaleen E. Beall, eds, Ancestral Roots of Certain American Colonists Who Came to America before 1700 (8th ed. Baltimore: Genealogical Publishing Company, 2008.), Line 170-22.
33. Wikipedia.org, David I of Scotland.
34. Weis, Frederick Lewis and Walter Lee Sheppard, Jr; William R. Beall and Kaleen E. Beall, eds, Ancestral Roots of Certain American Colonists Who Came to America before 1700 (8th ed. Baltimore: Genealogical Publishing Company, 2008.), Line 140-14, 148-14.
35. Wikipedia.org, Louis the Pious.
36. Wikipedia.org, Chasseneuil-du-Poitou.
37. http://wc.rootsweb.ancestry.com/cgi-bin/igm.cgi. Rec. Date: 25 Aug 2001, http://wc.rootsweb.com/cgi-bin/igm.cgi?op=GET&db=:3174654&id=I593871724.
38. Weis, Frederick Lewis and Walter Lee Sheppard, Jr; William R. Beall and Kaleen E. Beall, eds, Ancestral Roots of Certain American Colonists Who Came to America before 1700 (8th ed. Baltimore: Genealogical Publishing Company, 2008.), 50-13, 140-13, 190-13.
39. Wikipedia.org, Charlemagne.
40. Wikipedia.org, Rhenish Hesse.
41. http://www.familysearch.org, Compact Disc #94 Pin #91438 (submitted by Samuel Taylor "Sam" Geer).
42. Weis, Frederick Lewis and Walter Lee Sheppard, Jr; William R. Beall and Kaleen E. Beall, eds, Ancestral Roots of Certain American Colonists Who Came to America before 1700 (8th ed. Baltimore: Genealogical Publishing Company, 2008.), Line 182-5, 140-13 (Charlemagne), 148-13 (Charlemagne), 190-13 (Charlemagne).
43. Wikipedia.org, Hildegard of Vinzgouw.
44. http://www.familysearch.org, (Kevin Bradford).
45. http://www.familysearch.org, Compact Disc #94 Pin #91440 (submitted by Samuel Taylor "Sam" Geer).
46. Wikipedia.org, Ermengarde of Hesbaye.
47. Weis, Frederick Lewis and Walter Lee Sheppard, Jr; William R. Beall and Kaleen E. Beall, eds, Ancestral Roots of Certain American Colonists Who Came to America before 1700 (8th ed. Baltimore: Genealogical Publishing Company, 2008.), Line 140-14 (Louis I).
48. Website - Genealogy, http://www.smokykin.com/ged/f001/f98/a0019865.htm.
49. Weis, Frederick Lewis and Walter Lee Sheppard, Jr; William R. Beall and Kaleen E. Beall, eds, Ancestral Roots of Certain American Colonists Who Came to America before 1700 (8th ed. Baltimore: Genealogical Publishing Company, 2008.), Line 140-14 (Louis I), 148-14 (Louis I).
50. http://wc.rootsweb.ancestry.com/cgi-bin/igm.cgi. Rec. Date: 25 Aug 2001, http://wc.rootsweb.com/cgi-bin/igm.cgi?op=GET&db=:3174654&id=I593871879.
51. Wikipedia.org, Judith of Bavaria (795-843).
52. Wikipedia.org, Welf (father of Judith). Cit. Date: 13 Sep 2009.
53. Weis, Frederick Lewis and Walter Lee Sheppard, Jr; William R. Beall and Kaleen E. Beall, eds, Ancestral Roots of Certain American Colonists Who Came to America before 1700 (8th ed. Baltimore: Genealogical Publishing Company, 2008.), Line 146-15, 250-15.
54. http://wc.rootsweb.ancestry.com/cgi-bin/igm.cgi. Rec. Date: 25 Aug 2001, http://wc.rootsweb.com/cgi-bin/igm.cgi?op=GET&db=:3174654&id=I593871877.
55. Weis, Frederick Lewis and Walter Lee Sheppard, Jr; William R. Beall and Kaleen E. Beall, eds, Ancestral Roots of Certain American Colonists Who Came to America before 1700 (8th ed. Baltimore: Genealogical Publishing Company, 2008.), Line 148-15, 162-16 (Judith).
56. Wikipedia.org, Charles the Bald.
57. http://www.familysearch.org, Cit. Date: 31 Jul 2009.
58. Weis, Frederick Lewis and Walter Lee Sheppard, Jr; William R. Beall and Kaleen E. Beall, eds, Ancestral Roots of Certain American Colonists Who Came to America before 1700 (8th ed. Baltimore: Genealogical Publishing Company, 2008.), Line 148-15 (Charles II).
59. Wikipedia.org, Odo I, Count of Orléans. Cit. Date: 20 Sep 2009.
60. http://www.familysearch.org, Cit. Date: 1 Aug 2009.
61. Wikipedia.org, Robert de Brus, 1st Lord of Annandale. Cit. Date: 1 Aug 2009.
62. Wikipedia.org, Juliana FitzGerald.
63. Weis, Frederick Lewis and Walter Lee Sheppard, Jr; William R. Beall and Kaleen E. Beall, eds, Ancestral Roots of Certain American Colonists Who Came to America before 1700 (8th ed. Baltimore: Genealogical Publishing Company, 2008.), Line 178-5.
64. Weis, Frederick Lewis and Walter Lee Sheppard, Jr; William R. Beall and Kaleen E. Beall, eds, Ancestral Roots of Certain American Colonists Who Came to America before 1700 (8th ed. Baltimore: Genealogical Publishing Company, 2008.), Line 178-4.
65. Weis, Frederick Lewis and Walter Lee Sheppard, Jr; William R. Beall and Kaleen E. Beall, eds, Ancestral Roots of Certain American Colonists Who Came to America before 1700 (8th ed. Baltimore: Genealogical Publishing Company, 2008.), Line 178-4 (Gerald FitzMaurice).
66. Weis, Frederick Lewis and Walter Lee Sheppard, Jr; William R. Beall and Kaleen E. Beall, eds, Ancestral Roots of Certain American Colonists Who Came to America before 1700 (8th ed. Baltimore: Genealogical Publishing Company, 2008.), Line 178-6, 54-31 (Thomas de Clare).
67. Wikipedia.org, Juliana FitzGerald. Cit. Date: 2 Sep 2009.
King of the Franks, Crowned Holy Roman Emperor at Rheims 816-840. Louis began the partitioning of his father's empire.
-------------
From Wikipedia - Louis the Pious :
Louis the Pious (also known as Louis I, Louis the Fair, and Louis the Debonaire, German : Ludwig der Fromme, French : Louis le Pieux or Louis le Débonnaire, Italian : Luigi il Pio or Ludovico il Pio, Spanish : Luis el Piadoso or Ludovico Pío) (778 - 20 June 840 ) was Holy Roman Emperor and King of the Franks from 814 to his death in 840 .
Birth and Rule in Aquitaine
Louis was born while his father Charlemagne was on campaign in Spain, at the Carolingian villa of Cassinogilum, according to Einhard and the anonymous chronicler called Astronomus ; the place is usually identified with Chasseneuil , near Poitiers.[1] He was the third son of Charlemagne by his wife Hildegard .
Louis was crowned king of Aquitaine as a child in 781 and sent there with regents and a court. Charlemagne constituted the sub-kingdom in order to secure the border of his kingdom after his devastating defeat at the hands of Basques in Roncesvalles in (778).
In 794, Charlemagne settled four former Gallo-Roman villas on Louis, in the thought that he would take in each in turn as winter residence: Doué-la-Fontaine in today's Anjou , Ebreuil in Allier , Angeac-Charente , and the disputed Cassinogilum. Charlemagne's intention was to see all his sons brought up as natives of their given territories, wearing the national costume of the region and ruling by the local customs. Thus were the children sent to their respective realms at so young an age. Each kingdom had its importance in keeping some frontier, Louis's was the Spanish March . In 797 , Barcelona , the greatest city of the Marca, fell to the Franks when Zeid, its governor, rebelled against Córdoba and, failing, handed it to them. The Umayyad authority recaptured it in 799 . However, Louis marched the entire army of his kingdom, including Gascons with their duke Sancho I of Gascony , Provençals under Leibulf , and Goths under Bera , over the Pyrenees and besieged it for two years, wintering there from 800 to 801 , when it capitulated. The sons were not given independence from central authority, however, and Charlemagne ingrained in them the concepts of empire and unity by sending them on military expeditions far from their home bases. Louis campaigned in the Mezzogiorno against the Beneventans at least once.
Louis was one of Charlemagne's three legitimate sons to survive infancy, and, according to Frankish custom, Louis had expected to share his inheritance with his brothers, Charles the Younger , King of Neustria , and Pepin , King of Italy . In the Divisio Regnorum of 806 , Charlemagne had slated Charles the Younger as his successor as emperor and chief king, ruling over the Frankish heartland of Neustria and Austrasia , while giving Pepin the Iron Crown of Lombardy , which Charlemagne possessed by conquest. To Louis's kingdom of Aquitaine, he added Septimania , Provence , and part of Burgundy .
But in the event, Charlemagne's other legitimate sons died - Pepin in 810 and Charles in 811 - and Louis alone remained to be crowned co-emperor with Charlemagne in 813 . On his father's death in 814 , he inherited the entire Frankish kingdom and all its possessions (with the sole exception of Italy, which remained within Louis's empire, but under the direct rule of Bernard , Pepin's son).
Emperor
He was in his villa of Doué-la-Fontaine , Anjou , when he received news of his father's passing. Hurrying to Aachen , he crowned himself and was proclaimed by the nobles with shouts of Vivat Imperator Ludovicus.
In his first coinage type, minted from the start of his reign, he imitated his father Charlemagne's portrait coinage, giving an image of imperial power and prestige in an echo of Roman glory [2]. He quickly enacted a "moral purge", in which he sent all of his unmarried sisters to nunneries, forgoing their diplomatic use as hostage brides in favour of the security of avoiding the entanglements that powerful brothers-in-law might bring. He spared his illegitimate half-brothers and tonsured his father's cousins, Adalard and Wala, son of Bernard , shutting them up in Noirmoutier and Corbie , respectively, despite the latter's initial loyalty.
His chief councillors were Bernat, margrave of Septimania , and Ebbo , whom, born a serf, Louis would raise to the archbishopric of Rheims but who would ungratefully betray him later. He retained some of his father's ministers, such as Elisachar , abbot of St Maximin near Trier , and Hildebold, Archbishop of Cologne . Later he replaced Elisachar with Hildwin, abbot of many monasteries.
He also used Benedict of Aniane (the Second Benedict), a Septimanian Visigoth and monastic founder, to help him reform the Frankish church. One of Benedict's primary reforms was to ensure that all religious houses in Louis' realm adhered to the Rule of St Benedict , named for its creator, the First Benedict, Benedict of Nursia (480 -550 ).
In 816 , Pope Stephen V , who had succeeded Leo III , visited Rheims and again crowned Louis. The Emperor thereby strengthened the papacy by recognising the importance of the pope in imperial coronations.
Ordinatio imperii
On Maundy Thursday 817 , Louis and his court were crossing a wooden gallery from the cathedral to the palace in Aachen when the gallery collapsed, killing many. Louis, having barely survived and feeling the imminent danger of death, began planning for his succession; three months later he issued an Ordinatio Imperii, an imperial decree that laid out plans for an orderly succession. In 815 , he had already given his two eldest sons a share in the government, when he had sent his elder sons Lothair and Pepin to govern Bavaria and Aquitaine respectively, though without the royal titles. Now, he proceeded to divide the empire among his three sons and his nephew Bernard of Italy :
If one of the subordinate kings died, he was to be succeeded by his sons. If he died childless, Lothar would inherit his kingdom. In the event of Lothar dying without sons, one of Louis the Pious' younger sons would be chosen to replace him by "the people". Above all, the Empire would not be divided: the Emperor would rule supreme over the subordinate kings, whose obedience to him was mandatory.
With this settlement, Louis tried to combine his sense for the Empire's unity, supported by the clergy, while at the same time providing positions for all of his sons. Instead of treating his sons equally in status and land, he elevated his first-born son Lothair above his younger brothers and gave him the largest part of the Empire as his share.
Bernard's rebellion and Louis's penance
The ordinatio imperii of Aachen left Bernard of Italy in an uncertain and subordinate position as king of Italy, and he began plotting to declare independence upon hearing of it. Louis immediately directed his army towards Italy, and betook himself to Chalon-sur-Saône . Intimidated by the emperor's swift action, Bernard met his uncle at Chalon, under invitation, and surrendered. He was taken to Aix-la-Chapelle by Louis, who there had him tried and condemned to death for treason. Louis had the sentence commuted to blinding, which was duly carried out; Bernard did not survive the ordeal, however, dying after two days of agony. Others also suffered: Theodulf of Orleans , in eclipse since the death of Charlemagne, was accused of having supported the rebellion, and was thrown into a monastic prison, where he died soon after - poisoned, it was rumoured.[3] The fate of his nephew deeply marked Louis's conscience for the rest of his life.
In 822, as a deeply religious man, Louis performed penance for causing Bernard's death, at his palace of Attigny near Vouziers in the Ardennes , before Pope Paschal I , and a council of ecclesiastics and nobles of the realm that had been convened for the reconciliation of Louis with his three younger half-brothers, Hugo whom he soon made abbot of St-Quentin, Drogo whom he soon made Bishop of Metz , and Theodoric. This act of contrition, partly in emulation of Theodosius I , had the effect of greatly reducing his prestige as a Frankish ruler, for he also recited a list of minor offences about which no secular ruler of the time would have taken any notice. He also made the egregious error of releasing Wala and Adalard from their monastic confinements, placing the former in a position of power in the court of Lothair and the latter in a position in his own house.
Frontier wars
At the start of Louis's reign, the many tribes - Danes , Obotrites , Slovenes , Bretons , Basques - which inhabited his frontierlands were still in awe of the Frankish emperor's power and dared not stir up any trouble. In 816, however, the Sorbs rebelled and were quickly followed by Slavomir, chief of the Obotrites, who was captured and abandoned by his own people, being replaced by Ceadrag in 818. Soon, Ceadrag too had turned against the Franks and allied with the Danes, who were to become the greatest menace of the Franks in a short time.
A greater Slavic menace was gathering on the southeast. There, Ljudevit Posavski , duke of Pannonia , was harassing the border at the Drava and Sava rivers. The margrave of Friuli , Cadolah , was sent out against him, but he died on campaign and, in 820, his margarvate was invaded by Slovenes. In 821, an alliance was made with Borna , duke of the Dalmatia , and Ljudevit was brought to heel. Peace continued until 827, when the younger Louis had to deal with a Bulgar horde descending on Pannonia.
On the far southern edge of his great realm, Louis had to control the Lombard princes of Benevento whom Charlemagne had never subjugated. He extracted promises from Princes Grimoald IV and Sico , but to no effect.
On the southwestern frontier, problems commenced early when, in 815, Séguin , duke of Gascony , revolted. He was defeated and replaced by Lupus III , who was dispossessed in 818 by the emperor. In 820 an assembly at Quierzy-sur-Oise decided to send an expedition against the Cordoban caliphate. The counts in charge of the army, Hugh , count of Tours , and Matfrid , count of Orléans , were slow in acting and the expedition came to naught.
First civil war
In 818, as Louis was returning from a campaign to Brittany , he was greeted by news of the death of his wife, Ermengarde . Ermengarde was the daughter of Ingerman , the duke of Hesbaye. Louis had been close to his wife, who had been involved in policymaking. It was rumoured that she had played a part in her nephew's death and Louis himself believed her own death was divine retribution for that event. It took many months for his courtiers and advisors to convince him to remarry, but eventually he did, in 820, to Judith , daughter of Welf , count of Altdorf . In 823 Judith gave birth to a son, who was named Charles .
The birth of this son damaged the Partition of Aachen, as Louis's attempts to provide for his fourth son met with stiff resistance from his older sons, and the last two decades of his reign were marked by civil war.
At Worms in 829, Louis gave Charles Alemannia with the title of king or duke (historians differ on this), thus enraging his son and co-emperor Lothair,[4] whose promised share was thereby diminished. An insurrection was soon at hand. With the urging of the vengeful Wala and the cooperation of his brothers, Lothair accused Judith of having committed adultery with Bernard of Septimania, even suggesting Bernard to be the true father of Charles. Ebbo and Hildwin abandoned the emperor at that point, Bernard having risen to greater heights than either of them. Agobard , Archbishop of Lyon , and Jesse , bishop of Amiens , too, opposed the redivision of the empire and lent their episcopal prestige to the rebels.
In 830, at Wala's insistence that Bernard of Septimania was plotting against him, Pepin of Aquitaine led an army of Gascons , with the support of the Neustrian magnates, all the way to Paris . At Verberie , Louis the German joined him. At that time, the emperor returned from another campaign in Brittany to find his empire at war with itself. He marched as far as Compiègne , an ancient royal town, before being surrounded by Pepin's forces and captured. Judith was incarcerated at Poitiers and Bernard fled to Barcelona.
Then Lothair finally set out with a large Lombard army, but Louis had promised his sons Louis the German and Pepin of Aquitaine greater shares of the inheritance, prompting them to shift loyalties in favour of their father. When Lothair tried to call a general council of the realm in Nijmegen , in the heart of Austrasia , the Austrasians and Rhinelanders came with a following of armed retainers, and the disloyal sons were forced to free their father and bow at his feet (831). Lothair was pardoned, but disgraced and banished to Italy. Pepin returned to Aquitaine and Judith - after being forced to humiliate herself with a solemn oath of innocence - to Louis's court. Only Wala was severely dealt with, making his way to a secluded monastery on the shores of Lake Geneva . Though Hilduin , abbot of Saint Denis , was exiled to Paderborn and Elisachar and Matfrid were deprived of their honours north of the Alps; they did not lose their freedom.
Second civil war
The next revolt occurred a mere two years later (832). The disaffected Pepin was summoned to his father's court, where he was so poorly received he left against his father's orders. Immediately, fearing that Pepin would be stirred up to revolt by his nobles and desiring to reform his morals, Louis the Pious summoned all his forces to meet in Aquitaine in preparation of an uprising, but Louis the German garnered an army of Slav allies and conquered Swabia before the emperor could react. Once again the elder Louis divided his vast realm. At Jonac , he declared Charles king of Aquitaine and deprived Pepin (he was less harsh with the younger Louis), restoring the whole rest of the empire to Lothair, not yet involved in the civil war. Lothair was, however, interested in usurping his father's authority. His ministers had been in contact with Pepin and may have convinced him and Louis the German to rebel, promising him Alemannia, the kingdom of Charles.
Soon Lothair, with the support of Pope Gregory IV , whom he had confirmed in office without his father's support, joined the revolt in 833. While Louis was at Worms gathering a new force, Lothair marched north. Louis marched south. The armies met on the plains of the Rothfeld. There, Gregory met the emperor and may have tried to sow dissension amongst his ranks. Soon much of Louis's army had evaporated before his eyes, and he ordered his few remaining followers to go, because "it would be a pity if any man lost his life or limb on my account." The resigned emperor was taken to Saint Médard at Soissons , his son Charles to Prüm , and the queen to Tortona . The despicable show of disloyalty and disingenuousness earned the site the name Field of Lies, or Lügenfeld, or Campus Mendacii, ubi plurimorum fidelitas exstincta est[5]
On November 13 , 833 , Ebbo of Rheims presided over a synod in the Church of Saint Mary in Soissons which deposed Louis and forced him to publicly confess many crimes, none of which he had, in fact, committed. In return, Lothair gave Ebbo the Abbey of Saint Vaast. Men like Rabanus Maurus , Louis' younger half-brothers Drogo and Hugh, and Emma, Judith's sister and Louis the German's new wife, worked on the younger Louis to make peace with his father, for the sake of unity of the empire. The humiliation to which Louis was then subjected at Notre Dame in Compiègne turned the loyal barons of Austrasia and Saxony against Lothair, and the usurper fled to Burgundy , skirmishing with loyalists near Châlons-sur-Saône . Louis was restored the next year, on 1 March 834 .
On Lothair's return to Italy, Wala, Jesse, and Matfrid, formerly count of Orléans, died of a pestilence and, on 2 February 835 , the Synod of Thionville deposed Ebbo, Agobard, Bernard , Bishop of Vienne , and Bartholomew , Archbishop of Narbonne . Lothair himself fell ill; events had turned completely in Louis favour once again.
In 836, however, the family made peace and Louis restored Pepin and Louis, deprived Lothair of all save Italy, and gave it to Charles in a new division, given at the diet of Crémieux . At about that time, the Vikings terrorised and sacked Utrecht and Antwerp . In 837, they went up the Rhine as far as Nijmegen, and their king, Rorik , demanded the wergild of some of his followers killed on previous expeditions before Louis the Pious mustered a massive force and marched against them. They fled, but it would not be the last time they harried the northern coasts. In 838, they even claimed sovereignty over Frisia , but a treaty was confirmed between them and the Franks in 839. Louis the Pious ordered the construction of a North Sea fleet and the sending of missi dominici into Frisia to establish Frankish sovereignty there.
Third civil war
In 837, Louis crowned Charles king over all of Alemannia and Burgundy and gave him a portion of his brother Louis's land. Louis the German promptly rose in revolt, and the emperor redivided his realm again at Quierzy-sur-Oise , giving all of the young king of Bavaria's lands, save Bavaria itself, to Charles. Emperor Louis did not stop there, however. His devotion to Charles knew no bounds. When Pepin died in 838, Louis declared Charles the new king of Aquitaine. The nobles, however, elected Pepin's son Pepin II . When Louis threatened invasion, the third great civil war of his reign broke out. In the spring of 839, Louis the German invaded Swabia, Pepin II and his Gascon subjects fought all the way to the Loire , and the Danes returned to ravage the Frisian coast (sacking Dorstad for a second time).
Lothair, for the first time in a long time, allied with his father and pledged support at Worms in exchange for a redivision of the inheritance. By a final placitum issued there, Louis gave Bavaria to Louis the German and disinherited Pepin II, leaving the entire remainder of the empire to be divided roughly into an eastern part and a western. Lothair was given the choice of which partition he would inherit and he chose the eastern, including Italy, leaving the western for Charles. The emperor quickly subjugated Aquitaine and had Charles recognised by the nobles and clergy at Clermont-en-Auvergne in 840. Louis then, in a final flash of glory, rushed into Bavaria and forced the younger Louis into the Ostmark . The empire now settled as he had declared it at Worms, he returned in July to Frankfurt am Main , where he disbanded the army. The final civil war of his reign was over.
Death
Louis fell ill soon after his final victorious campaigns and went to his summer hunting lodge on an island in the Rhine, by his palace at Ingelheim . On 20 June 840 , he died, in the presence of many bishops and clerics and in the arms of his half-brother Drogo, though Charles and Judith were absent in Poitiers. Soon dispute plunged the surviving brothers into a civil war that was only settled in 843 by the Treaty of Verdun , which split the Frankish realm into three parts, to become the kernels of France and Germany , with Burgundy and the Low Countries between them. The dispute over the kingship of Aquitaine was not fully settled until 860.
Louis the Pious, along with his half-brother Drogo, were buried in Saint Pierre aux Nonnains Basilica in Metz .
Marriage and issue
By his first wife, Ermengarde of Hesbaye (married ca 794-98), he had three sons and three daughters:
By his second wife, Judith of Bavaria , he had a daughter and a son:
By Theodelinde of Sens[citation needed ], he had two illegitimate children:
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From Wikipedia - Chasseneuil-du-Poitou :
The town, then simply the villa Cassinogilum, was a royal residence of first the Merovingian , and then Carolingian dynasties in France.[8] Louis the Pious , later King of Aquitaine and King of the Franks was born in the villa on 16 April 778 , when his mother, Hildegard of Vinzgouw was staying in the villa whilst his father Charlemagne was on campaign in Spain .
Birth Notes: Wife - Judith of Bavaria
Research Notes: Wife - Judith of Bavaria
From Wikipedia - Judith of Bavaria (795-843) :
Queen Judith or Iudit (805 - April 19 or 23, 843), also known as Judith of Bavaria, was the daughter of Count Welf and a Saxon noblewoman named Hedwig, Duchess of Bavaria (780 - 826). She became Queen consort of the Franks.
Marriage and issue
She became the second wife of Louis the Pious , Holy Roman Emperor and King of the Franks ; they married in Aachen in 819 and had the following children:
Impact on the Frankish kingdom
Judith ensured that her son Charles received a share of the kingdom, just like his three half-brothers from Louis' first marriage. This contributed to the ensuing civil war among Louis and his sons. Rebels temporarily imprisoned Judith in the convent of Poitiers on allegations of adultery during 830. From 833 to 834, she was exiled in Tortona .
Judith was the first member of the Elder House of Welf to have a leading role in the Frankish kingdom. Whether by coincidence or through Judith's influence, in the years following her marriage to Louis her mother and both of her brothers gained important offices in the kingdom. Her sister Hemma married Louis the German , a son of Louis the Pious from his first marriage, in 827. Judith was buried at the basilica of St. Martin in Tours .
Notes: Marriage
Death Notes: Child - Charles II "the Bald" of France and Holy Roman Emperor
Burial Notes: Child - Charles II "the Bald" of France and Holy Roman Emperor
Husband William de Arches 60
Born: Abt 1090 - <Newton Kyme>, Yorkshire, England
Christened:
Died: After 1154
Buried:
Father: Osbern de Arches (Abt 1064-Abt 1115) 60
Mother:
Marriage: Abt 1115 - <Yorkshire, England>
Wife Jueta 60
AKA: Ivetta
Born: Abt 1094 - <Yorkshire, England>
Christened:
Died:
Buried:
Children
1 F Jueta de Arches 60
AKA: Ivetta de Arches
Born: Abt 1116 - <Thorp Arch, Yorkshire>, England
Christened:
Died: Abt 1206
Buried:
Spouse: Adam Brus (Abt 1101-1143) 60 61
Marr: Abt 1124 - Yorkshire, England
Husband Sir Maurice FitzGerald 2nd Baron Offaly 62 63
Born: 1190
Christened:
Died: 1257 - Youghal, Cork, Ireland
Buried:
Father: Gerald FitzMaurice 1st Baron of Offaly (Abt 1150-Bef 1204) 64
Mother: Eve de Bermingham ( -Bef 1226) 65
Marriage:
Wife Juliane 62
AKA: Juliana
Born:
Christened:
Died:
Buried:
Children
1 M Maurice FitzMaurice FitzGerald 3rd Lord of Offaly 62 66
AKA: Maurice FitzMaurice FitzGerald
Born: - Ireland
Christened:
Died: 1286
Buried:
Spouse: Maud de Prendergast (1243- ) 67
Spouse: Emmeline Longespée (Abt 1250-1291)
Marr: Abt 1266
Husband Kresomysl Duke of Bohemia 19
Born: Abt 780 - <Praha, Praha>, Bohemia (Czechoslovakia)
Christened:
Died: 851
Buried:
Father: Unislav Duke of Bohemia (Abt 0758-0833) 19
Mother:
Marriage:
Wife Libuse 22
Born: Abt 782 - <Praha, Praha>, Bohemia (Czechoslovakia)
Christened:
Died:
Buried:
Children
1 M Neklan Duke of Bohemia 19
Born: Abt 800 - <Praha, Praha>, Bohemia (Czechoslovakia)
Christened:
Died: 873
Buried:
Spouse: Ponislava (Abt 0795- ) 22
Husband Krok Duke of Bohemia 19
AKA: Cracus Duke of Bohemia
Born: Abt 667 - <Praha, Praha>, Bohemia (Czechoslovakia)
Christened:
Died:
Buried:
Father: Cech of Bohemia (Abt 0642- ) 19
Mother:
Marriage:
Wife
Born:
Christened:
Died:
Buried:
Children
1 F Libuse Duchess of Bohemia 19
Born: Abt 700 - <Praha, Praha>, Bohemia (Czechoslovakia)
Christened:
Died:
Buried:
Spouse: Premysl Duke of Bohemia (Abt 0694-0745) 19
Sources